The Experts below are selected from a list of 1440 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Ferjani Dhouha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of bottom topography on large-scale decadal basin modes
    'Journal of Marine Research Yale', 2013
    Co-Authors: Ferjani Dhouha, Huck Thierry, Colin De Verdiere, Alain
    Abstract:

    International audienceThe influence of bottom topography on the generic properties of the Baroclinic basin modes is investigated through linear stability analysis of a two-layer shallow water ocean model. Various idealized bottom profiles imitating a mid-ocean ridge and continental slopes are analyzed in an extratropical β-plane closed basin. Only large-scale features are examined, the eddy effects being parametrized as turbulent eddy viscosity that allows the selection of large-scale eigenmodes. At coarse resolution, the largest-scale lowest-frequency Baroclinic modes appear as the least damped modes. For scales much larger than the internal deformation radius, the damping rate is relatively independent of dissipation, the mode energy—mostly potential—being depleted by lateral dissipation work. The damping rate of the leading Baroclinic mode is found to be weakly sensitive to bottom topography, while the decadal period is shortened by bottom undulations. The mechanism of modal decay is rationalized through energy and vorticity budgets for the barotropic and Baroclinic components, to characterize the energy routes and conversions. For small amplitude topography, the barotropic flow results accurately from the interaction of the flat-bottomed Baroclinic Motion with the topographic height: it is found to be three times stronger within closed potential vorticity contours than with blocked contours. However, the conversion of energy from the Baroclinic to the barotropic mode remains weaker than the frictional processes

  • "Variabilité décennale de la circualtion océanique et modes de bassin : influence de la topographie et de la circulation moyenne."
    HAL CCSD, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ferjani Dhouha
    Abstract:

    One of the potential mechanisms at the origin of climatic variability on decadal to multidecadal timescales is the thermohaline oscillation corresponding to large-scale and low frequency basin modes that result from the interaction between long planetary waves and fast inertia-gravity waves during the adjustment process. However, most of the studies dealing with this decadal oscillation were carried out in a simplified flat bottom or reduced-gravity quasigeostrophic context.This dissertation aims to study the effect of bottom topography and mean flow on the characteristics of the gravest Baroclinic basin modes in a mid-latitude idealized ocean basin. To that end, we make use of a two-layer shallow water (SW) model. Different bathymetries such as a flat bottom, a mid-ocean ridge and continental slopes are studied. Getting the eigenvectors from the linearized model through linear stability analysis around a state of rest reveals that (1) the selection of these modes is set by the explicit dissipation introduced in the model, (2) the oscillation period and decay rate are weakly sensitive to the form and height of the topography. Vorticity and energy budgets are computed in order to give a rationale for the decaying role of the topography via energy conversion from the Baroclinic to the barotropic mode. Indeed, the barotropic flow absent in a flat bottom, results accurately from the interaction of the flat-bottomed Baroclinic Motion with the topographic height. However, the energy conversion under the JEBAR effect remains weaker with respect to the frictional processes.A stationary circulation is now included through wind or thermal forcing. Temporal integrations of the nonlinear model perturbed by coherent Baroclinic structures with a gaussian eddy form show the strong interaction between the vortex and the topography. This interaction implies: (1) a westward acceleration of the zonal phase speed (with respect to the classic flat-bottom result), (2) a barotropic circulation built up by the conversion of the Baroclinic energy into a barotropic one, and (3) an eddy sign-dependent meridional migration, even in the absence of nonlinear advection. Moreover, the decadal basin mode strongly damped by the topography and the dissipation shows a decrease of its decay rate by the large scale stationary forcing. Its oscillation period is found to be a strong function of the meridional migration of the eastward advection by the mean flow: it is shortened (T ̴ 16 yrs) in the wind-forced experiment and lengthened (T ̴ 22 yrs) with a thermal forcing.Un des mécanismes proposés pour expliquer l'origine de la variabilité climatique sur des périodes décennales à multidécennales est une oscillation propre de la circulation océanique thermohaline. Son mécanisme s'apparente aux modes de bassin basse fréquence et grande échelle qui résultent de l'interaction entre les ondes lentes planétaires et les ondes rapides de bord au cours du processus d'ajustement du bassin. Toutefois, la plupart des études de ce prototype oscillation décennale ont été menées dans des contextes simplifiés quasi-géostrophiques, à gravité réduite ou à fond plat. On se propose dans ce travail de thèse d'étudier l'effet de la topographie du fond et de la circulation moyenne sur les caractéristiques des modes de bassin baroclines. On utilise un modèle shallow water à deux couches verticales avec surface libre. Différentes bathymétries analytiques type fond plat, dorsale médio-océanique et pentes continentales sont étudiées.L'obtention des vecteurs propres du modèle linéarisé par analyse de stabilité linéaire autour d'un état au repos révèle que (1) la sélection de ces modes à basse résolution s'établit par la dissipation explicite introduite dans le modèle, (2) la période décennale et l'amortissement du mode le moins amorti sont faiblement sensibles à la topographie. Les budgets d'énergie et de vorticité de ces modes sont calculés dans le but de rationaliser le rôle amortisseur de la topographie via la conversion d'énergie qui a lieu entre les modes barotrope et barocline. En effet, une circulation barotrope, absente à fond plat, émerge à travers l'interaction entre le mode barocline à fond plat et la topographie. Toutefois, cette conversion d'énergie sous l'effet JEBAR demeure faible comparée aux processus visqueux.En présence d'une circulation stationnaire forcée par le vent et les flux de chaleur, les intégrations temporelles du modèle nonlinéaire perturbé par des structures baroclines cohérentes type tourbillons gaussiens montrent la forte interaction entre le vortex et la topographie. Cette interaction se manisfeste par : (1) une accélération de la vitesse de phase vers l'ouest par rapport au résultat à fond plat, (2) une circulation barotrope construite par la conversion de l'énergie barocline en barotrope, et (3) un déplacement méridien de l'anomalie dépendant de son signe même en l'absence d'advection nonlinéaire.Par ailleurs, le mode majeur de variabilité barocline, fortement amorti par la topographie et la dissipation dans la configuration non forcée paraît renforcé par l'écoulement stationnaire qui diminue son taux d'amortissement. Sa période d'oscillation développe une dépendance à la migration méridienne de l'advection zonale par l'écoulement moyen: elle est raccourcie (T ̴ 16 ans) pour le forçage par le vent et rallongée (T ̴ 22 ans) pour le forçage par les flux de chaleur

  • Decadal ocean circulation variability and basin modes
    2013
    Co-Authors: Ferjani Dhouha
    Abstract:

    Un des mécanismes proposés pour expliquer l'origine de la variabilité climatique sur des périodes décennales à multidécennales est une oscillation propre de la circulation océanique thermohaline. Son mécanisme s'apparente aux modes de bassin basse fréquence et grande échelle qui résultent de l'interaction entre les ondes lentes planétaires et les ondes rapides de bord au cours du processus d'ajustement du bassin. Toutefois, la plupart des études de ce prototype oscillation décennale ont été menées dans des contextes simplifiés quasi-géostrophiques, à gravité réduite ou à fond plat. On se propose dans ce travail de thèse d'étudier l'effet de la topographie du fond et de la circulation moyenne sur les caractéristiques des modes de bassin baroclines. On utilise un modèle shallow water à deux couches verticales avec surface libre. Différentes bathymétries analytiques type fond plat, dorsale médio-océanique et pentes continentales sont étudiées.L'obtention des vecteurs propres du modèle linéarisé par analyse de stabilité linéaire autour d'un état au repos révèle que (1) la sélection de ces modes à basse résolution s'établit par la dissipation explicite introduite dans le modèle, (2) la période décennale et l'amortissement du mode le moins amorti sont faiblement sensibles à la topographie. Les budgets d'énergie et de vorticité de ces modes sont calculés dans le but de rationaliser le rôle amortisseur de la topographie via la conversion d'énergie qui a lieu entre les modes barotrope et barocline. En effet, une circulation barotrope, absente à fond plat, émerge à travers l'interaction entre le mode barocline à fond plat et la topographie. Toutefois, cette conversion d'énergie sous l'effet JEBAR demeure faible comparée aux processus visqueux.En présence d'une circulation stationnaire forcée par le vent et les flux de chaleur, les intégrations temporelles du modèle nonlinéaire perturbé par des structures baroclines cohérentes type tourbillons gaussiens montrent la forte interaction entre le vortex et la topographie. Cette interaction se manisfeste par : (1) une accélération de la vitesse de phase vers l'ouest par rapport au résultat à fond plat, (2) une circulation barotrope construite par la conversion de l'énergie barocline en barotrope, et (3) un déplacement méridien de l'anomalie dépendant de son signe même en l'absence d'advection nonlinéaire.Par ailleurs, le mode majeur de variabilité barocline, fortement amorti par la topographie et la dissipation dans la configuration non forcée paraît renforcé par l'écoulement stationnaire qui diminue son taux d'amortissement. Sa période d'oscillation développe une dépendance à la migration méridienne de l'advection zonale par l'écoulement moyen: elle est raccourcie (T ̴ 16 ans) pour le forçage par le vent et rallongée (T ̴ 22 ans) pour le forçage par les flux de chaleur.One of the potential mechanisms at the origin of climatic variability on decadal to multidecadal timescales is the thermohaline oscillation corresponding to large-scale and low frequency basin modes that result from the interaction between long planetary waves and fast inertia-gravity waves during the adjustment process. However, most of the studies dealing with this decadal oscillation were carried out in a simplified flat bottom or reduced-gravity quasigeostrophic context.This dissertation aims to study the effect of bottom topography and mean flow on the characteristics of the gravest Baroclinic basin modes in a mid-latitude idealized ocean basin. To that end, we make use of a two-layer shallow water (SW) model. Different bathymetries such as a flat bottom, a mid-ocean ridge and continental slopes are studied. Getting the eigenvectors from the linearized model through linear stability analysis around a state of rest reveals that (1) the selection of these modes is set by the explicit dissipation introduced in the model, (2) the oscillation period and decay rate are weakly sensitive to the form and height of the topography. Vorticity and energy budgets are computed in order to give a rationale for the decaying role of the topography via energy conversion from the Baroclinic to the barotropic mode. Indeed, the barotropic flow absent in a flat bottom, results accurately from the interaction of the flat-bottomed Baroclinic Motion with the topographic height. However, the energy conversion under the JEBAR effect remains weaker with respect to the frictional processes.A stationary circulation is now included through wind or thermal forcing. Temporal integrations of the nonlinear model perturbed by coherent Baroclinic structures with a gaussian eddy form show the strong interaction between the vortex and the topography. This interaction implies: (1) a westward acceleration of the zonal phase speed (with respect to the classic flat-bottom result), (2) a barotropic circulation built up by the conversion of the Baroclinic energy into a barotropic one, and (3) an eddy sign-dependent meridional migration, even in the absence of nonlinear advection. Moreover, the decadal basin mode strongly damped by the topography and the dissipation shows a decrease of its decay rate by the large scale stationary forcing. Its oscillation period is found to be a strong function of the meridional migration of the eastward advection by the mean flow: it is shortened (T ̴ 16 yrs) in the wind-forced experiment and lengthened (T ̴ 22 yrs) with a thermal forcing

Colin De Verdiere, Alain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of bottom topography on large-scale decadal basin modes
    'Journal of Marine Research Yale', 2013
    Co-Authors: Ferjani Dhouha, Huck Thierry, Colin De Verdiere, Alain
    Abstract:

    International audienceThe influence of bottom topography on the generic properties of the Baroclinic basin modes is investigated through linear stability analysis of a two-layer shallow water ocean model. Various idealized bottom profiles imitating a mid-ocean ridge and continental slopes are analyzed in an extratropical β-plane closed basin. Only large-scale features are examined, the eddy effects being parametrized as turbulent eddy viscosity that allows the selection of large-scale eigenmodes. At coarse resolution, the largest-scale lowest-frequency Baroclinic modes appear as the least damped modes. For scales much larger than the internal deformation radius, the damping rate is relatively independent of dissipation, the mode energy—mostly potential—being depleted by lateral dissipation work. The damping rate of the leading Baroclinic mode is found to be weakly sensitive to bottom topography, while the decadal period is shortened by bottom undulations. The mechanism of modal decay is rationalized through energy and vorticity budgets for the barotropic and Baroclinic components, to characterize the energy routes and conversions. For small amplitude topography, the barotropic flow results accurately from the interaction of the flat-bottomed Baroclinic Motion with the topographic height: it is found to be three times stronger within closed potential vorticity contours than with blocked contours. However, the conversion of energy from the Baroclinic to the barotropic mode remains weaker than the frictional processes

Gary T Mitchum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • surface manifestation of internal tides in the deep ocean observations from altimetry and island gauges
    Progress in Oceanography, 1997
    Co-Authors: Richard D Ray, Gary T Mitchum
    Abstract:

    The sea-surface height signatures of internal tides in the deep ocean, amounting to a few centimeters or less, are studied using two complementary measurement types: satellite altimetry and island tide gauges. Altimetry can detect internal tides that maintain coherence with the astronomical forcing; island gauges can monitor temporal variability which, in some circumstances, is due to internal tides varying in response to changes in the oceanic medium. This latter mechanism is at work at Hilo and other stations on the northern coasts of the Hawaiian Islands. By detecting spatially coherent low-frequency internal-tide modulations, the tide gauges, along with inverted echo sounders at sea, suggest that the mean internal tide is also spatially coherent; satellite altimetry confirms this. At Hawaii and in many other places, Topex/Poseidon altimetry detects mean surface waves, spatially coherent and propagating great distances (> 1000 km) before decaying below background noise. When temporal variability is small, the altimetry (plus information on ocean density) sets useful constraints on energy fluxes into internal tides. At the Hawaiian Ridge, 15 GW of tidal power is being converted from barotropic to first-mode Baroclinic Motion. Examples elsewhere warn that a simplistic interpretation of the altimetry, without regard to variability, noise, or in situ information, may be highly misleading. With such uncertainties, extension of the Hawaiian results into a usefully realistic estimate of the global internal-tide energy balance appears premature at this time.

Amy F Waterhouse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • tidally driven processes leading to near field turbulence in a channel at the crest of the mendocino escarpment
    Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ruth Musgrave, Robert Pinkel, Jennifer A Mackinnon, Amy F Waterhouse
    Abstract:

    AbstractIn situ observations of tidally driven turbulence were obtained in a small channel that transects the crest of the Mendocino Ridge, a site of mixed (diurnal and semidiurnal) tides. Diurnal tides are subinertial at this latitude, and once per day a trapped tide leads to large flows through the channel giving rise to tidal excursion lengths comparable to the width of the ridge crest. During these times, energetic turbulence is observed in the channel, with overturns spanning almost half of the full water depth. A high-resolution, nonhydrostatic, 2.5-dimensional simulation is used to interpret the observations in terms of the advection of a breaking tidal lee wave that extends from the ridge crest to the surface and the subsequent development of a hydraulic jump on the flanks of the ridge. Modeled dissipation rates show that turbulence is strongest on the flanks of the ridge and that local dissipation accounts for 28% of the energy converted from the barotropic tide into Baroclinic Motion.

Richard D Ray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • surface manifestation of internal tides in the deep ocean observations from altimetry and island gauges
    Progress in Oceanography, 1997
    Co-Authors: Richard D Ray, Gary T Mitchum
    Abstract:

    The sea-surface height signatures of internal tides in the deep ocean, amounting to a few centimeters or less, are studied using two complementary measurement types: satellite altimetry and island tide gauges. Altimetry can detect internal tides that maintain coherence with the astronomical forcing; island gauges can monitor temporal variability which, in some circumstances, is due to internal tides varying in response to changes in the oceanic medium. This latter mechanism is at work at Hilo and other stations on the northern coasts of the Hawaiian Islands. By detecting spatially coherent low-frequency internal-tide modulations, the tide gauges, along with inverted echo sounders at sea, suggest that the mean internal tide is also spatially coherent; satellite altimetry confirms this. At Hawaii and in many other places, Topex/Poseidon altimetry detects mean surface waves, spatially coherent and propagating great distances (> 1000 km) before decaying below background noise. When temporal variability is small, the altimetry (plus information on ocean density) sets useful constraints on energy fluxes into internal tides. At the Hawaiian Ridge, 15 GW of tidal power is being converted from barotropic to first-mode Baroclinic Motion. Examples elsewhere warn that a simplistic interpretation of the altimetry, without regard to variability, noise, or in situ information, may be highly misleading. With such uncertainties, extension of the Hawaiian results into a usefully realistic estimate of the global internal-tide energy balance appears premature at this time.