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Juliano Alves De Senna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Caracterização de argilas de utilização na industria ceramica por espectroscopia de reflectancia
[s.n.], 2018Co-Authors: Juliano Alves De SennaAbstract:Orientador: Carlos Roberto de Souza FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de GeocienciasResumo: As argilas estão entre as mais importantes matérias primas devido as suas múltiplas funções industriais. No caso especial da indústria de cerâmica, as argilas têm ampla utilidade, sendo o principal produto para a fabricação de louças, porcelanas, revestimentos, entre outros. A caracterização de argilas, do ponto de vista químico, fisico e tecoológico, é um requisito cada vez mais necessário. Entretanto, o planejamento de lavra sucinto, a falta de controle dos padrões requeridos pela indústria e a separação essencialmente subjetiva e empírica das argilas quanto ao uso, fazem com que muitos materiais química e tecnologicamente diferentes sejam classificados como semelliantes, com conseqüências danosas para a extração e industrialização da matéria prima. Considerando as complexidades envolvidas na caracterização de argilas de utilização na indústria cerâmica por métodos convencionais, esta pesquisa objetivou (i) avaliar o potencial da espectroscopia de reftectância como um método aplicável de forma expedita na defmição de tipos e de pureza de argilas; (ii) determinar parâmetros espectrais que possam subsidiar a classificação de argilas quanto ao uso na indústria, com ênfase nos materiais apropriados para a produção de cerâmica de revestimentos e louça sanitária. Dois jazimentos de argila foram estudados: um primeiro, fonte de matéria prima para indústria de revestimentos cerâmicas, explorado pela Mineração Cruzeiro, em Limeira (SP); e outro, fonte de matéria prima para a indústria de porcelana e louça sanitária (incluindo argilas do tipo Ball Clay), explorado pela Mineração Mateus Leme, em São Simão (SP). A Mina de Cruzeiro compreende rochas ricas em argila das Formações Irati, Serra Alta, Corumbataí e Serra Geral (Bacia do Paraná), tendo o horizonte Corumbataí como principal fonte de matéria prima. Com base em métodos e dados obtidos por espectroscopia de reftectância, foi possível construir uma coluna 'espectro-litológica', onde cada compartimento (Formação) e sub-compartimento (grupos da Formação Corumbataí) possui uma assinatura espectral caracteristica, a qual pode ser diretamente relacionada a uma determinada composição e uso (ou não) do material como matéria-prima na indústria cerâmica de revestimentos. No depósito de São Simão, a caracterização das argilas por espectroscopia de reftectância foi plena. Três tipos de argila, hospedados no aluvião do ribeirão Tamanduá, foram separados. Nas argilas brancas foi possível quantificar e detectar as porcentagens de caulinita e seu grau de criStalinidade, argilo-minerais expansivos e micas, e a lepidocrosita (inédita em depósitos aluvionares brasileiros). Nas argilas cinzas, também cauliníticas, a matéria orgânica tem intima relação com a presença dos argilo-minerais expansivos. As argilas marrons possuem a maior quantidade de caulinita e de variedades bem estruturadas e cristalinas; os argilo-minerais expansivos ocorrem numa proporção ideal em relação a caulinita, conferindo maior plasticidade geral ao material; a siderita, identificada pela primeira vez no aluvião, também é comum nessas argilas. Cada grupo de argilas caracterizadas no depósito de São Simão como distintas do ponto de vista espectral, coincidentemente tem uma aplicação específica na indústria de cerâmica fina. Considerando o caráter exploratório desta pesquisa, que buscou, aparentemente pela primeira vez, utilizar a espectroscopia de reftectância e técnicas relacionadas para caracterização de argihls empregadas como matéria-prima na indústria cerâmica, os resultados foram muito promissoresAbstract: Clays are among the ver)' important primary, raw materiais due to their broad spectrum uses in the industIy. In the specific case of the ceramic industl)', cIays are used in many fields, incIuding the manufacturing of porcelains, pottery, chimney-flue tile, roofing tile, conduit, light-weight aggregate, floor tile, sewer pipe, drain tile and so on. The characterization of cIays from the physical, chemical, and ceramic standpoint in pre- and -within mining stages is a must in modero industry. However, succinct mining planning, lack of industry-oriented standards and the usual bond to empirical discrimination of Clays as regards their use, put chemically and technologically different materiais as similar standards, with serious consequences to the mining and manufacturing industry. Considering the intrinsic complexities involved in characterizing ceramic industry-aimed materiais by conventional methods, this works aims: (i) to evaluate the potential of reflectance spectroscopy as a relevant, expedite method to define types and purity of cIays; (ii) to study the possibility to relate cIays' spectral variables and parameters to their specific uses in the ceramic industIy, with emphasis on the materiais employed in the manufacturing of porcelains and floor tiles. T wo cIay deposits were investigated in this study: One, named 'Cruzeiro', is located in Limeira (São Paulo) , and is a source of cIays to the tile industIy; the other, named São Simão, is located in the analogous town, hosts important Ball cIay-type deposits and it is an important source of primary materiais to the porcelain industIy. The Cruzeiro deposit comprises cIay-rich sediments of the Irati, Serra Alta and Corumbataí Formations (paraná Basin stratigraphic units), although the Corumbataí strata are the main source of Clays. Using reflectance spectroscopy methods and data, it was possible to built a 'spectro-lithological' column, where every compartment (Formation) and sub-divisions of the Corumbataí Formation show an unambiguous spectral signature. This signature can be directly related to cIay composition and possible uses (or not) for these cIays in the tile manufacturing industry. The São Simão days are associated to the Tamanduá river alluvium deposits, where three types of cIays were spectrally distinguished on the basis of reflectance spectroscopy methods and data. The white cIays comprise kaolinite with several degrees of crystallinity, expansive cIay mineraIs, micas and lepidocrosite (an unique fmding in Brazilian alluvium deposits). The gray cIays, also kaolinite-rich, display an intrinsic relation between organic matter and expansive cIay minerais. The brown cIays show the highest content of well-ordered, highly crystalline kaolinites; they contain expansive cIay minerais, which occur in an ideal proportion to kaolinite, conferring more plasticity to the cIays; and they also host some amounts of siderite (first time found in this alluvium). Each ofthese cIay groups characterized in the São Simão deposit coincidentally has a specific application in the fine ceramics industry. In view of the exploratory nature of this research, the results using reflectance spectroscopy to characterize particular industIy-aimed cIays proved very promising.MestradoMetalogeneseMestre em Geociência
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Spectral-mineralogical characterization and genetic aspects of classic Brazilian ceramic materials : case studies in pyrophillite, talc and kaolinite deposits
[s.n.], 2018Co-Authors: Juliano Alves De SennaAbstract:Orientador: Carlos Roberto de Souza FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de GeocienciasResumo: Matérias primas cerâmicas (MP.C) naturais são materiais geológicos que exercem papel fundamental na economia de países mais desenvolvidos. Entretanto, no Brasil há uma tendência histórica em preterir investimentos na prospecção e explotação destes bens não metálicos em relação aos metálicos. Em função disso, os métodos de lavra até hoje utilizados são empíricos e o controle de qualidade precário, salvo alguns . poucos depósitos administrados por grandes grupos mineradores. Neste sentido, há uma clara lacuna tecnológica a ser preenchida neste setor no Brasil. A Espectroscopia de Reflectância (ER), baseada na faixa do visível e infravermelho de ondas curtas (0.4-2.5um), é uma ferramenta fundamental do sensoriamento remoto e eficaz na detecção de óxidos e hidróxidos de ferro e alumínio, carbonatos e filossilicatos. Seu uso potencial para caracterização espectro-mineral de MPCs é significativo, visto que não requer nenhuma preparação, é uma técnica rápida e de simples operacionalidade, e as análises podem ser feitas diretamente in situo Considerando as complexidades envolvidas nesta caracterização, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: (i) avaliar a eficácia da ER em separar as faciologias dos minérios, (ii) propor modelos espectro mineralógicos dos depósitos, (iii) analisar as possibilidades de mapeamento dos minerais associados às jazidas, e (iv) determinar parâmetros que auxiliem na classificação dos minérios para uso industrial. Neste contexto, três importantes depósitos (peculiares e representativos metalotectos brasileiros) de MPCs foram escolhidos para investigação: (i) Pirofillita (Agalmatolito, para cerâmica refratária) em Mateus Leme (MG), (ii) Talco (para revestimentos cerâmicos) em Ponta Grossa (PR) e Caulinita (Ball-Clay, para louça sanitária e porcelana) em São Simão (SP). Em todos os depósitos, os materiais foram cuidadosamente classificados, seja quanto à composição mineral ou a aplicação industrial, com detecção dos principais minerais presentes e de espécimes ainda desconhecidas nos depósitos. Da mesma forma, o mapeamento interativo auxiliado por dados multiespectrais ASTER e espectros selecionados após a classificação, permitiu o reconhecimento espacial das abundâncias, concentrações e misturas minerais existentes nos depósitos. O sucesso da ER em caracterizar MPCs demonstrou a viabilidade.da técnica: (i) para o reconhecimento de fácies litológicas e fases minerais, (ii) para a investigação dos materiais in situ por equipamentos portáteis, (iii) para dar suporte ao planejamento de lavra de curto e longo prazo, e (iv) para aplicações multidisciplinares nos estágios pré e sinindustrialização. Desta forma, a pesquisa contemplou o objetivo de caracterizar os mais clássicos tipos de MPCs brasileiras, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de explotação adequada a cada caso, considerando um controle de qualidade ideal. Adicionalmente, a análise integrada dos dados permitiu avanços no entendimento da geometria e gênese desses depósitos, os quais poderão ser utilizados em etapas futuras de prospecção dessas commodities.Abstract: Raw ceramic materials (CM) are geological resources that play a fundamental role in the economy ofhigh1y developed countries. However, in Brazil there is a historical tendency in disregarding investments in the prospecting and exploitation of these non-metallic commodities, in contrast to the metallic equivalents. As a function of that, current mining approaches are yet too empirical and the quality control precarious, exception made to a few deposits administered by large mining companies. fu this sense, there has been a c1ear technological gap to be filled in this sector in Brazil. Reflectance Spectroscopy (RE), based on visible, near-inftared and shortwave inftared wayelengths, is a key remote sensing tool and effective in detecting Fe- and Al-bearing oxides and hydroxides, carbonates 8l1d phyllosilicates. Its potential use to the spectral-mineralogical characterization of CMs is significant, as it is a quick,operational, nondestructive technique that requires no sample preparation and that can be use for measuring materials in situo Considering the complexities involved in this characteyization, the objectives of this research were: (i) to evaluate the efficacy of ER in separating ores fades and associated rocks; (ii) to propose spectral-mineralogical models for the deposits, (iii) to analyze the possibility to map minerals associated to the deposits, and (iv) to determine parameters that might help in the c1assification of ores employed by the industry. In this context, three important deposits (peculiar and representative Brazilian metalotects) of ceramic materials were chosen for the investigation: (i) Pyrophyllite (agalmatolite, for reftactory pottery) in Mateus Leme (Minas Gerais), (ii) Ta1c (for ceramic coverings)in Ponta Grossa (PR) and, (iii) Kaolinite (Ball-c1ay, for sanitaryware and china pottery) in São Simão (SP). In all of these deposits, the materials were carefu11y c1assified as regards both mineral composition and industrial applications, with detection of both foremost minerals and specimens yet unknown in the deposits. Similarly, the interactive mapping provided by the c1assification of ASTER multispectral data based on selected spectral endmembers permitted the spatial recognition of the abundances, concentrations and existing mineral mixtures in the deposits. The success of the ER in characterizing CMs showed the feasibility of the technique (i) for the recognition of lithologic facies and mineral phases, (ii) for the analysis of geologic materials in situ by portable instruments, (iii) to provide support to the planning of short- to longterm mining and, (iv) for multidisciplinary applications during pre- to contemporary-industrialization stages. Consequently, the main objective of the overall research to characterize a multitude of c1assic Brazilian CMs was achieved, allowing the development of new methods for quality controlled exploitation of distinct ceramic ores. Additionally, the integrated analysis of the data permitted advancements in the understanding of the geometry and genesis of those deposits, which could be utilized in future phases of prospecting of those commodities.DoutoradoMetalogeneseDoutor em Ciência
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Caracterização de argilas de utilização na industria ceramica por espectroscopia de reflectancia
2017Co-Authors: Juliano Alves De SennaAbstract:Resumo: As argilas estão entre as mais importantes matérias primas devido as suas múltiplas funções industriais. No caso especial da indústria de cerâmica, as argilas têm ampla utilidade, sendo o principal produto para a fabricação de louças, porcelanas, revestimentos, entre outros. A caracterização de argilas, do ponto de vista químico, fisico e tecoológico, é um requisito cada vez mais necessário. Entretanto, o planejamento de lavra sucinto, a falta de controle dos padrões requeridos pela indústria e a separação essencialmente subjetiva e empírica das argilas quanto ao uso, fazem com que muitos materiais química e tecnologicamente diferentes sejam classificados como semelliantes, com conseqüências danosas para a extração e industrialização da matéria prima. Considerando as complexidades envolvidas na caracterização de argilas de utilização na indústria cerâmica por métodos convencionais, esta pesquisa objetivou (i) avaliar o potencial da espectroscopia de reftectância como um método aplicável de forma expedita na defmição de tipos e de pureza de argilas; (ii) determinar parâmetros espectrais que possam subsidiar a classificação de argilas quanto ao uso na indústria, com ênfase nos materiais apropriados para a produção de cerâmica de revestimentos e louça sanitária. Dois jazimentos de argila foram estudados: um primeiro, fonte de matéria prima para indústria de revestimentos cerâmicas, explorado pela Mineração Cruzeiro, em Limeira (SP); e outro, fonte de matéria prima para a indústria de porcelana e louça sanitária (incluindo argilas do tipo Ball Clay), explorado pela Mineração Mateus Leme, em São Simão (SP). A Mina de Cruzeiro compreende rochas ricas em argila das Formações Irati, Serra Alta, Corumbataí e Serra Geral (Bacia do Paraná), tendo o horizonte Corumbataí como principal fonte de matéria prima. Com base em métodos e dados obtidos por espectroscopia de reftectância, foi possível construir uma coluna 'espectro-litológica', onde cada compartimento (Formação) e sub-compartimento (grupos da Formação Corumbataí) possui uma assinatura espectral caracteristica, a qual pode ser diretamente relacionada a uma determinada composição e uso (ou não) do material como matéria-prima na indústria cerâmica de revestimentos. No depósito de São Simão, a caracterização das argilas por espectroscopia de reftectância foi plena. Três tipos de argila, hospedados no aluvião do ribeirão Tamanduá, foram separados. Nas argilas brancas foi possível quantificar e detectar as porcentagens de caulinita e seu grau de criStalinidade, argilo-minerais expansivos e micas, e a lepidocrosita (inédita em depósitos aluvionares brasileiros). Nas argilas cinzas, também cauliníticas, a matéria orgânica tem intima relação com a presença dos argilo-minerais expansivos. As argilas marrons possuem a maior quantidade de caulinita e de variedades bem estruturadas e cristalinas; os argilo-minerais expansivos ocorrem numa proporção ideal em relação a caulinita, conferindo maior plasticidade geral ao material; a siderita, identificada pela primeira vez no aluvião, também é comum nessas argilas. Cada grupo de argilas caracterizadas no depósito de São Simão como distintas do ponto de vista espectral, coincidentemente tem uma aplicação específica na indústria de cerâmica fina. Considerando o caráter exploratório desta pesquisa, que buscou, aparentemente pela primeira vez, utilizar a espectroscopia de reftectância e técnicas relacionadas para caracterização de argihls empregadas como matéria-prima na indústria cerâmica, os resultados foram muito promissoresAbstract: Clays are among the ver)' important primary, raw materiais due to their broad spectrum uses in the industIy. In the specific case of the ceramic industl)', cIays are used in many fields, incIuding the manufacturing of porcelains, pottery, chimney-flue tile, roofing tile, conduit, light-weight aggregate, floor tile, sewer pipe, drain tile and so on. The characterization of cIays from the physical, chemical, and ceramic standpoint in pre- and -within mining stages is a must in modero industry. However, succinct mining planning, lack of industry-oriented standards and the usual bond to empirical discrimination of Clays as regards their use, put chemically and technologically different materiais as similar standards, with serious consequences to the mining and manufacturing industry. Considering the intrinsic complexities involved in characterizing ceramic industry-aimed materiais by conventional methods, this works aims: (i) to evaluate the potential of reflectance spectroscopy as a relevant, expedite method to define types and purity of cIays; (ii) to study the possibility to relate cIays' spectral variables and parameters to their specific uses in the ceramic industIy, with emphasis on the materiais employed in the manufacturing of porcelains and floor tiles. T wo cIay deposits were investigated in this study: One, named 'Cruzeiro', is located in Limeira (São Paulo) , and is a source of cIays to the tile industIy; the other, named São Simão, is located in the analogous town, hosts important Ball cIay-type deposits and it is an important source of primary materiais to the porcelain industIy. The Cruzeiro deposit comprises cIay-rich sediments of the Irati, Serra Alta and Corumbataí Formations (paraná Basin stratigraphic units), although the Corumbataí strata are the main source of Clays. Using reflectance spectroscopy methods and data, it was possible to built a 'spectro-lithological' column, where every compartment (Formation) and sub-divisions of the Corumbataí Formation show an unambiguous spectral signature. This signature can be directly related to cIay composition and possible uses (or not) for these cIays in the tile manufacturing industry. The São Simão days are associated to the Tamanduá river alluvium deposits, where three types of cIays were spectrally distinguished on the basis of reflectance spectroscopy methods and data. The white cIays comprise kaolinite with several degrees of crystallinity, expansive cIay mineraIs, micas and lepidocrosite (an unique fmding in Brazilian alluvium deposits). The gray cIays, also kaolinite-rich, display an intrinsic relation between organic matter and expansive cIay minerais. The brown cIays show the highest content of well-ordered, highly crystalline kaolinites; they contain expansive cIay minerais, which occur in an ideal proportion to kaolinite, conferring more plasticity to the cIays; and they also host some amounts of siderite (first time found in this alluvium). Each ofthese cIay groups characterized in the São Simão deposit coincidentally has a specific application in the fine ceramics industry. In view of the exploratory nature of this research, the results using reflectance spectroscopy to characterize particular industIy-aimed cIays proved very promisin
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characterization of Clays used in the ceramic manufacturing industry by reflectance spectroscopy an experiment in the sao simao Ball Clay deposit brazil
Applied Clay Science, 2008Co-Authors: Juliano Alves De Senna, Carlos Roberto De Souza Filho, Romulo Simoes AngelicaAbstract:The characterization of Clays from the physical, chemical, and ceramic standpoint in pre-and-within mining stages is a necessary step. However, succinct mining planning, lack of industry-oriented standards and the usual bond to empirical discrimination of Clays as regards their use, imply in mixing chemically and technologically different materials, with serious consequences to the mining and manufacturing process. Taking the alluvium-derived, Ball-Clay deposit of Sao Simao (SS) as a case study, this works aims to evaluate the potential of reflectance spectroscopy (RS) as a method to define types, purity and crystallinity of Clays and to seek a possible relation between spectral characteristics of Clays and their use in the ceramic industry. The SS deposit hosts three types of Clays that were spectrally set apart based on RS. The technique indicated that the white Clays comprise highly ordered kaolinite, mica, smectite and lepidocrosite (first finding in Brazilian alluviums). The brown Clays are also rich in well-ordered kaolinite and contain abundant Fe-bearing minerals, as goethite, hematite and siderite (rarely found in alluviums). The gray Clays are kaolinite-poor and are abundant in organic matter and smectites. Each of the Clay classes typified in the SS deposit has a specific application in the fine ceramic industry, indicating the prominent potential of RS to characterize industrial materials.
Nicolas M Rendtorff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thermal behavior of samarium oxide Ball Clay mixtures for high macroscopic neutron capture cross section ceramic materials
Applied Clay Science, 2019Co-Authors: Maria S Herrera, M F Hernandez, Mariano Cipollone, Maria Susana Conconi, Nicolas M RendtorffAbstract:Abstract The effect of the addition of samarium oxide (Sm2O3) in the thermal behavior of (66%) kaolinitic Ball Clay was studied and compared with the pure Clay. The incorporation of Sm2O3 is of technological interest for the design of smart traceable ceramic proppants used for unconventional gas and oil well stimulation. These high macroscopic neutron capture cross section proppants are used to obtain relevant information, such as the location and height of the created hydraulic fractures, through a neutron based detection technology. The study comprised a set of thermal analysis up to 1400 °C and the sintering behavior of the Clay, up to 5% of addition. The developed texture and microstructure was also assessed. A simple mechanical characterization was performed as well. No important effects in kaolinite dehydration temperature (500–600 °C); and mullites formation (primary and secondary) were observed (990 and ≈1200 °C). The sintering range of the studied Clay is 1080–1360 °C; the 5% wt. addition resulted in 80 °C decrease of the final sintering temperature, due to the more active flux nature of the added oxide. Mixtures fired at 1250 and 1400 °C resulted in dense ceramic materials with mullite as principal crystalline phase accompanied by quartz and cristobalite; imbibed in a viscous glassy phase which was proportionally increased by the added oxide. The mullite content and cell parameters were not affected. No samarium containing binary or ternary crystalline phases were detected, inferring that the rare earth is dissolved by the active viscous glassy phase thermally formed from the Clay crystalline phases. No significant effect was observed in the spherical diametral compression test. Low concentration addition of the oxide did not affect the porosity or water absorption of the developed ceramics. Only the 5% wt. addition resulted in a noticeably higher de-sinterization with the appearance of macro-porosity if fired at 1400 °C.
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ceramic behavior of Ball Clay with gadolinium oxide gd2o3 addition
Applied Clay Science, 2017Co-Authors: Maria S Herrera, M F Hernandez, Mariano Cipollone, Maria Susana Conconi, Nicolas M RendtorffAbstract:Abstract The effect of the addition of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) in the thermal behavior of a (66%) kaolinitic Ball Clay was studied and compared with the pure Clay. The incorporation of Gd2O3 is of technological interest for the design of smart ceramic proppants used for unconventional gas and oil well stimulation. This proppant material is used to obtain important information, such as the location and height of the created hydraulic fractures. The studied comprised a set of thermal analysis up to 1400 °C and the sintering behavior of the Clay, up to 5% addition. The developed texture and microstructure was also assessed. No important effects in kaolinite dehydration temperature and mullites (primary and secondary) formation were observed (500–600 and 990 °C). The sintering range of the studied Clay is 1080–1360 °C; the 5% wt. addition resulted in 80 °C decrease of the final sintering temperature. Mixtures fired at 1250 and 1400 °C resulted in dense ceramic materials with mullite as principal crystalline phase accompanied by quartz and cristobalite; imbibed in a viscous glassy phase which was proportionally increased by the added oxide. The mullite content and cell parameters were not affected. No gadolinium containing binary or ternary crystalline phases were detected, inferring that the rare earth is dissolved by the active viscous glassy phase thermally formed from the Clay crystalline phases. Low concentration addition of the oxide did not affect the porosity or water absorption of the developed ceramics. Only the 5% wt. addition resulted in a slightly higher de-sinterization with the appearance of macro-porosity if fired at 1400 °C.
M F Hernandez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thermal behavior of samarium oxide Ball Clay mixtures for high macroscopic neutron capture cross section ceramic materials
Applied Clay Science, 2019Co-Authors: Maria S Herrera, M F Hernandez, Mariano Cipollone, Maria Susana Conconi, Nicolas M RendtorffAbstract:Abstract The effect of the addition of samarium oxide (Sm2O3) in the thermal behavior of (66%) kaolinitic Ball Clay was studied and compared with the pure Clay. The incorporation of Sm2O3 is of technological interest for the design of smart traceable ceramic proppants used for unconventional gas and oil well stimulation. These high macroscopic neutron capture cross section proppants are used to obtain relevant information, such as the location and height of the created hydraulic fractures, through a neutron based detection technology. The study comprised a set of thermal analysis up to 1400 °C and the sintering behavior of the Clay, up to 5% of addition. The developed texture and microstructure was also assessed. A simple mechanical characterization was performed as well. No important effects in kaolinite dehydration temperature (500–600 °C); and mullites formation (primary and secondary) were observed (990 and ≈1200 °C). The sintering range of the studied Clay is 1080–1360 °C; the 5% wt. addition resulted in 80 °C decrease of the final sintering temperature, due to the more active flux nature of the added oxide. Mixtures fired at 1250 and 1400 °C resulted in dense ceramic materials with mullite as principal crystalline phase accompanied by quartz and cristobalite; imbibed in a viscous glassy phase which was proportionally increased by the added oxide. The mullite content and cell parameters were not affected. No samarium containing binary or ternary crystalline phases were detected, inferring that the rare earth is dissolved by the active viscous glassy phase thermally formed from the Clay crystalline phases. No significant effect was observed in the spherical diametral compression test. Low concentration addition of the oxide did not affect the porosity or water absorption of the developed ceramics. Only the 5% wt. addition resulted in a noticeably higher de-sinterization with the appearance of macro-porosity if fired at 1400 °C.
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ceramic behavior of Ball Clay with gadolinium oxide gd2o3 addition
Applied Clay Science, 2017Co-Authors: Maria S Herrera, M F Hernandez, Mariano Cipollone, Maria Susana Conconi, Nicolas M RendtorffAbstract:Abstract The effect of the addition of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) in the thermal behavior of a (66%) kaolinitic Ball Clay was studied and compared with the pure Clay. The incorporation of Gd2O3 is of technological interest for the design of smart ceramic proppants used for unconventional gas and oil well stimulation. This proppant material is used to obtain important information, such as the location and height of the created hydraulic fractures. The studied comprised a set of thermal analysis up to 1400 °C and the sintering behavior of the Clay, up to 5% addition. The developed texture and microstructure was also assessed. No important effects in kaolinite dehydration temperature and mullites (primary and secondary) formation were observed (500–600 and 990 °C). The sintering range of the studied Clay is 1080–1360 °C; the 5% wt. addition resulted in 80 °C decrease of the final sintering temperature. Mixtures fired at 1250 and 1400 °C resulted in dense ceramic materials with mullite as principal crystalline phase accompanied by quartz and cristobalite; imbibed in a viscous glassy phase which was proportionally increased by the added oxide. The mullite content and cell parameters were not affected. No gadolinium containing binary or ternary crystalline phases were detected, inferring that the rare earth is dissolved by the active viscous glassy phase thermally formed from the Clay crystalline phases. Low concentration addition of the oxide did not affect the porosity or water absorption of the developed ceramics. Only the 5% wt. addition resulted in a slightly higher de-sinterization with the appearance of macro-porosity if fired at 1400 °C.
Azeman Mustafa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fabrication and characterization of mullite ceramic hollow fiber membrane from natural occurring Ball Clay
Applied Clay Science, 2019Co-Authors: Mohd Haiqal Abd Aziz, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Nur Awanis Hashim, Mohd Ridhwan Adam, Azeman MustafaAbstract:Abstract This work aims to study the physico-chemical and permeation properties of ceramic hollow fiber microfiltration (MF) membranes. Ball Clay from Perak, Malaysia was used as an alternative starting material for membrane preparation. The membranes were prepared at various solid loadings (37.5 to 50 wt%) and sintering temperatures (1150 to 1300 °C) via phase inversion-based extrusion/sintering method. Prior to membrane fabrication, the as-received Ball Clay underwent pre-treatment and was characterized using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Metasizer 3000), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Sintered hollow fiber membranes were characterized in terms of crystalline phase using thin-film XRD, surface morphology via scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical property using 3-point (3p) method, wall thickness, porosity, pore size distribution and permeation property. XRD patterns show that the Ball Clay contains 85.9% kaolinite, 9.5% illite, 3.6% quartz and 1% maghemite. After sintering, the major phase of the hollow fiber membranes transformed into mullite (91 to 94%) with minor traces of quartz. The membranes' properties strongly depend on both solid loading and sintering temperature. Moreover, when the hollow fiber membrane with solid loading of 47.5 wt% was sintered at 1250 °C, its mechanical strength (55.8 ± 5.8 MPa) was comparable to that of purity-based ceramic hollow fiber membranes. The membrane has an average porosity and pore size of about 50.5 ± 2.1% and 0.61 μm, respectively, which are within microfiltration range, and has an average pure water flux of 1286 ± 181 L/m2.hr. Compared with its high purity metal oxide ceramic counterparts, this alternative Ball Clay-based hollow fiber membrane can be sintered at lower sintering temperature while exhibiting comparable mechanical strength and water flux.
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thermal behavior of samarium oxide Ball Clay mixtures for high macroscopic neutron capture cross section ceramic materials
Applied Clay Science, 2019Co-Authors: Maria S Herrera, M F Hernandez, Mariano Cipollone, Maria Susana Conconi, Nicolas M RendtorffAbstract:Abstract The effect of the addition of samarium oxide (Sm2O3) in the thermal behavior of (66%) kaolinitic Ball Clay was studied and compared with the pure Clay. The incorporation of Sm2O3 is of technological interest for the design of smart traceable ceramic proppants used for unconventional gas and oil well stimulation. These high macroscopic neutron capture cross section proppants are used to obtain relevant information, such as the location and height of the created hydraulic fractures, through a neutron based detection technology. The study comprised a set of thermal analysis up to 1400 °C and the sintering behavior of the Clay, up to 5% of addition. The developed texture and microstructure was also assessed. A simple mechanical characterization was performed as well. No important effects in kaolinite dehydration temperature (500–600 °C); and mullites formation (primary and secondary) were observed (990 and ≈1200 °C). The sintering range of the studied Clay is 1080–1360 °C; the 5% wt. addition resulted in 80 °C decrease of the final sintering temperature, due to the more active flux nature of the added oxide. Mixtures fired at 1250 and 1400 °C resulted in dense ceramic materials with mullite as principal crystalline phase accompanied by quartz and cristobalite; imbibed in a viscous glassy phase which was proportionally increased by the added oxide. The mullite content and cell parameters were not affected. No samarium containing binary or ternary crystalline phases were detected, inferring that the rare earth is dissolved by the active viscous glassy phase thermally formed from the Clay crystalline phases. No significant effect was observed in the spherical diametral compression test. Low concentration addition of the oxide did not affect the porosity or water absorption of the developed ceramics. Only the 5% wt. addition resulted in a noticeably higher de-sinterization with the appearance of macro-porosity if fired at 1400 °C.
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ceramic behavior of Ball Clay with gadolinium oxide gd2o3 addition
Applied Clay Science, 2017Co-Authors: Maria S Herrera, M F Hernandez, Mariano Cipollone, Maria Susana Conconi, Nicolas M RendtorffAbstract:Abstract The effect of the addition of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) in the thermal behavior of a (66%) kaolinitic Ball Clay was studied and compared with the pure Clay. The incorporation of Gd2O3 is of technological interest for the design of smart ceramic proppants used for unconventional gas and oil well stimulation. This proppant material is used to obtain important information, such as the location and height of the created hydraulic fractures. The studied comprised a set of thermal analysis up to 1400 °C and the sintering behavior of the Clay, up to 5% addition. The developed texture and microstructure was also assessed. No important effects in kaolinite dehydration temperature and mullites (primary and secondary) formation were observed (500–600 and 990 °C). The sintering range of the studied Clay is 1080–1360 °C; the 5% wt. addition resulted in 80 °C decrease of the final sintering temperature. Mixtures fired at 1250 and 1400 °C resulted in dense ceramic materials with mullite as principal crystalline phase accompanied by quartz and cristobalite; imbibed in a viscous glassy phase which was proportionally increased by the added oxide. The mullite content and cell parameters were not affected. No gadolinium containing binary or ternary crystalline phases were detected, inferring that the rare earth is dissolved by the active viscous glassy phase thermally formed from the Clay crystalline phases. Low concentration addition of the oxide did not affect the porosity or water absorption of the developed ceramics. Only the 5% wt. addition resulted in a slightly higher de-sinterization with the appearance of macro-porosity if fired at 1400 °C.
