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Jochen F. Staiger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inhibitory interneurons and their circuit motifs in the many layers of the Barrel Cortex.
Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Dirk Feldmeyer, Vishalini Emmenegger, Jochen F. StaigerAbstract:Recent years have seen substantial progress in studying the structural and functional properties of GABAergic interneurons and their roles in the neuronal networks of Barrel Cortex. Although GABAergic interneurons represent only about 12% of the total number of neocortical neurons, they are extremely diverse with respect to their structural and functional properties. It has become clear that Barrel Cortex interneurons not only serve the maintenance of an appropriate excitation/inhibition balance but also are directly involved in sensory processing. In this review we present different interneuron types and their axonal projection pattern framework in the context of the laminar and columnar organization of the Barrel Cortex. The main focus is here on the most prominent interneuron types, i.e. basket cells, chandelier cells, Martinotti cells, bipolar/bitufted cells and neurogliaform cells, but interneurons with more unusual axonal domains will also be mentioned. We describe their developmental origin, their classification with respect to molecular, morphological and intrinsic membrane and synaptic properties. Most importantly, we will highlight the most prominent circuit motifs these interneurons are involved in and in which way they serve feed-forward inhibition, feedback inhibition and disinhibition. Finally, this will be put into context to their functional roles in sensory signal perception and processing in the whisker system and beyond.
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characterizing vip neurons in the Barrel Cortex of vipcre tdtomato mice reveals layer specific differences
Cerebral Cortex, 2015Co-Authors: Alvar Prönneke, Bianca Scheuer, Robin J. Wagener, Mirko Witte, Martin Mock, Jochen F. StaigerAbstract:Neocortical GABAergic interneurons have a profound impact on cortical circuitry and its information processing capacity. Distinct subgroups of inhibitory interneurons can be distinguished by molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Among these, VIP-expressing interneurons sparked a substantial interest since these neurons seem to operate disinhibitory circuit motifs found in all major neocortical areas. Several of these recent studies used transgenic Vip-ires-cre mice to specifically target the population of VIP-expressing interneurons. This makes it necessary to elucidate in detail the sensitivity and specificity of Cre expression for VIP neurons in these animals. Thus, we quantitatively compared endogenous tdTomato with Vip fluorescence in situ hybridization and αVIP immunohistochemistry in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato mice in a layer-specific manner. We show that VIPcre/tdTomato mice are highly sensitive and specific for the entire population of VIP-expressing neurons. In the Barrel Cortex, approximately 13% of all GABAergic neurons are VIP expressing. Most VIP neurons are found in layer II/III (∼60%), whereas approximately 40% are found in the other layers of the Barrel Cortex. Layer II/III VIP neurons are significantly different from VIP neurons in layers IV-VI in several morphological and membrane properties, which suggest layer-dependent differences in functionality.
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Characterizing VIP Neurons in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato Mice Reveals Layer-Specific Differences
Cerebral Cortex, 2015Co-Authors: Alvar Prönneke, Bianca Scheuer, Robin J. Wagener, Mirko Witte, Martin Mock, Jochen F. StaigerAbstract:Neocortical GABAergic interneurons have a profound impact on cortical circuitry and its information processing capacity. Distinct subgroups of inhibitory interneurons can be distinguished by molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Among these, VIP-expressing interneurons sparked a substantial interest since these neurons seem to operate disinhibitory circuit motifs found in all major neocortical areas. Several of these recent studies used transgenic Vip-ires-cre mice to specifically target the population of VIP-expressing interneurons. This makes it necessary to elucidate in detail the sensitivity and specificity of Cre expression for VIP neurons in these animals. Thus, we quantitatively compared endogenous tdTomato with Vip fluorescence in situ hybridization and αVIP immunohistochemistry in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato mice in a layer-specific manner. We show that VIPcre/tdTomato mice are highly sensitive and specific for the entire population of VIP-expressing neurons. In the Barrel Cortex, approximately 13% of all GABAergic neurons are VIP expressing. Most VIP neurons are found in layer II/III (∼60%), whereas approximately 40% are found in the other layers of the Barrel Cortex. Layer II/III VIP neurons are significantly different from VIP neurons in layers IV–VI in several morphological and membrane properties, which suggest layer-dependent differences in functionality.
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Immediate-early gene expression in the Barrel Cortex.
Somatosensory & motor research, 2006Co-Authors: Jochen F. StaigerAbstract:Since their detection in the early 1980s immediate-early genes (most of them being inducible transcription factors) have been regarded as molecular keys to the orchestration of late-effector genes that ultimately would enable functional and structural adaptation of the brain to changing external and internal demands. This is called neuronal plasticity and it has been intensively studied in the somatosensory (Barrel) Cortex of rodents. This brain region is intimately involved in the processing and probably also the storage of tactile information, stemming from the large facial whiskers, necessary for object detection or spatial navigation in the environment. On the other hand, several of the inducible transcription factors have been found to function as neuronal activity markers providing a cellular resolution, thus, enabling the cell-type specific mapping of activated neuronal circuits. Some recent data on both topics in the rodent Barrel Cortex will be presented in this topical review.
Alvar Prönneke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterizing vip neurons in the Barrel Cortex of vipcre tdtomato mice reveals layer specific differences
Cerebral Cortex, 2015Co-Authors: Alvar Prönneke, Bianca Scheuer, Robin J. Wagener, Mirko Witte, Martin Mock, Jochen F. StaigerAbstract:Neocortical GABAergic interneurons have a profound impact on cortical circuitry and its information processing capacity. Distinct subgroups of inhibitory interneurons can be distinguished by molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Among these, VIP-expressing interneurons sparked a substantial interest since these neurons seem to operate disinhibitory circuit motifs found in all major neocortical areas. Several of these recent studies used transgenic Vip-ires-cre mice to specifically target the population of VIP-expressing interneurons. This makes it necessary to elucidate in detail the sensitivity and specificity of Cre expression for VIP neurons in these animals. Thus, we quantitatively compared endogenous tdTomato with Vip fluorescence in situ hybridization and αVIP immunohistochemistry in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato mice in a layer-specific manner. We show that VIPcre/tdTomato mice are highly sensitive and specific for the entire population of VIP-expressing neurons. In the Barrel Cortex, approximately 13% of all GABAergic neurons are VIP expressing. Most VIP neurons are found in layer II/III (∼60%), whereas approximately 40% are found in the other layers of the Barrel Cortex. Layer II/III VIP neurons are significantly different from VIP neurons in layers IV-VI in several morphological and membrane properties, which suggest layer-dependent differences in functionality.
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Characterizing VIP Neurons in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato Mice Reveals Layer-Specific Differences
Cerebral Cortex, 2015Co-Authors: Alvar Prönneke, Bianca Scheuer, Robin J. Wagener, Mirko Witte, Martin Mock, Jochen F. StaigerAbstract:Neocortical GABAergic interneurons have a profound impact on cortical circuitry and its information processing capacity. Distinct subgroups of inhibitory interneurons can be distinguished by molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Among these, VIP-expressing interneurons sparked a substantial interest since these neurons seem to operate disinhibitory circuit motifs found in all major neocortical areas. Several of these recent studies used transgenic Vip-ires-cre mice to specifically target the population of VIP-expressing interneurons. This makes it necessary to elucidate in detail the sensitivity and specificity of Cre expression for VIP neurons in these animals. Thus, we quantitatively compared endogenous tdTomato with Vip fluorescence in situ hybridization and αVIP immunohistochemistry in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato mice in a layer-specific manner. We show that VIPcre/tdTomato mice are highly sensitive and specific for the entire population of VIP-expressing neurons. In the Barrel Cortex, approximately 13% of all GABAergic neurons are VIP expressing. Most VIP neurons are found in layer II/III (∼60%), whereas approximately 40% are found in the other layers of the Barrel Cortex. Layer II/III VIP neurons are significantly different from VIP neurons in layers IV–VI in several morphological and membrane properties, which suggest layer-dependent differences in functionality.
Carl C H Petersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cholinergic Signals in Mouse Barrel Cortex during Active Whisker Sensing
Cell reports, 2014Co-Authors: Emmanuel Eggermann, Yves Kremer, Sylvain Crochet, Carl C H PetersenAbstract:Internal brain states affect sensory perception, cognition, and learning. Many neocortical areas exhibit changes in the pattern and synchrony of neuronal activity during quiet versus active behaviors. Active behaviors are typically associated with desynchronized cortical dynamics. Increased thalamic firing contributes importantly to desynchronize mouse Barrel Cortex during active whisker sensing. However, a whisking-related cortical state change persists after thalamic inactivation, which is mediated at least in part by acetylcholine, as we show here by using whole-cell recordings, local pharmacology, axonal calcium imaging, and optogenetic stimulation. During whisking, we find prominent cholinergic signals in the Barrel Cortex, which suppress spontaneous cortical activity. The desynchronized state of Barrel Cortex during whisking is therefore driven by at least two distinct signals with opposing functions: increased thalamic activity driving glutamatergic excitation of the Cortex and increased cholinergic input suppressing spontaneous cortical activity.
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membrane potential correlates of sensory perception in mouse Barrel Cortex
Nature Neuroscience, 2013Co-Authors: Shankar Sachidhanandam, Yves Kremer, Varun Sreenivasan, Alexandros Kyriakatos, Carl C H PetersenAbstract:Neocortical activity can evoke sensory percepts, but the cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We trained mice to detect single brief whisker stimuli and report perceived stimuli by licking to obtain a reward. Pharmacological inactivation and optogenetic stimulation demonstrated a causal role for the primary somatosensory Barrel Cortex. Whole-cell recordings from Barrel Cortex neurons revealed membrane potential correlates of sensory perception. Sensory responses depended strongly on prestimulus cortical state, but both slow-wave and desynchronized cortical states were compatible with task performance. Whisker deflection evoked an early (<50 ms) reliable sensory response that was encoded through cell-specific reversal potentials. A secondary late (50-400 ms) depolarization was enhanced on hit trials compared to misses. Optogenetic inactivation revealed a causal role for late excitation. Our data reveal dynamic processing in the sensory Cortex during task performance, with an early sensory response reliably encoding the stimulus and later secondary activity contributing to driving the subjective percept.
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membrane potential correlates of sensory perception in mouse Barrel Cortex
Nature Neuroscience, 2013Co-Authors: Shankar Sachidhanandam, Yves Kremer, Varun Sreenivasan, Alexandros Kyriakatos, Carl C H PetersenAbstract:Here the authors demonstrate a causal role for the Barrel Cortex in the detection of single whisker stimuli. Whisker deflection evoked an early (<50 ms) reliable sensory response that was encoded through cell-specific reversal potentials. A secondary late (50–400 ms) depolarization was enhanced in hit trials compared to misses. Optogenetic inactivation revealed a causal role for late excitation.
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Membrane potential correlates of sensory perception in mouse Barrel Cortex
Nature neuroscience, 2013Co-Authors: Shankar Sachidhanandam, Yves Kremer, Varun Sreenivasan, Alexandros Kyriakatos, Carl C H PetersenAbstract:Neocortical activity can evoke sensory percepts, but the cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We trained mice to detect single brief whisker stimuli and report perceived stimuli by licking to obtain a reward. Pharmacological inactivation and optogenetic stimulation demonstrated a causal role for the primary somatosensory Barrel Cortex. Whole-cell recordings from Barrel Cortex neurons revealed membrane potential correlates of sensory perception. Sensory responses depended strongly on prestimulus cortical state, but both slow-wave and desynchronized cortical states were compatible with task performance. Whisker deflection evoked an early (
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long range connectivity of mouse primary somatosensory Barrel Cortex
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: Rachel Aronoff, Ferenc Matyas, Celine Mateo, Carine Ciron, Bernard L Schneider, Carl C H PetersenAbstract:The primary somatosensory Barrel Cortex processes tactile vibrissae information, allowing rodents to actively perceive spatial and textural features of their immediate surroundings. Each whisker on the snout is individually represented in the neoCortex by an anatomically identifiable 'Barrel' specified by the segregated termination zones of thalamocortical axons of the ventroposterior medial nucleus, which provide the primary sensory input to the neoCortex. The sensory information is subsequently processed within local synaptically connected neocortical microcircuits, which have begun to be investigated in quantitative detail. In addition to these local synaptic microcircuits, the excitatory pyramidal neurons of the Barrel Cortex send and receive long-range glutamatergic axonal projections to and from a wide variety of specific brain regions. Much less is known about these long-range connections and their contribution to sensory processing. Here, we review current knowledge of the long-range axonal input and output of the mouse primary somatosensory Barrel Cortex. Prominent reciprocal projections are found between primary somatosensory Cortex and secondary somatosensory Cortex, motor Cortex, perirhinal Cortex and thalamus. Primary somatosensory Barrel Cortex also projects strongly to striatum, thalamic reticular nucleus, zona incerta, anterior pretectal nucleus, superior colliculus, pons, red nucleus and spinal trigeminal brain stem nuclei. These long-range connections of the Barrel Cortex with other specific cortical and subcortical brain regions are likely to play a crucial role in sensorimotor integration, sensory perception and associative learning.
Bianca Scheuer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterizing vip neurons in the Barrel Cortex of vipcre tdtomato mice reveals layer specific differences
Cerebral Cortex, 2015Co-Authors: Alvar Prönneke, Bianca Scheuer, Robin J. Wagener, Mirko Witte, Martin Mock, Jochen F. StaigerAbstract:Neocortical GABAergic interneurons have a profound impact on cortical circuitry and its information processing capacity. Distinct subgroups of inhibitory interneurons can be distinguished by molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Among these, VIP-expressing interneurons sparked a substantial interest since these neurons seem to operate disinhibitory circuit motifs found in all major neocortical areas. Several of these recent studies used transgenic Vip-ires-cre mice to specifically target the population of VIP-expressing interneurons. This makes it necessary to elucidate in detail the sensitivity and specificity of Cre expression for VIP neurons in these animals. Thus, we quantitatively compared endogenous tdTomato with Vip fluorescence in situ hybridization and αVIP immunohistochemistry in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato mice in a layer-specific manner. We show that VIPcre/tdTomato mice are highly sensitive and specific for the entire population of VIP-expressing neurons. In the Barrel Cortex, approximately 13% of all GABAergic neurons are VIP expressing. Most VIP neurons are found in layer II/III (∼60%), whereas approximately 40% are found in the other layers of the Barrel Cortex. Layer II/III VIP neurons are significantly different from VIP neurons in layers IV-VI in several morphological and membrane properties, which suggest layer-dependent differences in functionality.
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Characterizing VIP Neurons in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato Mice Reveals Layer-Specific Differences
Cerebral Cortex, 2015Co-Authors: Alvar Prönneke, Bianca Scheuer, Robin J. Wagener, Mirko Witte, Martin Mock, Jochen F. StaigerAbstract:Neocortical GABAergic interneurons have a profound impact on cortical circuitry and its information processing capacity. Distinct subgroups of inhibitory interneurons can be distinguished by molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Among these, VIP-expressing interneurons sparked a substantial interest since these neurons seem to operate disinhibitory circuit motifs found in all major neocortical areas. Several of these recent studies used transgenic Vip-ires-cre mice to specifically target the population of VIP-expressing interneurons. This makes it necessary to elucidate in detail the sensitivity and specificity of Cre expression for VIP neurons in these animals. Thus, we quantitatively compared endogenous tdTomato with Vip fluorescence in situ hybridization and αVIP immunohistochemistry in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato mice in a layer-specific manner. We show that VIPcre/tdTomato mice are highly sensitive and specific for the entire population of VIP-expressing neurons. In the Barrel Cortex, approximately 13% of all GABAergic neurons are VIP expressing. Most VIP neurons are found in layer II/III (∼60%), whereas approximately 40% are found in the other layers of the Barrel Cortex. Layer II/III VIP neurons are significantly different from VIP neurons in layers IV–VI in several morphological and membrane properties, which suggest layer-dependent differences in functionality.
Robin J. Wagener - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterizing vip neurons in the Barrel Cortex of vipcre tdtomato mice reveals layer specific differences
Cerebral Cortex, 2015Co-Authors: Alvar Prönneke, Bianca Scheuer, Robin J. Wagener, Mirko Witte, Martin Mock, Jochen F. StaigerAbstract:Neocortical GABAergic interneurons have a profound impact on cortical circuitry and its information processing capacity. Distinct subgroups of inhibitory interneurons can be distinguished by molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Among these, VIP-expressing interneurons sparked a substantial interest since these neurons seem to operate disinhibitory circuit motifs found in all major neocortical areas. Several of these recent studies used transgenic Vip-ires-cre mice to specifically target the population of VIP-expressing interneurons. This makes it necessary to elucidate in detail the sensitivity and specificity of Cre expression for VIP neurons in these animals. Thus, we quantitatively compared endogenous tdTomato with Vip fluorescence in situ hybridization and αVIP immunohistochemistry in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato mice in a layer-specific manner. We show that VIPcre/tdTomato mice are highly sensitive and specific for the entire population of VIP-expressing neurons. In the Barrel Cortex, approximately 13% of all GABAergic neurons are VIP expressing. Most VIP neurons are found in layer II/III (∼60%), whereas approximately 40% are found in the other layers of the Barrel Cortex. Layer II/III VIP neurons are significantly different from VIP neurons in layers IV-VI in several morphological and membrane properties, which suggest layer-dependent differences in functionality.
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Characterizing VIP Neurons in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato Mice Reveals Layer-Specific Differences
Cerebral Cortex, 2015Co-Authors: Alvar Prönneke, Bianca Scheuer, Robin J. Wagener, Mirko Witte, Martin Mock, Jochen F. StaigerAbstract:Neocortical GABAergic interneurons have a profound impact on cortical circuitry and its information processing capacity. Distinct subgroups of inhibitory interneurons can be distinguished by molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Among these, VIP-expressing interneurons sparked a substantial interest since these neurons seem to operate disinhibitory circuit motifs found in all major neocortical areas. Several of these recent studies used transgenic Vip-ires-cre mice to specifically target the population of VIP-expressing interneurons. This makes it necessary to elucidate in detail the sensitivity and specificity of Cre expression for VIP neurons in these animals. Thus, we quantitatively compared endogenous tdTomato with Vip fluorescence in situ hybridization and αVIP immunohistochemistry in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato mice in a layer-specific manner. We show that VIPcre/tdTomato mice are highly sensitive and specific for the entire population of VIP-expressing neurons. In the Barrel Cortex, approximately 13% of all GABAergic neurons are VIP expressing. Most VIP neurons are found in layer II/III (∼60%), whereas approximately 40% are found in the other layers of the Barrel Cortex. Layer II/III VIP neurons are significantly different from VIP neurons in layers IV–VI in several morphological and membrane properties, which suggest layer-dependent differences in functionality.
