The Experts below are selected from a list of 131232 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
S M Shaahid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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techno economic evaluation of off grid hybrid photovoltaic diesel Battery Power systems for rural electrification in saudi arabia a way forward for sustainable development
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: S M Shaahid, Ibrahim ElaminAbstract:Abstract The burning of depleting fossil fuels for Power generation has detrimental impact on human life and climate. In view of this, renewable solar energy sources are being increasingly exploited to meet the energy needs. Moreover, solar photovoltaic (PV)–diesel hybrid system technology promises lot of opportunities in remote areas which are far from utility grid and are driven by diesel generators. Integration of PV systems with the diesel plants is being disseminated worldwide to reduce diesel fuel consumption and to minimize atmospheric pollution. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A.) being endowed with high intensity of solar radiation, is a prospective candidate for deployment of PV systems. Also, K.S.A. has large number of remote scattered villages. The aim of this study is to analyze solar radiation data of Rafha, K.S.A., to assess the techno-economic feasibility of hybrid PV–diesel–Battery Power systems to meet the load requirements of a typical remote village Rawdhat Bin Habbas (RBH) with annual electrical energy demand of 15,943 MWh. Rafha is located near RBH. The monthly average daily global solar radiation ranges from 3.04 to 7.3 kWh/m 2 . NREL's HOMER software has been used to perform the techno-economic evaluation. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system composed of 2.5 MWp capacity PV system together with 4.5 MW diesel system (three 1.5 MW units) and a Battery storage of 1 h of autonomy (equivalent to 1 h of average load), the PV penetration is 27%. The cost of generating energy (COE, US$/kWh) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.170$/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1$/l). The study exhibits that the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/Battery penetration on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets. Concurrently, emphasis has been placed on: un-met load, excess electricity generation, percentage fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as: PV–diesel without storage, PV–diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), COE of different hybrid systems, etc. The decrease in carbon emissions by using the above hybrid system is about 24% as compared to the diesel-only scenario.
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economic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic diesel Battery Power systems for residential loads in hot regions a step to clean future
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2008Co-Authors: S M Shaahid, M A ElhadidyAbstract:Abstract The growing concerns of global warming and depleting oil/gas reserves have made it inevitable to seek energy from renewable energy resources. Many nations are embarking on introduction of clean/renewable solar energy for displacement of oil-produced energy. Moreover, solar photovoltaic (PV)–diesel hybrid Power generation system technology is an emerging energy option since it promises great deal of challenges and opportunities for developed and developing countries. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) being enriched with higher level of solar radiation, is a prospective candidate for deployment of solar PV systems. Literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in K.S.A. consume about 10–45% of the total electric energy generated. The aim of this study is to analyze long-term solar radiation data of Dhahran (East-Coast, K.S.A.) to assess the techno-economic feasibility of utilizing hybrid PV–diesel–Battery Power systems to meet the load of a typical residential building (with annual electrical energy demand of 35,120 kWh). The monthly average daily solar global radiation ranges from 3.61 to 7.96 kwh/m 2 . National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software has been employed to carry out the present study. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system composed of 4 kWp PV system together with 10 kW diesel system and a Battery storage of 3 h of autonomy (equivalent to 3 h of average load), the PV penetration is 22%. The cost of generating energy (COE, US$/kWh) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.179 $/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1$/l). The study exhibits that for a given hybrid configuration, the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/Battery penetration on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets for a given hybrid system. Concurrently, attention is focussed on un-met load, excess electricity generation, fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as PV–diesel without storage, PV–diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), COE of different hybrid systems, cost of PV–diesel–Battery systems, etc.
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technical and economic assessment of grid independent hybrid photovoltaic diesel Battery Power systems for commercial loads in desert environments
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2007Co-Authors: S M Shaahid, M A ElhadidyAbstract:Solar photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system technology is a hot topic for R&D since it promises lot of challenges and opportunities for developed and developing countries. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) being endowed with fairly high degree of solar radiation is a potential candidate for deployment of PV systems for Power generation. Literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in KSA consume an estimated 10-45% of the total electric energy generated. In the present study, solar radiation data of Dhahran (East-Coast, KSA) have been analyzed to assess the techno-economic viability of utilizing hybrid PV-diesel-Battery Power systems to meet the load requirements of a typical commercial building (with annual electrical energy demand of 620,000Â kWÂ h). The monthly average daily solar global radiation ranges from 3.61 to 7.96Â kWÂ h/m2. NREL's HOMER software has been used to carry out the techno-economic viability. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system comprising of 80Â kWp PV system together with 175Â kW diesel system and a Battery storage of 3Â h of autonomy (equivalent to 3Â h of average load), the PV penetration is 26%. The cost of generating energy (COE, US$/kWÂ h) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.149Â $/kWÂ h (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1Â $/L). The study exhibits that for a given hybrid configuration, the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/Battery penetration on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets for a given hybrid system. Emphasis has also been placed on unmet load, excess electricity generation, percentage fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as PV-diesel without storage, PV-diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), cost of PV-diesel-Battery systems, COE of different hybrid systems, etc.
M A Elhadidy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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economic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic diesel Battery Power systems for residential loads in hot regions a step to clean future
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2008Co-Authors: S M Shaahid, M A ElhadidyAbstract:Abstract The growing concerns of global warming and depleting oil/gas reserves have made it inevitable to seek energy from renewable energy resources. Many nations are embarking on introduction of clean/renewable solar energy for displacement of oil-produced energy. Moreover, solar photovoltaic (PV)–diesel hybrid Power generation system technology is an emerging energy option since it promises great deal of challenges and opportunities for developed and developing countries. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) being enriched with higher level of solar radiation, is a prospective candidate for deployment of solar PV systems. Literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in K.S.A. consume about 10–45% of the total electric energy generated. The aim of this study is to analyze long-term solar radiation data of Dhahran (East-Coast, K.S.A.) to assess the techno-economic feasibility of utilizing hybrid PV–diesel–Battery Power systems to meet the load of a typical residential building (with annual electrical energy demand of 35,120 kWh). The monthly average daily solar global radiation ranges from 3.61 to 7.96 kwh/m 2 . National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software has been employed to carry out the present study. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system composed of 4 kWp PV system together with 10 kW diesel system and a Battery storage of 3 h of autonomy (equivalent to 3 h of average load), the PV penetration is 22%. The cost of generating energy (COE, US$/kWh) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.179 $/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1$/l). The study exhibits that for a given hybrid configuration, the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/Battery penetration on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets for a given hybrid system. Concurrently, attention is focussed on un-met load, excess electricity generation, fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as PV–diesel without storage, PV–diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), COE of different hybrid systems, cost of PV–diesel–Battery systems, etc.
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technical and economic assessment of grid independent hybrid photovoltaic diesel Battery Power systems for commercial loads in desert environments
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2007Co-Authors: S M Shaahid, M A ElhadidyAbstract:Solar photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system technology is a hot topic for R&D since it promises lot of challenges and opportunities for developed and developing countries. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) being endowed with fairly high degree of solar radiation is a potential candidate for deployment of PV systems for Power generation. Literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in KSA consume an estimated 10-45% of the total electric energy generated. In the present study, solar radiation data of Dhahran (East-Coast, KSA) have been analyzed to assess the techno-economic viability of utilizing hybrid PV-diesel-Battery Power systems to meet the load requirements of a typical commercial building (with annual electrical energy demand of 620,000Â kWÂ h). The monthly average daily solar global radiation ranges from 3.61 to 7.96Â kWÂ h/m2. NREL's HOMER software has been used to carry out the techno-economic viability. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system comprising of 80Â kWp PV system together with 175Â kW diesel system and a Battery storage of 3Â h of autonomy (equivalent to 3Â h of average load), the PV penetration is 26%. The cost of generating energy (COE, US$/kWÂ h) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.149Â $/kWÂ h (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1Â $/L). The study exhibits that for a given hybrid configuration, the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/Battery penetration on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets for a given hybrid system. Emphasis has also been placed on unmet load, excess electricity generation, percentage fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as PV-diesel without storage, PV-diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), cost of PV-diesel-Battery systems, COE of different hybrid systems, etc.
Roger A. Dougal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adaptive control strategy for active Power sharing in hybrid fuel cell Battery Power sources
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2007Co-Authors: Z Jiang, Roger A. DougalAbstract:Hybrid systems composed of fuel cells and batteries combine the high energy density of fuel cells with the high Power density of batteries. A dc/dc Power converter is placed between the fuel cell and the Battery to balance the Power flow between them and greatly increase the peak output Power of the hybrid. This paper presents an adaptive control strategy for active Power sharing in the hybrid Power source. This control strategy can adjust the output current setpoint of the fuel cell according to the state-of-charge (or voltage) of the Battery, and is applicable in two topologies of active fuel cell/Battery hybrids. The control strategy is implemented in Simulink and then tested under arbitrary load conditions through simulation and experiments. Simulation and experimental results show that the adaptive control strategy is able to adjust the fuel cell output current to adapt to the charge state of the Battery, and appropriately distribute the electrical Power between the fuel cell and the Battery. Experiments demonstrate the generality of the adaptive control strategy.
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flexible multiobjective control of Power converter in active hybrid fuel cell Battery Power sources
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005Co-Authors: Z Jiang, Roger A. DougalAbstract:Hybrid Power sources composed of fuel cells and secondary batteries can combine the high energy density of fuel cells with the high Power density of batteries. A dc/dc Power converter can be placed between the fuel cell and the Battery to balance the Power flow and greatly augment the peak output Power. This work presents a novel, flexible strategy for multiobjective control of the Power converter in the hybrid Power source. The control strategy is able to regulate the output current of the fuel cell and the charging current or voltage of the Battery while limiting the discharging current of the Battery. It can be used in two different configurations without any change. The control strategy is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and tested by simulation and experiments. Simulation and experimental results show that the multiobjective control strategy is able to select the regulation mode correctly and the fuel cell current, Battery current and Battery voltage are regulated appropriately. Experiment results demonstrate the great flexibility and generality of the control strategy and validate that the peak Power capacity of the active hybrid Power source is increased significantly. Simulation and experiment results also show that Power converter can be appropriately regulated to meet the multiple objectives required by hybrid Power sources.
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design and experimental tests of control strategies for active hybrid fuel cell Battery Power sources
Journal of Power Sources, 2004Co-Authors: Z Jiang, Mark Jon Blackwelder, Roger A. DougalAbstract:Twenty-first century handheld electronic devices and new generations of electric vehicles or electric airplanes have fueled a need for new high-energy, high-Power, small-volume, and lightweight Power sources. Current Battery technology by itself is insufficient to provide the mandatory long-term Power these systems require. Fuel cells are also unable to provide the essentially high peak Power demanded by these systems. Hybrid systems composed of fuel cells and secondary batteries could combine the high Power density of clean fuel cells and the high energy density of convenient batteries. This paper presents an experimental study on control strategies for active Power sharing in such a hybrid fuel cell/Battery Power source. These control strategies limited the fuel cell current to safe values while also regulating the charging current or voltage of the Battery. The several tested control strategies were implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and then tested under the pulsed-current load condition through experiments. Experimental tests were conducted with three control objectives: maximum fuel cell Power, maximum fuel cell efficiency, and adaptive.
Z Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adaptive control strategy for active Power sharing in hybrid fuel cell Battery Power sources
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2007Co-Authors: Z Jiang, Roger A. DougalAbstract:Hybrid systems composed of fuel cells and batteries combine the high energy density of fuel cells with the high Power density of batteries. A dc/dc Power converter is placed between the fuel cell and the Battery to balance the Power flow between them and greatly increase the peak output Power of the hybrid. This paper presents an adaptive control strategy for active Power sharing in the hybrid Power source. This control strategy can adjust the output current setpoint of the fuel cell according to the state-of-charge (or voltage) of the Battery, and is applicable in two topologies of active fuel cell/Battery hybrids. The control strategy is implemented in Simulink and then tested under arbitrary load conditions through simulation and experiments. Simulation and experimental results show that the adaptive control strategy is able to adjust the fuel cell output current to adapt to the charge state of the Battery, and appropriately distribute the electrical Power between the fuel cell and the Battery. Experiments demonstrate the generality of the adaptive control strategy.
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evaluation of active hybrid fuel cell Battery Power sources
IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2005Co-Authors: Z JiangAbstract:Hybrid fuel cell/Battery Power sources have potentially widespread uses in applications wherein the Power demand is impulsive rather than constant. Interposing a dc/dc converter between a fuel cell and a Battery can create two configurations of actively controlled hybrid fuel cell/Battery Power sources. Those two configurations are compared using both theory and experiment with special attention to the peak Power enhancement, and Power losses in the converter. Both of the defined configurations were built, using a 35 W polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, an 8-cell lithium-ion Battery pack, and a high-efficiency Power converter. Both two configurations yielded a peak Power output of 135 W, about 4 times as high as the fuel cell alone could supply, with only a slight (13%) increase of weight. The converter losses were quantitatively analyzed. Which of the two configurations yields a smaller loss depends on the load Power demand characteristics including peak Power and load duty ratio. The study results provide guidance for the design of hybrid sources according to the particular load Power requirements.
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flexible multiobjective control of Power converter in active hybrid fuel cell Battery Power sources
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005Co-Authors: Z Jiang, Roger A. DougalAbstract:Hybrid Power sources composed of fuel cells and secondary batteries can combine the high energy density of fuel cells with the high Power density of batteries. A dc/dc Power converter can be placed between the fuel cell and the Battery to balance the Power flow and greatly augment the peak output Power. This work presents a novel, flexible strategy for multiobjective control of the Power converter in the hybrid Power source. The control strategy is able to regulate the output current of the fuel cell and the charging current or voltage of the Battery while limiting the discharging current of the Battery. It can be used in two different configurations without any change. The control strategy is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and tested by simulation and experiments. Simulation and experimental results show that the multiobjective control strategy is able to select the regulation mode correctly and the fuel cell current, Battery current and Battery voltage are regulated appropriately. Experiment results demonstrate the great flexibility and generality of the control strategy and validate that the peak Power capacity of the active hybrid Power source is increased significantly. Simulation and experiment results also show that Power converter can be appropriately regulated to meet the multiple objectives required by hybrid Power sources.
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design and experimental tests of control strategies for active hybrid fuel cell Battery Power sources
Journal of Power Sources, 2004Co-Authors: Z Jiang, Mark Jon Blackwelder, Roger A. DougalAbstract:Twenty-first century handheld electronic devices and new generations of electric vehicles or electric airplanes have fueled a need for new high-energy, high-Power, small-volume, and lightweight Power sources. Current Battery technology by itself is insufficient to provide the mandatory long-term Power these systems require. Fuel cells are also unable to provide the essentially high peak Power demanded by these systems. Hybrid systems composed of fuel cells and secondary batteries could combine the high Power density of clean fuel cells and the high energy density of convenient batteries. This paper presents an experimental study on control strategies for active Power sharing in such a hybrid fuel cell/Battery Power source. These control strategies limited the fuel cell current to safe values while also regulating the charging current or voltage of the Battery. The several tested control strategies were implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and then tested under the pulsed-current load condition through experiments. Experimental tests were conducted with three control objectives: maximum fuel cell Power, maximum fuel cell efficiency, and adaptive.
Ibrahim Elamin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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techno economic evaluation of off grid hybrid photovoltaic diesel Battery Power systems for rural electrification in saudi arabia a way forward for sustainable development
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: S M Shaahid, Ibrahim ElaminAbstract:Abstract The burning of depleting fossil fuels for Power generation has detrimental impact on human life and climate. In view of this, renewable solar energy sources are being increasingly exploited to meet the energy needs. Moreover, solar photovoltaic (PV)–diesel hybrid system technology promises lot of opportunities in remote areas which are far from utility grid and are driven by diesel generators. Integration of PV systems with the diesel plants is being disseminated worldwide to reduce diesel fuel consumption and to minimize atmospheric pollution. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A.) being endowed with high intensity of solar radiation, is a prospective candidate for deployment of PV systems. Also, K.S.A. has large number of remote scattered villages. The aim of this study is to analyze solar radiation data of Rafha, K.S.A., to assess the techno-economic feasibility of hybrid PV–diesel–Battery Power systems to meet the load requirements of a typical remote village Rawdhat Bin Habbas (RBH) with annual electrical energy demand of 15,943 MWh. Rafha is located near RBH. The monthly average daily global solar radiation ranges from 3.04 to 7.3 kWh/m 2 . NREL's HOMER software has been used to perform the techno-economic evaluation. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system composed of 2.5 MWp capacity PV system together with 4.5 MW diesel system (three 1.5 MW units) and a Battery storage of 1 h of autonomy (equivalent to 1 h of average load), the PV penetration is 27%. The cost of generating energy (COE, US$/kWh) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.170$/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1$/l). The study exhibits that the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/Battery penetration on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets. Concurrently, emphasis has been placed on: un-met load, excess electricity generation, percentage fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as: PV–diesel without storage, PV–diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), COE of different hybrid systems, etc. The decrease in carbon emissions by using the above hybrid system is about 24% as compared to the diesel-only scenario.
