The Experts below are selected from a list of 101451 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Susan Michie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Designing and implementing Behaviour Change interventions to improve population health.
Journal of health services research & policy, 2020Co-Authors: Susan MichieAbstract:Improved population health depends on changing Behaviour: of those who are healthy (e.g. stopping smoking), those who are ill (e.g. adhering to health advice) and those delivering health care. To design more effective Behaviour Change interventions, we need more investment in developing the scientific methods for studying Behaviour Change. Behavioural science is relevant to all phases of the process of implementing evidence-based health care: developing evidence through primary studies, synthesizing the findings in systematic reviews, translating evidence into guidelines and practice recommendations, and implementing these in practice. 'Behaviour Change: Implementation and Health', the last research programme to be funded within the MRC HSRC, aimed to develop innovative ways of applying theories and techniques of Behaviour Change to understand and improve the implementation of evidence-based practice, as a key step to improving health. It focused on four areas of study that apply Behaviour Change theory:defining and developing a taxonomy of Behaviour Change techniques to allow replication of studies and the possibility of accumulating evidence; conducting systematic reviews, by categorizing and synthesizing interventions on the basis of Behaviour Change theory; investigating the process by which evidence is translated into guideline recommendations for practice; developing a theoretical framework to apply to understanding implementation problems and designing interventions. This work will contribute to advancing the science of Behaviour Change by providing tools for conceptualizing and defining intervention content, and linking techniques of Behaviour Change to their theoretical base.
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Representation of Behaviour Change interventions and their evaluation: Development of the Upper Level of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology
Wellcome Open Research, 2020Co-Authors: Susan Michie, Robert West, Emma Norris, Marie Johnston, Michael P. Kelly, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, Alison J. Wright, Marta M. Marques, James Thomas, Janna HastingsAbstract:Background: Behaviour Change interventions (BCI), their contexts and evaluation methods are heterogeneous, making it difficult to synthesise evidence and make recommendations for real-world policy and practice. Ontologies provide a means for addressing this. They represent knowledge formally as entities and relationships using a common language able to cross disciplinary boundaries and topic domains. This paper reports the development of the upper level of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO), which provides a systematic way to characterise BCIs, their contexts and their evaluations. Methods: Development took place in four steps. (1) Entities and relationships were identified by Behavioural and social science experts, based on their knowledge of evidence and theory, and their practical experience of Behaviour Change interventions and evaluations. (2) The outputs of the first step were critically examined by a wider group of experts, including the study ontology expert and those experienced in annotating relevant literature using the initial ontology entities. The outputs of the second step were tested by (3) feedback from three external international experts in ontologies and (4) application of the prototype upper-level BCIO to annotating published reports; this informed the final development of the upper-level BCIO. Results: The final upper-level BCIO specifies 42 entities, including the BCI scenario, elaborated across 21 entities and 7 relationship types, and the BCI evaluation study comprising 10 entities and 9 relationship types. BCI scenario entities include the Behaviour Change intervention (content and delivery), outcome Behaviour, mechanism of action, and its context, which includes population and setting. These entities have corresponding entities relating to the planning and reporting of interventions and their evaluations. Conclusions: The upper level of the BCIO provides a comprehensive and systematic framework for representing BCIs, their contexts and their evaluations.
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Ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change interventions: a method for their development
Wellcome Open Research, 2020Co-Authors: Alison J. Wright, Robert West, Emma Norris, Marie Johnston, Michael P. Kelly, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, Janna Hastings, Marta M. Marques, Susan MichieAbstract:Background: Behaviour and Behaviour Change are integral to many aspects of wellbeing and sustainability. However, reporting Behaviour Change interventions accurately and synthesising evidence about effective interventions is hindered by lacking a shared, scientific terminology to describe intervention characteristics. Ontologies are knowledge structures that provide controlled vocabularies to help unify and connect scientific fields. To date, there is no published guidance on the specific methods required to develop ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change. We report the creation and refinement of a method for developing ontologies that make up the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO). Aims: (1) To describe the development method of the BCIO and explain its rationale; (2) To provide guidance on implementing the activities within the development method. Method and results: The method for developing ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change interventions was constructed by considering principles of good practice in ontology development and identifying key activities required to follow those principles. The method’s details were refined through application to developing two ontologies. The resulting ontology development method involved: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying key entities; (3) refining the ontology through an iterative process of literature annotation, discussion and revision; (4) expert stakeholder review; (5) testing inter-rater reliability; (6) specifying relationships between entities, and; (7) disseminating and maintaining the ontology. Guidance is provided for conducting relevant activities for each step. Conclusions: We have developed a detailed method for creating ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change interventions, together with practical guidance for each step, reflecting principles of good practice in ontology development. The most novel aspects of the method are the use of formal mechanisms for literature annotation and expert stakeholder review to develop and improve the ontology content. We suggest the mnemonic SELAR3, representing the method’s first six steps as Scope, Entities, Literature Annotation, Review, Reliability, Relationships.
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Development of a formal system for representing Behaviour-Change theories.
Nature Human Behaviour, 2019Co-Authors: Robert West, Rachel N. Carey, Janna Hastings, Cristina A. Godinho, Lauren Connell Bohlen, Carmen E. Lefevre, Susan MichieAbstract:Use of natural language to represent Behaviour-Change theories has resulted in lack of clarity and consistency, hindering comparison, integration, development and use. This paper describes development of a formal system for representing Behaviour-Change theories that aims to improve clarity and consistency. A given theory is represented in terms of (1) its component constructs (for example, ‘self-efficacy’, ‘perceived threat’ or ‘subjective norm’), which are labelled and defined, and (2) relationships between pairs of constructs, which may be causal, structural or semantic. This formalism appears adequate to represent five commonly used theories (health belief model, information–motivation–Behavioural skill model, social cognitive theory, theory of planned Behaviour and the trans-theoretical model). Theory authors and experts judged that the system was able to capture the main propositions of the theories. Following this proof of concept, the next step is to assess how far the system can be applied to other theories of Behaviour Change. Behaviour-Change theories need to be more precisely specified. Five of the major theories can be formally represented using a system involving construct labels, construct definitions and defined binary relationships between constructs.
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A scoping review of ontologies related to human Behaviour Change.
Nature Human Behaviour, 2019Co-Authors: Emma Norris, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, Janna Hastings, Gillian Stokes, Susan MichieAbstract:Ontologies are classification systems specifying entities, definitions and inter-relationships for a given domain, with the potential to advance knowledge about human Behaviour Change. A scoping review was conducted to: (1) identify what ontologies exist related to human Behaviour Change, (2) describe the methods used to develop these ontologies and (3) assess the quality of identified ontologies. Using a systematic search, 2,303 papers were identified. Fifteen ontologies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion, developed in areas such as cognition, mental disease and emotions. Methods used for developing the ontologies were expert consultation, data-driven techniques and reuse of terms from existing taxonomies, terminologies and ontologies. Best practices used in ontology development and maintenance were documented. The review did not identify any ontologies representing the breadth and detail of human Behaviour Change. This suggests that advancing Behavioural science would benefit from the development of a Behaviour Change intervention ontology. This scoping review identified, summarized and critiqued 15 ontologies related to human Behaviour Change. The review finds that no existing ontology covers the breadth of human Behaviour Change and identifies the need for an intervention ontology.
Marie Johnston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What Competences Are Required to Deliver Person-Person Behaviour Change Interventions: Development of a Health Behaviour Change Competency Framework
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Diane Dixon, Marie JohnstonAbstract:Background The competence of the person delivering person-to-person Behaviour Change interventions may influence the effectiveness of the intervention. However, we lack a framework for describing the range of competences involved. The objective of the current work was to develop a competency framework for health Behaviour Change interventions. Method A preliminary framework was developed by two judges rating the relevance of items in the competency framework for cognitive Behaviour therapies; adding relevant items from reviews and other competency frameworks; and obtaining feedback from potential users on a draft framework. The Health Behaviour Change Competency Framework (HBCCF) was used to analyse the competency content of smoking cessation manuals. Results Judges identified 194 competency items as relevant, which were organised into two domains: foundation (12 competency topics comprising 56 competencies) and Behaviour Change (12 topics, 54 competencies); several of the 54 and 56 competencies were composed of sub-competencies (84 subcompetencies in total). Smoking cessation manuals included 14 competency topics from the foundation and Behaviour Change competency domains. Conclusion The HBCCF provides a structured method for assessing and reporting competency to deliver Behaviour Change interventions. It can be applied to assess a practitioner’s competency and training needs and to identify the competencies needed for a particular intervention. To date, it has been used in self-assessments and in developing training programmes. We propose the HBCCF as a practical tool for researchers, employers, and those who design and provide training. We envisage the HBCFF maturing and adapting as evidence that identifies the essential elements required for the effective delivery of Behaviour Change interventions emerges.
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What Competences Are Required to Deliver Person-Person Behaviour Change Interventions: Development of a Health Behaviour Change Competency Framework.
International journal of behavioral medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Diane Dixon, Marie JohnstonAbstract:The competence of the person delivering person-to-person Behaviour Change interventions may influence the effectiveness of the intervention. However, we lack a framework for describing the range of competences involved. The objective of the current work was to develop a competency framework for health Behaviour Change interventions. A preliminary framework was developed by two judges rating the relevance of items in the competency framework for cognitive Behaviour therapies; adding relevant items from reviews and other competency frameworks; and obtaining feedback from potential users on a draft framework. The Health Behaviour Change Competency Framework (HBCCF) was used to analyse the competency content of smoking cessation manuals. Judges identified 194 competency items as relevant, which were organised into two domains: foundation (12 competency topics comprising 56 competencies) and Behaviour Change (12 topics, 54 competencies); several of the 54 and 56 competencies were composed of sub-competencies (84 subcompetencies in total). Smoking cessation manuals included 14 competency topics from the foundation and Behaviour Change competency domains. The HBCCF provides a structured method for assessing and reporting competency to deliver Behaviour Change interventions. It can be applied to assess a practitioner's competency and training needs and to identify the competencies needed for a particular intervention. To date, it has been used in self-assessments and in developing training programmes. We propose the HBCCF as a practical tool for researchers, employers, and those who design and provide training. We envisage the HBCFF maturing and adapting as evidence that identifies the essential elements required for the effective delivery of Behaviour Change interventions emerges.
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Representation of Behaviour Change interventions and their evaluation: Development of the Upper Level of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology
Wellcome Open Research, 2020Co-Authors: Susan Michie, Robert West, Emma Norris, Marie Johnston, Michael P. Kelly, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, Alison J. Wright, Marta M. Marques, James Thomas, Janna HastingsAbstract:Background: Behaviour Change interventions (BCI), their contexts and evaluation methods are heterogeneous, making it difficult to synthesise evidence and make recommendations for real-world policy and practice. Ontologies provide a means for addressing this. They represent knowledge formally as entities and relationships using a common language able to cross disciplinary boundaries and topic domains. This paper reports the development of the upper level of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO), which provides a systematic way to characterise BCIs, their contexts and their evaluations. Methods: Development took place in four steps. (1) Entities and relationships were identified by Behavioural and social science experts, based on their knowledge of evidence and theory, and their practical experience of Behaviour Change interventions and evaluations. (2) The outputs of the first step were critically examined by a wider group of experts, including the study ontology expert and those experienced in annotating relevant literature using the initial ontology entities. The outputs of the second step were tested by (3) feedback from three external international experts in ontologies and (4) application of the prototype upper-level BCIO to annotating published reports; this informed the final development of the upper-level BCIO. Results: The final upper-level BCIO specifies 42 entities, including the BCI scenario, elaborated across 21 entities and 7 relationship types, and the BCI evaluation study comprising 10 entities and 9 relationship types. BCI scenario entities include the Behaviour Change intervention (content and delivery), outcome Behaviour, mechanism of action, and its context, which includes population and setting. These entities have corresponding entities relating to the planning and reporting of interventions and their evaluations. Conclusions: The upper level of the BCIO provides a comprehensive and systematic framework for representing BCIs, their contexts and their evaluations.
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Ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change interventions: a method for their development
Wellcome Open Research, 2020Co-Authors: Alison J. Wright, Robert West, Emma Norris, Marie Johnston, Michael P. Kelly, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, Janna Hastings, Marta M. Marques, Susan MichieAbstract:Background: Behaviour and Behaviour Change are integral to many aspects of wellbeing and sustainability. However, reporting Behaviour Change interventions accurately and synthesising evidence about effective interventions is hindered by lacking a shared, scientific terminology to describe intervention characteristics. Ontologies are knowledge structures that provide controlled vocabularies to help unify and connect scientific fields. To date, there is no published guidance on the specific methods required to develop ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change. We report the creation and refinement of a method for developing ontologies that make up the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO). Aims: (1) To describe the development method of the BCIO and explain its rationale; (2) To provide guidance on implementing the activities within the development method. Method and results: The method for developing ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change interventions was constructed by considering principles of good practice in ontology development and identifying key activities required to follow those principles. The method’s details were refined through application to developing two ontologies. The resulting ontology development method involved: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying key entities; (3) refining the ontology through an iterative process of literature annotation, discussion and revision; (4) expert stakeholder review; (5) testing inter-rater reliability; (6) specifying relationships between entities, and; (7) disseminating and maintaining the ontology. Guidance is provided for conducting relevant activities for each step. Conclusions: We have developed a detailed method for creating ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change interventions, together with practical guidance for each step, reflecting principles of good practice in ontology development. The most novel aspects of the method are the use of formal mechanisms for literature annotation and expert stakeholder review to develop and improve the ontology content. We suggest the mnemonic SELAR3, representing the method’s first six steps as Scope, Entities, Literature Annotation, Review, Reliability, Relationships.
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Using Rigorous Methods to Advance Behaviour Change Science.
Nature Human Behaviour, 2018Co-Authors: Jennifer A. Sumner, Susan Michie, Marie Johnston, Rachel N. Carey, Donald Edmondson, Karina W. DavidsonAbstract:The field of Behaviour Change suffers from significant fragmentation and poor reporting. Here, we describe two large-scale initiatives — the Human Behaviour Change Project and Science of Behavior Change programme — that aim to introduce complementary systematic and rigorous methods to advance the science of Behaviour Change.
Julita Vassileva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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IUI - Tutorial on Personalization for Behaviour Change
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - IUI '15, 2015Co-Authors: Judith Masthoff, Julita VassilevaAbstract:Digital Behaviour interventions aim to encourage and support people to Change their Behaviour, for their own or communal benefits. Personalization plays an important role in this, as the most effective persuasive and motivational strategies are likely to depend on user characteristics. This tutorial covers the role of personalization in Behaviour Change technology, and methods and techniques to design personalized Behaviour Change technology.
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Tutorial on Personalization for Behaviour Change
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - IUI '15, 2015Co-Authors: Judith Masthoff, Julita VassilevaAbstract:Digital Behaviour interventions aim to encourage and support people to Change their Behaviour, for their own or communal benefits. Personalization plays an important role in this, as the most effective persuasive and motivational strategies are likely to depend on user characteristics. This tutorial covers the role of personalization in Behaviour Change technology, and methods and techniques to design personalized Behaviour Change technology.
Robert West - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Representation of Behaviour Change interventions and their evaluation: Development of the Upper Level of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology
Wellcome Open Research, 2020Co-Authors: Susan Michie, Robert West, Emma Norris, Marie Johnston, Michael P. Kelly, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, Alison J. Wright, Marta M. Marques, James Thomas, Janna HastingsAbstract:Background: Behaviour Change interventions (BCI), their contexts and evaluation methods are heterogeneous, making it difficult to synthesise evidence and make recommendations for real-world policy and practice. Ontologies provide a means for addressing this. They represent knowledge formally as entities and relationships using a common language able to cross disciplinary boundaries and topic domains. This paper reports the development of the upper level of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO), which provides a systematic way to characterise BCIs, their contexts and their evaluations. Methods: Development took place in four steps. (1) Entities and relationships were identified by Behavioural and social science experts, based on their knowledge of evidence and theory, and their practical experience of Behaviour Change interventions and evaluations. (2) The outputs of the first step were critically examined by a wider group of experts, including the study ontology expert and those experienced in annotating relevant literature using the initial ontology entities. The outputs of the second step were tested by (3) feedback from three external international experts in ontologies and (4) application of the prototype upper-level BCIO to annotating published reports; this informed the final development of the upper-level BCIO. Results: The final upper-level BCIO specifies 42 entities, including the BCI scenario, elaborated across 21 entities and 7 relationship types, and the BCI evaluation study comprising 10 entities and 9 relationship types. BCI scenario entities include the Behaviour Change intervention (content and delivery), outcome Behaviour, mechanism of action, and its context, which includes population and setting. These entities have corresponding entities relating to the planning and reporting of interventions and their evaluations. Conclusions: The upper level of the BCIO provides a comprehensive and systematic framework for representing BCIs, their contexts and their evaluations.
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Ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change interventions: a method for their development
Wellcome Open Research, 2020Co-Authors: Alison J. Wright, Robert West, Emma Norris, Marie Johnston, Michael P. Kelly, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, Janna Hastings, Marta M. Marques, Susan MichieAbstract:Background: Behaviour and Behaviour Change are integral to many aspects of wellbeing and sustainability. However, reporting Behaviour Change interventions accurately and synthesising evidence about effective interventions is hindered by lacking a shared, scientific terminology to describe intervention characteristics. Ontologies are knowledge structures that provide controlled vocabularies to help unify and connect scientific fields. To date, there is no published guidance on the specific methods required to develop ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change. We report the creation and refinement of a method for developing ontologies that make up the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO). Aims: (1) To describe the development method of the BCIO and explain its rationale; (2) To provide guidance on implementing the activities within the development method. Method and results: The method for developing ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change interventions was constructed by considering principles of good practice in ontology development and identifying key activities required to follow those principles. The method’s details were refined through application to developing two ontologies. The resulting ontology development method involved: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying key entities; (3) refining the ontology through an iterative process of literature annotation, discussion and revision; (4) expert stakeholder review; (5) testing inter-rater reliability; (6) specifying relationships between entities, and; (7) disseminating and maintaining the ontology. Guidance is provided for conducting relevant activities for each step. Conclusions: We have developed a detailed method for creating ontologies relevant to Behaviour Change interventions, together with practical guidance for each step, reflecting principles of good practice in ontology development. The most novel aspects of the method are the use of formal mechanisms for literature annotation and expert stakeholder review to develop and improve the ontology content. We suggest the mnemonic SELAR3, representing the method’s first six steps as Scope, Entities, Literature Annotation, Review, Reliability, Relationships.
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Development of a formal system for representing Behaviour-Change theories.
Nature Human Behaviour, 2019Co-Authors: Robert West, Rachel N. Carey, Janna Hastings, Cristina A. Godinho, Lauren Connell Bohlen, Carmen E. Lefevre, Susan MichieAbstract:Use of natural language to represent Behaviour-Change theories has resulted in lack of clarity and consistency, hindering comparison, integration, development and use. This paper describes development of a formal system for representing Behaviour-Change theories that aims to improve clarity and consistency. A given theory is represented in terms of (1) its component constructs (for example, ‘self-efficacy’, ‘perceived threat’ or ‘subjective norm’), which are labelled and defined, and (2) relationships between pairs of constructs, which may be causal, structural or semantic. This formalism appears adequate to represent five commonly used theories (health belief model, information–motivation–Behavioural skill model, social cognitive theory, theory of planned Behaviour and the trans-theoretical model). Theory authors and experts judged that the system was able to capture the main propositions of the theories. Following this proof of concept, the next step is to assess how far the system can be applied to other theories of Behaviour Change. Behaviour-Change theories need to be more precisely specified. Five of the major theories can be formally represented using a system involving construct labels, construct definitions and defined binary relationships between constructs.
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Constructing a Behaviour Change ontology for extracting and synthesising evidence in the Human Behaviour-Change Project
The European health psychologist, 2017Co-Authors: Marie Johnston, Robert West, Michael P. Kelly, Susan MichieAbstract:Background Developments in machine learning and artificial intelligence make it increasingly possible to identify the very large published literature on Behaviour Change and interventions. Natural Language Processing methods have made the selection of included studies more efficient but the process of data extraction is typically done manually and is highly labour intensive. However, for machines to contribute to the extraction of data from papers we need an ontology of Behaviour Change interventions i.e. an unambiguous organisation of the elements to identify these elements in published reports. Methods Three methods were used: intensive discussion amongst Behaviour Change experts to develop a preliminary ontology; a combination of literature review and consensus methods to populate elements in the ontology; and a review of existing relevant ontologies and annotation methods. Findings The preliminary ontology included the elements: intervention (content; delivery), context, exposure, mechanisms of action, Behaviour and effect on outcome. The consensus–based Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy populates intervention content with 93 techniques. Based on literature reviews, a hierarchical taxonomy of delivery methods and a large number of mechanisms of action have been identified. Discussion While some parts of the ontology have been developed work is needed on unpopulated elements. The Behaviour Change ontology will be linked to existing ontologies and provide a basis for machine learning. Further stages of the Human Behaviour-Change Project will develop an artificial intelligence system capable of extracting and interpreting evidence in the large literature on Behaviour Change interventions.
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abc of Behaviour Change theories
(1st ed.). Silverback Publishing: Sutton Surrey UK. (2014), 2014Co-Authors: Susan Michie, Robert West, Rona Campbell, Jamie Brown, Heather L GainforthAbstract:This book describes 83 theories of Behaviour Change, identified by an expert panel of psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists and economists as relevant to designing interventions. For each theory, the book provides a brief summary, a list of its component constructs, a more extended description and a network analysis to show its links with other theories in the book. It considers the role of theory in understanding Behaviour Change and its application to designing and evaluating interventions. This website includes a facility to make additions and amendments to the theory descriptions, lists of constructs and network analyses that can be incorporated into future editions. In due course, it will also include a database of the theories which can be searched according to the constructs used. This will be the result of current work which is mapping the constructs across theories, which is a formidable task given >1000 constructs and the work required to assess similarity and difference of construct labels.
Judith Masthoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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IUI - Tutorial on Personalization for Behaviour Change
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - IUI '15, 2015Co-Authors: Judith Masthoff, Julita VassilevaAbstract:Digital Behaviour interventions aim to encourage and support people to Change their Behaviour, for their own or communal benefits. Personalization plays an important role in this, as the most effective persuasive and motivational strategies are likely to depend on user characteristics. This tutorial covers the role of personalization in Behaviour Change technology, and methods and techniques to design personalized Behaviour Change technology.
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Tutorial on Personalization for Behaviour Change
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - IUI '15, 2015Co-Authors: Judith Masthoff, Julita VassilevaAbstract:Digital Behaviour interventions aim to encourage and support people to Change their Behaviour, for their own or communal benefits. Personalization plays an important role in this, as the most effective persuasive and motivational strategies are likely to depend on user characteristics. This tutorial covers the role of personalization in Behaviour Change technology, and methods and techniques to design personalized Behaviour Change technology.
