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Jon Leonard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Ronald Azuma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Mike Daily - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Howard Neely - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Kang Eun Jeon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Maximizing Energy Harvesting with Adjustable Solar Panel for BLE Beacon
    2019 International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber Physical and Socia, 2019
    Co-Authors: Perm Soonsawad, Kang Eun Jeon, Pai Chet Ng
    Abstract:

    Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Beacons can be powered up with a small coin cell battery. The problem with battery-powered Beacon is that frequent battery replacement is required. Such a battery replacement process can be very tedious considering the massive amount of already deployed Beacons. While solar-powered Beacons have emerged as an alternative to the battery-powered Beacon, Beacon deployment is challenging considering the very low ambient light energy available in indoor environments. This paper presents an innovate solar-powered Beacon with an adjustable solar panel. In particular, we employ Markov Decision Process (MDP) to model the angle adjusting problem. The contribution of this paper is two-fold: 1) the MDP formulation is based on the insight obtained from a series of preliminary experiments which unveil the relationship between the incident angle and the harvested power; 2) our experiment shows that the legacy Policy Iteration (PI) and Value Iteration (VI) algorithms achieve similar optimized decision-making by adjusting the angle of solar panels such that to quickly charge up the Beacon when it is low in energy. This rapid charging time guarantees the sustainable operation of solar-powered Beacons in indoor environments.

  • A crowd-assisted architecture for securing BLE Beacon-based IoT infrastructure
    2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2018
    Co-Authors: Kang Eun Jeon, Simon Wong
    Abstract:

    A BLE Beacon is a small electronic device that has recently been proposed as a building block to construct an infrastructure supporting emerging smart applications. However, due to its simple communication protocol architecture, which broadcasts a static payload, a BLE Beacon-based infrastructure is vulnerable to different types of abuses and attacks, in particular free-riding and device spoofing. Many Beacon manufacturers propose dynamically randomizing Beacon advertisement packets at the device firmware level as a solution. However, this approach is difficult to implement for already deployed Beacon nodes as it requires a firmware update on each device. To alleviate these drawbacks, a crowd-assisted architecture for securing BLE Beacons is proposed in this paper. A detailed architecture is presented along with experimental results and an implementation to demonstrate its feasibility. It is found that the Beacon ID can be changed by user's mobile phone within a 20 m range with probability of almost 100% under both stationary and mobile conditions.

  • Preliminary design for sustainable BLE Beacons powered by solar panels
    Proceedings - IEEE INFOCOM, 2016
    Co-Authors: Kang Eun Jeon, Tommy Tong, James She
    Abstract:

    —In the coming age of Internet of Things, the underly- ing infrastructure that supports IoT applications will play a piv- otal role. Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons, small radio frequency broadcasters that advertise their unique identification, have been highlighted for their possible usage in the IoT infrastructure, as a sensor network of BLE Beacons is capable of providing contextual and locational information to the users. However, as the size of the wireless sensor network has grown, finite battery capacity has proven to be a major challenge. Due to the limited battery capacity, Beacons require periodic maintenance and battery replacement, which results in increased Beacon management cost and complexity. This paper attempts to remedy this problem through the integration of an energy harvesting mechanism with BLE Beacons, and explore the possibilities of using solar power to operate these devices. Experimental results for BLE Beacon power consumption and solar panel power output characteristics are presented, and therefore baseline pa- rameters of the power requirements for sustainable BLE Beacons are established. Furthermore, a preliminary design of a solar- powered BLE Beacon is presented. It has been shown that a typical BLE Beacon with a transmission power of 0 dbm and advertising interval of 800 ms can be powered by a solar panel with surface area of 300 cm2, and a lithium ion rechargeable coin cell battery, LIR2450, with a nominal voltage of 3.6 V can be recharged by a solar panel with a surface area of 88 cm2.