The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marie Loden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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artificial reduction in transepidermal water loss improves skin Barrier Function
British Journal of Dermatology, 2007Co-Authors: Iwona Buraczewska, U Brostrom, Marie LodenAbstract:Summary Background Artificial reduction of abnormal transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is considered to improve skin diseases associated with a defective Barrier Function. Treatment of the skin with moisturizers is also known to influence skin Barrier Function. Whether or not differences in occlusion between creams contribute to their effects on the skin Barrier Function is unknown. Objectives To investigate the long-term effects of a semipermeable membrane on the skin Barrier Function in normal skin. In addition, the occlusive properties of two creams were studied. Methods The study was randomized, controlled and evaluator-blind using measurement of TEWL and skin susceptibility to sodium lauryl sulphate as indicators of skin Barrier Function. Results Coating of the skin with a silicone membrane for 23 h per day for 3 weeks improved skin Barrier Function, whereas no significant changes were found after using the membrane for 8 h per day. Conclusions Differences between creams in terms of their effect on skin Barrier Function cannot be solely explained by their occlusive properties.
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changes in skin Barrier Function following long term treatment with moisturizers a randomized controlled trial
British Journal of Dermatology, 2007Co-Authors: Iwona Buraczewska, Berit Berne, Magnus Lindberg, Hans Torma, Marie LodenAbstract:Summary Background Moisturizers are commonly used by patients with dry skin conditions as well as people with healthy skin. Previous studies on short-term treatment have shown that moisturizers can weaken or strengthen skin Barrier Function and also influence skin Barrier recovery. However, knowledge of the effects on skin Barrier Function of long-term treatment with moisturizers is still scarce. Objectives To investigate the impact of long-term treatment with moisturizers on the Barrier Function of normal skin, as measured by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and susceptibility to an irritant, and to relate those effects to the composition of the designed experimental moisturizers. Methods Volunteers (n = 78) were randomized into five groups. Each group treated one volar forearm for 7 weeks with one of the following preparations: (i) one of three simplified creams, containing only a few ingredients in order to minimize the complexity of the system; (ii) a lipid-free gel; (iii) one ordinary cream, containing 5% urea, which has previously been shown to decrease TEWL. The lipids in the simplified creams were either hydrocarbons or vegetable triglyceride oil, and one of them also contained 5% urea. After 7 weeks, treated and control forearms were exposed for 24 h to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) using a patch test. TEWL, blood flow and skin capacitance of both SLS-exposed and undamaged skin were evaluated 24 h after removal of patches. Additionally, a 24-h irritancy patch test of all test preparations was performed on 11 volunteers in order to check their possible acute irritancy potential. Results Changes were found in the Barrier Function of normal skin after 7 weeks of treatment with the test preparations. The simplified creams and the lipid-free gel increased TEWL and skin response to SLS, while the ordinary cream had the opposite effect. One of the simplified creams also decreased skin capacitance. All test preparations were shown to be nonirritant, both by short-term irritancy patch test and by measurement of blood flow after long-term treatment. Conclusions Moisturizers influence the skin Barrier Function of normal skin, as measured by TEWL and susceptibility to SLS. Moreover, the effect on skin Barrier Function is determined by the composition of the moisturizer. The ingredients which influence the skin Barrier Function need to be identified, and the mechanism clarified at the molecular level.
Joke A Bouwstra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lipid to protein ratio plays an important role in the skin Barrier Function in patients with atopic eczema
British Journal of Dermatology, 2014Co-Authors: Michelle Janssens, Peter J Caspers, A P M Lavrijsen, J Van Smeden, Gerwin J Puppels, Joke A BouwstraAbstract:Background The Barrier Function of the skin is primarily provided by the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin. Skin Barrier impairment is thought to be a primary factor in the pathogenesis of atopic eczema (AE). Filaggrin is an epidermal Barrier protein and common mutations in the filaggrin gene strongly predispose for AE. However, the role of filaggrin mutations in the decreased skin Barrier in AE is not fully understood. It was recently shown that changes in SC lipid composition and organization play a role in the reduced skin Barrier in AE. Objectives To determine whether the lipid/protein ratio and the total dry SC mass per surface area are related to the skin Barrier Function of controls and patients with AE. Methods A case-control study was performed to compare nonlesional and lesional skin of AE with skin of controls. The dry SC mass was determined by tape-stripping and Squamescan™. The ratio between lipid and protein bands in the Raman spectrum was used to determine the lipid/protein ratio. Skin Barrier Function was assessed by transepidermal water loss. Results The results show that the dry SC mass per skin area is altered only in lesional SC of patients with AE compared with control subjects. The observed reduction in the lipid/protein ratio in SC of patients with AE was more pronounced, both in lesional and nonlesional SC and correlated strongly with the skin Barrier Function and disease severity. Conclusions The lipid/protein ratio plays a role in the reduced skin Barrier Function in AE. What's already known about this topic? Filaggrin mutations are a predisposing factor for atopic eczema (AE). In nonlesional and lesional stratum corneum (SC) of patients with AE the intercellular lipid composition and organization are altered. Changes in the SC lipid properties correlate with a reduced skin Barrier Function, but are not associated with filaggrin mutations. What does this study add? The dry SC mass, being a measure for SC thickness, is only lower in lesional AE SC compared with SC from controls. The lipid/protein ratio in SC is reduced in both nonlesional and lesional SC of patients with AE and strongly correlates with the impaired skin Barrier Function and disease severity of patients with AE. The lipid/protein ratio plays a more important role in the impaired skin Barrier of AE than the SC thickness.
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the important role of stratum corneum lipids for the cutaneous Barrier Function
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2014Co-Authors: J Van Smeden, M Janssens, Gert S Gooris, Joke A BouwstraAbstract:The skin protects the body from unwanted influences from the environment as well as excessive water loss. The Barrier Function of the skin is located in the stratum corneum (SC). The SC consists of corneocytes embedded in a lipid matrix. This lipid matrix is crucial for the lipid skin Barrier Function. This paper provides an overview of the reported SC lipid composition and organization mainly focusing on healthy and diseased human skin. In addition, an overview is provided on the data describing the relation between lipid modulations and the impaired skin Barrier Function. Finally, the use of in vitro lipid models for a better understanding of the relation between the lipid composition, lipid organization and skin lipid Barrier is discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Important Role of Lipids in the Epidermis and their Role in the Formation and Maintenance of the Cutaneous Barrier. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Important Role of Lipids in the Epidermis and their Role in the Formation and Maintenance of the Cutaneous Barrier. Guest Editors: Kenneth R. Feingold and Peter Elias.
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the importance of free fatty acid chain length for the skin Barrier Function in atopic eczema patients
Experimental Dermatology, 2014Co-Authors: Jeroen Van Smeden, M Janssens, Edward C J Kaye, Peter J Caspers, A P M Lavrijsen, Rob J Vreeken, Joke A BouwstraAbstract:An important feature of atopic eczema (AE) is a decreased skin Barrier Function. The stratum corneum (SC) lipids - comprised of ceramides (CERs), free fatty acids (FFAs) and cholesterol - fulfil a predominant role in the skin Barrier Function. In this clinical study, the carbon chain length distribution of SC lipids (FFAs and CERs) and their importance for the lipid organization and skin Barrier Function were examined in AE patients and compared with control subjects. A reduction in FFA chain length and an increase in unsaturated FFAs are observed in non-lesional and lesional SC of AE patients. The reduction in FFA chain length associates with a reduced CER chain length, suggesting a common synthetic pathway. The lipid chain length reduction correlates with a less dense lipid organization and a decreased skin Barrier Function. All changes are more pronounced in lesional SC compared with non-lesional skin. No association was observed between lipid properties and filaggrin mutations, an important predisposing factor for developing AE. The results of this study demonstrate an altered SC lipid composition and signify the importance of these changes (specifically regarding the CER and FFA chain lengths) for the impaired skin Barrier Function in AE. This provides insights into epidermal lipid metabolism as well as new opportunities for skin Barrier repair.
Iwona Buraczewska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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artificial reduction in transepidermal water loss improves skin Barrier Function
British Journal of Dermatology, 2007Co-Authors: Iwona Buraczewska, U Brostrom, Marie LodenAbstract:Summary Background Artificial reduction of abnormal transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is considered to improve skin diseases associated with a defective Barrier Function. Treatment of the skin with moisturizers is also known to influence skin Barrier Function. Whether or not differences in occlusion between creams contribute to their effects on the skin Barrier Function is unknown. Objectives To investigate the long-term effects of a semipermeable membrane on the skin Barrier Function in normal skin. In addition, the occlusive properties of two creams were studied. Methods The study was randomized, controlled and evaluator-blind using measurement of TEWL and skin susceptibility to sodium lauryl sulphate as indicators of skin Barrier Function. Results Coating of the skin with a silicone membrane for 23 h per day for 3 weeks improved skin Barrier Function, whereas no significant changes were found after using the membrane for 8 h per day. Conclusions Differences between creams in terms of their effect on skin Barrier Function cannot be solely explained by their occlusive properties.
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changes in skin Barrier Function following long term treatment with moisturizers a randomized controlled trial
British Journal of Dermatology, 2007Co-Authors: Iwona Buraczewska, Berit Berne, Magnus Lindberg, Hans Torma, Marie LodenAbstract:Summary Background Moisturizers are commonly used by patients with dry skin conditions as well as people with healthy skin. Previous studies on short-term treatment have shown that moisturizers can weaken or strengthen skin Barrier Function and also influence skin Barrier recovery. However, knowledge of the effects on skin Barrier Function of long-term treatment with moisturizers is still scarce. Objectives To investigate the impact of long-term treatment with moisturizers on the Barrier Function of normal skin, as measured by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and susceptibility to an irritant, and to relate those effects to the composition of the designed experimental moisturizers. Methods Volunteers (n = 78) were randomized into five groups. Each group treated one volar forearm for 7 weeks with one of the following preparations: (i) one of three simplified creams, containing only a few ingredients in order to minimize the complexity of the system; (ii) a lipid-free gel; (iii) one ordinary cream, containing 5% urea, which has previously been shown to decrease TEWL. The lipids in the simplified creams were either hydrocarbons or vegetable triglyceride oil, and one of them also contained 5% urea. After 7 weeks, treated and control forearms were exposed for 24 h to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) using a patch test. TEWL, blood flow and skin capacitance of both SLS-exposed and undamaged skin were evaluated 24 h after removal of patches. Additionally, a 24-h irritancy patch test of all test preparations was performed on 11 volunteers in order to check their possible acute irritancy potential. Results Changes were found in the Barrier Function of normal skin after 7 weeks of treatment with the test preparations. The simplified creams and the lipid-free gel increased TEWL and skin response to SLS, while the ordinary cream had the opposite effect. One of the simplified creams also decreased skin capacitance. All test preparations were shown to be nonirritant, both by short-term irritancy patch test and by measurement of blood flow after long-term treatment. Conclusions Moisturizers influence the skin Barrier Function of normal skin, as measured by TEWL and susceptibility to SLS. Moreover, the effect on skin Barrier Function is determined by the composition of the moisturizer. The ingredients which influence the skin Barrier Function need to be identified, and the mechanism clarified at the molecular level.
Mikio Furuse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tight junction dysFunction in the stratum granulosum leads to aberrant stratum corneum Barrier Function in claudin 1 deficient mice
Journal of Dermatological Science, 2013Co-Authors: Tomoko Sugawara, Noriko Iwamoto, Masaya Akashi, Taro Kojima, Junzo Hisatsune, Motoyuki Sugai, Mikio FuruseAbstract:Abstract Background Tight junctions (TJs) contribute to the epithelial Barrier Function by preventing leakage of solutes through the intercellular space. In the skin, TJs occur in the stratum granulosum (SG), where claudin-1 and claudin-4 are expressed as adhesion molecules of TJs. Claudin-1-deficient (Cldn1−/−) mice die within one day of birth accompanied by excessive transepidermal water loss, indicating a critical role of TJs in the epidermal Barrier Function. However, it has been debated whether the impaired TJ Function in the SG also affects the stratum corneum (SC) Barrier Function or whether it results in skin Barrier defects despite a normal SC Barrier. Objective To clarify whether the impaired TJ Function affects the SC Barrier Function in Cldn1−/− mice. Methods The morphology, Barrier Function and biochemical characteristic of the SC were compared between Cldn1−/− and Cldn1+/+ mice. Results Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated abnormally wrinkled and rough corneocytes in Cldn1−/− mice. Notably, the X-gal tracer easily permeated into the Cldn1−/− SC, and water evaporation through isolated Cldn1−/− SC sheets was significantly higher than that through Cldn1+/+ SC sheets. Furthermore, the ceramide composition of the SC lipids and filaggrin processing were altered in Cldn1−/− mice. Conclusion Cldn1−/− mice exhibited the abnormal SC formation and SC Barrier defects. These findings demonstrate for the first time that TJs in the SG play crucial roles in the complete SC formation and SC Barrier Function.
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Snakeskin, a membrane protein associated with smooth septate junctions, is required for intestinal Barrier Function in Drosophila.
Journal of cell science, 2012Co-Authors: Yuichi Yanagihashi, Shoichiro Tsukita, Yasushi Izumi, Tadao Usui, Shigenobu Yonemura, Motoyuki Sumida, Tadashi Uemura, Mikio FuruseAbstract:Septate junctions (SJs) are the membrane specializations observed between epithelial cells in invertebrates. SJs play a crucial role in epithelial Barrier Function by restricting the free diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space. In arthropod species, two morphologically different types of SJs have been described: pleated septate junctions (pSJs) and smooth septate junctions (sSJs), which are specific to ectodermal and endodermal epithelia, respectively. In contrast to the recent identification of pSJ-related proteins, the molecular constituents of sSJs are mostly unknown. Here, we report the discovery of a new sSJ-specific membrane protein, designated 'Snakeskin' (Ssk). Ssk is highly concentrated in sSJs in the Drosophila midgut and Malpighian tubules. Lack of Ssk expression is embryonically lethal in Drosophila and results in defective sSJ formation accompanied by abnormal morphology of midgut epithelial cells. We also show that the Barrier Function of the midgut to a fluorescent tracer is impaired in ssk-knockdown larvae. These results suggest that Ssk is required for the intestinal Barrier Function in Drosophila.
Jing 方靖 Fang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phd3 stabilizes the tight junction protein occludin and protects intestinal epithelial Barrier Function
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Ying Chen, Haisheng Zhang, Guo Hua Fong, Qiulei Xi, Guohao Wu, Tanglong Yuan, Yiming Xu, Zhiqiang Ling, Jing 方靖 FangAbstract:Prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) control cellular adaptation to hypoxia. PHDs are found involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the exact role of PHD3, a member of the PHD family, in IBD remains unknown. We show here that PHD3 plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal epithelial Barrier Function. We found that genetic ablation of Phd3 in intestinal epithelial cells led to spontaneous colitis in mice. Deletion of PHD3 decreases the level of tight junction protein occludin, leading to a failure of intestinal epithelial Barrier Function. Further studies indicate that PHD3 stabilizes occludin by preventing the interaction between the E3 ligase Itch and occludin, in a hydroxylase-independent manner. Examination of biopsy of human ulcerative colitis patients indicates that PHD3 is decreased with disease severity, indicating that PHD3 down-regulation is associated with progression of this disease. We show that PHD3 protects intestinal epithelial Barrier Function and reveal a hydroxylase-independent Function of PHD3 in stabilizing occludin. These findings may help open avenues for developing a therapeutic strategy for IBD.
