The Experts below are selected from a list of 33 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Astrid Johansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rebaling of silage and haylage and its effects on forage microbial and chemical composition—A pilot study
Grass and Forage Science, 2020Co-Authors: C. E. Müller, Astrid JohansenAbstract:Use of big Bale silage and haylage can be difficult on farms where daily forage consumption is comparatively low as speed of deterioration of forage after Bale Opening may be faster than feed-out rate. Production of smaller Bales at harvest is possible, but expensive and work-intensive. Therefore, a pilot study of rebaling forage stored in big Bales to smaller Bales was conducted. Three separate experiments were included, where microbial and chemical composition of silage and haylage was studied before and after rebaling. In Experiment III, residual big Bale forage stored and opened together with reBaled forage was included. Results showed that reBaled haylage and silage had higher yeast counts compared to initial forage; however, residual Bales in Experiment III had yeast counts similar to reBaled forage, indicating an effect of storage time rather than of rebaling. In Experiment II, mould counts were higher in reBaled compared to initial silage, but not in haylage. Chemical composition was similar in initial and reBaled forage except for ammonia-N. In Experiment III, ammonia-N was higher in reBaled compared to initial and residual forage and was the only chemical variable affected by rebaling. Bale temperature during aerobic storage followed ambient temperature until day 6-8 in Experiment I and until day 14 in Experiment III where ambient temperature was lower. In conclusion, rebaling can be done without large changes in chemical composition of the forage, but yeast and mould counts may be higher in reBaled forage, and this risk should be considered when using this procedure.
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rebaling of silage and haylage and its effects on forage microbial and chemical composition a pilot study
Grass and Forage Science, 2020Co-Authors: C. E. Müller, Astrid JohansenAbstract:Use of big Bale silage and haylage can be difficult on farms where daily forage consumption is comparatively low as speed of deterioration of forage after Bale Opening may be faster than feed-out rate. Production of smaller Bales at harvest is possible, but expensive and work-intensive. Therefore, a pilot study of rebaling forage stored in big Bales to smaller Bales was conducted. Three separate experiments were included, where microbial and chemical composition of silage and haylage was studied before and after rebaling. In Experiment III, residual big Bale forage stored and opened together with reBaled forage was included. Results showed that reBaled haylage and silage had higher yeast counts compared to initial forage; however, residual Bales in Experiment III had yeast counts similar to reBaled forage, indicating an effect of storage time rather than of rebaling. In Experiment II, mould counts were higher in reBaled compared to initial silage, but not in haylage. Chemical composition was similar in initial and reBaled forage except for ammonia-N. In Experiment III, ammonia-N was higher in reBaled compared to initial and residual forage and was the only chemical variable affected by rebaling. Bale temperature during aerobic storage followed ambient temperature until day 6-8 in Experiment I and until day 14 in Experiment III where ambient temperature was lower. In conclusion, rebaling can be done without large changes in chemical composition of the forage, but yeast and mould counts may be higher in reBaled forage, and this risk should be considered when using this procedure.
C. E. Müller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rebaling of silage and haylage and its effects on forage microbial and chemical composition a pilot study
Grass and Forage Science, 2020Co-Authors: C. E. Müller, Astrid JohansenAbstract:Use of big Bale silage and haylage can be difficult on farms where daily forage consumption is comparatively low as speed of deterioration of forage after Bale Opening may be faster than feed-out rate. Production of smaller Bales at harvest is possible, but expensive and work-intensive. Therefore, a pilot study of rebaling forage stored in big Bales to smaller Bales was conducted. Three separate experiments were included, where microbial and chemical composition of silage and haylage was studied before and after rebaling. In Experiment III, residual big Bale forage stored and opened together with reBaled forage was included. Results showed that reBaled haylage and silage had higher yeast counts compared to initial forage; however, residual Bales in Experiment III had yeast counts similar to reBaled forage, indicating an effect of storage time rather than of rebaling. In Experiment II, mould counts were higher in reBaled compared to initial silage, but not in haylage. Chemical composition was similar in initial and reBaled forage except for ammonia-N. In Experiment III, ammonia-N was higher in reBaled compared to initial and residual forage and was the only chemical variable affected by rebaling. Bale temperature during aerobic storage followed ambient temperature until day 6-8 in Experiment I and until day 14 in Experiment III where ambient temperature was lower. In conclusion, rebaling can be done without large changes in chemical composition of the forage, but yeast and mould counts may be higher in reBaled forage, and this risk should be considered when using this procedure.
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Rebaling of silage and haylage and its effects on forage microbial and chemical composition—A pilot study
Grass and Forage Science, 2020Co-Authors: C. E. Müller, Astrid JohansenAbstract:Use of big Bale silage and haylage can be difficult on farms where daily forage consumption is comparatively low as speed of deterioration of forage after Bale Opening may be faster than feed-out rate. Production of smaller Bales at harvest is possible, but expensive and work-intensive. Therefore, a pilot study of rebaling forage stored in big Bales to smaller Bales was conducted. Three separate experiments were included, where microbial and chemical composition of silage and haylage was studied before and after rebaling. In Experiment III, residual big Bale forage stored and opened together with reBaled forage was included. Results showed that reBaled haylage and silage had higher yeast counts compared to initial forage; however, residual Bales in Experiment III had yeast counts similar to reBaled forage, indicating an effect of storage time rather than of rebaling. In Experiment II, mould counts were higher in reBaled compared to initial silage, but not in haylage. Chemical composition was similar in initial and reBaled forage except for ammonia-N. In Experiment III, ammonia-N was higher in reBaled compared to initial and residual forage and was the only chemical variable affected by rebaling. Bale temperature during aerobic storage followed ambient temperature until day 6-8 in Experiment I and until day 14 in Experiment III where ambient temperature was lower. In conclusion, rebaling can be done without large changes in chemical composition of the forage, but yeast and mould counts may be higher in reBaled forage, and this risk should be considered when using this procedure.
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Microbial Composition before and after Conservation of Grass-Dominated Haylage Harvested Early, Middle, and Late in the Season
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2014Co-Authors: Jessica Schenck, C. E. MüllerAbstract:Haylage for horses is often harvested in late plant maturity, which could be associated with an increased risk of impaired hygienic quality in the forage and short aerobic storage stability after Bale Opening, but knowledge in this area is scant. An experiment was conducted in which the microbial composition was analyzed before and after conservation of primary growth haylage harvested early (June), middle (July), and late (August) in the season during 1 year. The counts of yeast, enterobacteria, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in preconserved herbage increased with the advancing harvest time (P ≤ .02). After conservation, the August haylage had increased counts of enterobacteria (log 4.3 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g) and LAB (log 6.5 CFU/g), compared with the June and July haylage (log ≤1.7 CFU/g for enterobacteria and ≤5.7 CFU/g for LAB, P < .001). The yeast counts were the lowest in the June haylage (log 5.0 CFU/g) compared with the July and August haylage (log ≥6.3 CFU/g, P < .001). After conservation, the mold counts were lower in the June haylage and greater in the August haylage (P = .01). In the preconserved herbage, Cladosporium cladosporioides was the most common mold species in June but Fusarium poae was in July, and Mucor fragilis in August. After conservation, Penicillium carneum was the only species found in the June haylage, with M. circinelloides most frequently found in the July haylage and M. hiemalis and M. circinelloides found at similar frequencies in the August haylage. An advanced harvest time resulted in greater counts of enterobacteria, yeast, and LAB and an increased number of mold species in the conserved haylage. The aerobic storage stability of the opened haylage Bales measured by temperature was similar among the harvests.
Makoto Nakamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Opening mechanisms of Bale opener part 1 theoretical analyses of tuft weight and tooth edge locus and experimental varifications for fiber layered structured models
Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (journal of The Textile Machinery Society of Japan), 1997Co-Authors: Makoto Nakamura, Masaru Nakajima, Tatsuki MatsuoAbstract:The purpose of Bale opener is to open the Bale to fine and uniform tufts.Therefore, the way how to open the Bale influences strongly the mean value and the distribution of tuft weight.In the present paper, the difference between theoretical and practical tuft weight is investigated, and one theoretical and two experimental models to simulate real Bale Opening process are presented.Finally the effectivity of a locus analysis and two models to explain the Opening mechanism are examined.The results can be summarized as follows : 1. Mean tuft weight investigated at a Opening process in commercial mills depends on a production rate of tuft and increases proportionally with the production rate.2. There is a big difference between theoretical mean tuft weight calculated from Opening conditions including production rate and practical mean tuft weight collected from actual Opening process in the mills.It means that the opener spike plucks only one tuft approximately at its 15∼30 times strikes.3. Ideal Opening curve of opener's spike tip for Bales is theoretically indicated as a trochoid curve and it can be classified into down-cut Opening (D.C.O.) curve and up-cut Opening (U.C.O.) curve.4. It is suggested by the two experimental models that the size of tufts opened with D.C.O.are smaller and more uniform because of the smoother surface of Bale formed by the strike of D.C.O.than those of U.C.O..5. The mechanism to cause the miss swing can be qualitatively explained by experimental observations by the two experimental models.
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a study on Bale Opening
Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (journal of The Textile Machinery Society of Japan), 1993Co-Authors: Makoto Nakamura, Jyuzo HosokawaAbstract:紡績の混打綿工程において用いられるベールオープナの開繊歯先の摩耗がタフトの大きさに与える影響を, タフトかきとり試験装置による実験と実際の紡績工場における調査によって解析した.この結果, 次のことが明らかになった. 1) 試作試験器 (タフトのかきとり装置) による実験では, 歯先が摩耗すると, かきとられるタフトの大きさは小さくなり, その歯先の摩耗度合が増すと, タフトの大きさは小さくなる. 2) 実際の紡績工場における調査では, 歯先が摩耗すると, 開繊タフトの大きさは, 極端に大きな綿塊から, 小さな綿塊までばらつきの幅が拡がり, その結果, 平均値もCV値も大きくなる. 3) 上記1) と2) の違いは, 次の理由による.すなわち, 実生産機械では, 開繊状態とは無関係に, オープナに対してベールを一定の速度で供給しており, 歯先がベール面にくい込む寸法を確保した試験器による結果とは根本的に相違している.
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Study of Bale Opening. Part 3 :Relation between production rate and tuft size by using a new Bale opener.
Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (journal of The Textile Machinery Society of Japan), 1991Co-Authors: Makoto Nakamura, Yoshio Arimitsu, Juzo HosokawaAbstract:目的 : 最近の新しいベールオープナを用いた場合, その生産率と開繊されるタフトの大きさの関係について調べる.成果 : べールオープナにおける生産率が増加すると, ほぼ一定の割合で開繊タフトは大きくなった.実際に開繊されたタフトの大きさは, 計算によるタフトの大きさと相関関係にあることが分かった.
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study of Bale Opening part 5 effect of new Bale opener on quality of intermediate products in spinning process
Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (journal of The Textile Machinery Society of Japan), 1991Co-Authors: Makoto Nakamura, Teruo Nakamoto, Juzo HosokawaAbstract:最近の新しいベールオープナを用いることにより, 従来に比較して, 綿塊は細かく均一なタフトに開繊される.このことが, 紡績工程の中間製品―例えば, ラップ, スライバ, 精紡糸など―の品質に, どのような影響を与えるかについて検討した.この結果, ゲレン変動率の小さい, すなわち, ばらつきの少ない均斉なラップ, スライバが得られること.また, 精紡工程においても糸切れが少なく, 品質のよい糸が得られることが分かった.
Tatsuki Matsuo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Effects of Bale-Opening on the Quality of Intermediates in the Spinning Process
Journal of The Textile Institute, 2000Co-Authors: M. Nakamura, Masaru Nakajima, Tatsuki MatsuoAbstract:In comparison with conventional models, a finer and more uniform tuft is claimed to have been obtained with a new model of Bale opener. Its effects on the quality of intermediates in the carding, combing, drawing, and spinning processes such as carded lap, combed and drawn sliver, and spun yarn are investigated. As a result, homogeneous laps and slivers having small values of the coefficient of variation were obtained, and other favorable results, such as spun yarn having better uniformity and less yarn breakage in the spinning process, were expected.
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Opening mechanisms of Bale opener part 1 theoretical analyses of tuft weight and tooth edge locus and experimental varifications for fiber layered structured models
Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (journal of The Textile Machinery Society of Japan), 1997Co-Authors: Makoto Nakamura, Masaru Nakajima, Tatsuki MatsuoAbstract:The purpose of Bale opener is to open the Bale to fine and uniform tufts.Therefore, the way how to open the Bale influences strongly the mean value and the distribution of tuft weight.In the present paper, the difference between theoretical and practical tuft weight is investigated, and one theoretical and two experimental models to simulate real Bale Opening process are presented.Finally the effectivity of a locus analysis and two models to explain the Opening mechanism are examined.The results can be summarized as follows : 1. Mean tuft weight investigated at a Opening process in commercial mills depends on a production rate of tuft and increases proportionally with the production rate.2. There is a big difference between theoretical mean tuft weight calculated from Opening conditions including production rate and practical mean tuft weight collected from actual Opening process in the mills.It means that the opener spike plucks only one tuft approximately at its 15∼30 times strikes.3. Ideal Opening curve of opener's spike tip for Bales is theoretically indicated as a trochoid curve and it can be classified into down-cut Opening (D.C.O.) curve and up-cut Opening (U.C.O.) curve.4. It is suggested by the two experimental models that the size of tufts opened with D.C.O.are smaller and more uniform because of the smoother surface of Bale formed by the strike of D.C.O.than those of U.C.O..5. The mechanism to cause the miss swing can be qualitatively explained by experimental observations by the two experimental models.
Juzo Hosokawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study of Bale Opening. Part 3 :Relation between production rate and tuft size by using a new Bale opener.
Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (journal of The Textile Machinery Society of Japan), 1991Co-Authors: Makoto Nakamura, Yoshio Arimitsu, Juzo HosokawaAbstract:目的 : 最近の新しいベールオープナを用いた場合, その生産率と開繊されるタフトの大きさの関係について調べる.成果 : べールオープナにおける生産率が増加すると, ほぼ一定の割合で開繊タフトは大きくなった.実際に開繊されたタフトの大きさは, 計算によるタフトの大きさと相関関係にあることが分かった.
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study of Bale Opening part 5 effect of new Bale opener on quality of intermediate products in spinning process
Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (journal of The Textile Machinery Society of Japan), 1991Co-Authors: Makoto Nakamura, Teruo Nakamoto, Juzo HosokawaAbstract:最近の新しいベールオープナを用いることにより, 従来に比較して, 綿塊は細かく均一なタフトに開繊される.このことが, 紡績工程の中間製品―例えば, ラップ, スライバ, 精紡糸など―の品質に, どのような影響を与えるかについて検討した.この結果, ゲレン変動率の小さい, すなわち, ばらつきの少ない均斉なラップ, スライバが得られること.また, 精紡工程においても糸切れが少なく, 品質のよい糸が得られることが分かった.
