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Christine Rothschild - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bejel: acquirable only in childhood?
Acta tropica, 2006Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, Christine Rothschild, Virginia Naples, Michel Billard, Barbara PaneroAbstract:Bejel clearly has a long history in the Middle East and the Sudan, but was it transmitted to Europe? As the major manifestation of Bejel is presence of periosteal reaction in 20-40% of afflicted populations, absence of significant population frequency of periosteal reaction in Europe would exclude that diagnosis. Examination of skeletal populations from continental Europe revealed no significant periosteal reaction at the time of and immediately subsequent to the Crusades. Thus, there is no evidence for Bejel in Europe, in spite of clear contact (the mechanism of Bejel transmission in children) between warring groups, at least during the Crusades. This supports the hypothesis that Bejel is a childhood-acquired disease and apparently cannot be contracted in adulthood.
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unique aspects of west coast treponematosis
Chungara, 2000Co-Authors: El J Molto, Bruce M Rothschild, Robert J Woods, Christine RothschildAbstract:Skeletal populations from the western coast of North America clearly were afflicted with a treponemal disease very different from that previously documented elsewhere in North America. Six populations from west of the Sierra Cascades were compared with 5 sites east of the Cascades. A high population frequency (both in adults and subadults) of pauci-ostotic, periostitis was noted in the six western skeletal populations, identical to that reported previously with Bejel in Negev Bedouins, Sudanese Nubians, and the Kit site from Iraq. Early populations, from east of the Cascades, had a very different polyostotic disease pattern, characteristic of yaws, and identical to that previously reported in Guam. Both patterns were clearly distinguished from syphilis, which appears to be a later development (mutation?). This study provides evidence that the treponematoses were transported to the New World by way of at least two migrations, one bringing yaws; the other, Bejel. The population with Bejel likely derived from a different population than that with yaws. Given the absence of treponemal disease variation in the very wide spectrum of environments represented by the Bejel-afflicted populations, it is clear that environment is not the factor determining disease character. This study expands on animal studies documenting that the individual treponematoses are separate diseases and not simply climate-induced variation.
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Treponemal disease in the New World
Current Anthropology, 1996Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, Christine RothschildAbstract:Etude de trois types de treponematoses : la syphilis venerienne, la syphilis endemique ou Bejel et du pian ou yaws. L'etude de plusieurs restes humains osseux des Etats-Unis suggere que la syphilis deriverait des yaws
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treponemal disease revisited skeletal discriminators for yaws Bejel and venereal syphilis
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1995Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, Christine RothschildAbstract:Assigning responsibility for the origins of treponemal disease has been complicated because of the (diagnostic) impreciseness of the historical written record and the inability to microbiologically distinguish among the treponematoses. Bedouin skeletal remains of individuals from the Negev area of Israel who had Bejel, skeletons from the Todd human skeleton collection of individuals in whom syphilis was diagnosed, and skeletal remains from Guam of individuals who had yaws were analyzed to quantitatively assess their skeletal damage. The osseous reactions, although reproducible for each variety of treponemal disease, are not uniform among these skeletons. Examination of population frequency, demographics, character, and skeletal distribution of osseous treponemal damage in these skeletal sites provides clear, reproducible clues to the identity of the underlying treponematosis: Bejel and yaws are common (>20% according to skeletal findings) in the population. Syphilis and Bejel usually spare the hands and feet. Yaws tends to be more polyostotic. Analysis of these parameters as population phenomena in preColumbian archeological sites should afford the opportunity to define the origins of the various treponemal disorders
Bruce M Rothschild - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climate and new world periosteal reaction patterns implications for migration routes into the western hemisphere
Historical Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, R A RogersAbstract:The presence of the diseases yaws and Bejel are indicated by periosteal reaction patterns. The distributions of these two diseases in ancient North American human populations show evidence of climatic influence. Those ancient populations lacking either yaws or Bejel (the null periosteal reaction pattern) can be found in the coldest parts of the Cold Winter Regions. Those populations with yaws (the poly-ostotic periosteal reaction) can be found in the milder portions of the Cold Winter Regions. The populations with Bejel (the pauci-ostotic periosteal reaction) are found either outside of or marginal to Cold Winter Regions. The Bering Strait area is considered to be the gateway to the ancient New World. The cold climates present in this area should have influenced the routes available for the diseases to spread from population to population or by migration of infected populations into the Western Hemisphere. It is suggested that the coastal route with its milder maritime climate was the route taken by yaws ...
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Climate and New World periosteal reaction patterns: implications for migration routes into the western hemisphere.
Historical biology, 2009Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, R A RogersAbstract:The presence of the diseases yaws and Bejel are indicated by periosteal reaction patterns. The distributions of these two diseases in ancient North American human populations show evidence of climatic influence. Those ancient populations lacking either yaws or Bejel (the null periosteal reaction pattern) can be found in the coldest parts of the Cold Winter Regions. Those populations with yaws (the poly-ostotic periosteal reaction) can be found in the milder portions of the Cold Winter Regions. The populations with Bejel (the pauci-ostotic periosteal reaction) are found either outside of or marginal to Cold Winter Regions. The Bering Strait area is considered to be the gateway to the ancient New World. The cold climates present in this area should have influenced the routes available for the diseases to spread from population to population or by migration of infected populations into the Western Hemisphere. It is suggested that the coastal route with its milder maritime climate was the route taken by yaws when it entered the New World. The presence of Bejel in ancient North America presents a conundrum. The climate would have blocked the spread of the disease from Siberia to Alaska in either Late Glacial or Holocene times. This suggests that our present view of migration routes is incomplete.
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Bejel: acquirable only in childhood?
Acta tropica, 2006Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, Christine Rothschild, Virginia Naples, Michel Billard, Barbara PaneroAbstract:Bejel clearly has a long history in the Middle East and the Sudan, but was it transmitted to Europe? As the major manifestation of Bejel is presence of periosteal reaction in 20-40% of afflicted populations, absence of significant population frequency of periosteal reaction in Europe would exclude that diagnosis. Examination of skeletal populations from continental Europe revealed no significant periosteal reaction at the time of and immediately subsequent to the Crusades. Thus, there is no evidence for Bejel in Europe, in spite of clear contact (the mechanism of Bejel transmission in children) between warring groups, at least during the Crusades. This supports the hypothesis that Bejel is a childhood-acquired disease and apparently cannot be contracted in adulthood.
-
unique aspects of west coast treponematosis
Chungara, 2000Co-Authors: El J Molto, Bruce M Rothschild, Robert J Woods, Christine RothschildAbstract:Skeletal populations from the western coast of North America clearly were afflicted with a treponemal disease very different from that previously documented elsewhere in North America. Six populations from west of the Sierra Cascades were compared with 5 sites east of the Cascades. A high population frequency (both in adults and subadults) of pauci-ostotic, periostitis was noted in the six western skeletal populations, identical to that reported previously with Bejel in Negev Bedouins, Sudanese Nubians, and the Kit site from Iraq. Early populations, from east of the Cascades, had a very different polyostotic disease pattern, characteristic of yaws, and identical to that previously reported in Guam. Both patterns were clearly distinguished from syphilis, which appears to be a later development (mutation?). This study provides evidence that the treponematoses were transported to the New World by way of at least two migrations, one bringing yaws; the other, Bejel. The population with Bejel likely derived from a different population than that with yaws. Given the absence of treponemal disease variation in the very wide spectrum of environments represented by the Bejel-afflicted populations, it is clear that environment is not the factor determining disease character. This study expands on animal studies documenting that the individual treponematoses are separate diseases and not simply climate-induced variation.
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Treponemal disease in the New World
Current Anthropology, 1996Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, Christine RothschildAbstract:Etude de trois types de treponematoses : la syphilis venerienne, la syphilis endemique ou Bejel et du pian ou yaws. L'etude de plusieurs restes humains osseux des Etats-Unis suggere que la syphilis deriverait des yaws
David Šmajs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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No Bejel among Surinamese, Antillean and Dutch syphilis diagnosed patients in Amsterdam between 2006-2018 evidenced by multi-locus sequence typing of Treponema pallidum isolates.
PloS one, 2020Co-Authors: Hélène C. A. Zondag, Sylvia M. Bruisten, Eliška Vrbová, David ŠmajsAbstract:Background Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (TPA) and subsp. endemicum (TEN) are the causative agents of syphilis and Bejel, respectively. TEN shows similar clinical manifestations and is morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from TPA. Recently, Bejel was found outside of its assumed endemic areas. Using molecular typing we aimed to discover Bejel and characterize circulating TPA types among syphilis cases with Surinamese, Antillean and Dutch ethnicity in Amsterdam. Methods DNA was extracted from 137 ulcer swabs, which tested positive in the in-house diagnostic PCR targeting the polA gene. Samples were collected between 2006 and 2018 from Surinamese, Antillean and Dutch patients attending the Amsterdam STI clinic. Multilocus sequence typing was performed by partial sequence analysis of the tp0136, tp0548 and tp0705 genes. In addition, the 23S rRNA loci were analyzed for A2058G and A2059G macrolide resistance mutations. Results We found 17 distinct allelic profiles in 103/137 (75%) fully typed samples, which were all TPA and none TEN. Of the strains, 82.5% were SS14-like and 17.5% Nichols-like. The prevalence of Nichols-like strains found in this study is relatively high compared to nearby countries. The most prevalent types were 1.3.1 (42%) and 1.1.1 (19%), in concordance with similar TPA typing studies. The majority of the TPA types found were unique per country. New allelic types (7) and profiles (10) were found. The successfully sequenced 23S rRNA loci from 123/137 (90%) samples showed the presence of 79% A2058G and 2% A2059G mutations. Conclusions No TEN was found in the samples from different ethnicities residing in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, so no misdiagnoses occurred. Bejel has thus not (yet) spread as a sexually transmitted disease in the Netherlands. The strain diversity found in this study reflects the local male STI clinic population which is a diverse, mixed group.
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Bejel in Cuba: molecular identification of Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum in patients diagnosed with venereal syphilis.
Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Angel A. Noda, Linda Grillová, Reto Lienhard, Orestes Blanco, Islay Rodríguez, David ŠmajsAbstract:Abstract Objectives Bejel, caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum (TEN), was until now considered as a non-venereal disease endemic in areas with hot and dry climates. This study has identified TEN in clinical samples from Cuban patients previously diagnosed with syphilis. Methods We performed sequencing-based molecular typing on 92 samples from Cuban individuals diagnosed with syphilis. Moreover, to differentiate T. pallidum subspecies, multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) was designed and was applied to suspicious samples. Results Nine samples, from six patients, had a nucleotide sequence similarity (at all typing loci) to the Bosnia A genome, which is the infectious agent of Bejel. Additionally, MLSA clearly supported a TEN classification for the treponemal samples. Clinical and epidemiological data from the six patients also suggested sexual transmission of Bejel as well as the endemicity of this rare treponematosis in Cuba. Conclusions Molecular identification of Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum , the agent of Bejel, in Cuban patients diagnosed with syphilis indicates the clear limitations of a diagnosis based exclusively on serology, geographical occurrence, clinical symptoms and anamnestic data. This finding has important implications for Global Public Health Systems, including paradigm changes regarding the location of endemic outbreaks, clinical aspects and transmission of this neglected disease.
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Common yaws, Bejel, and pinta lesions in 2013.
2013Co-Authors: Oriol Mitjà, David Šmajs, Quique BassatAbstract:Papillomatous primary yaws lesion (A); disseminated papilloma of secondary yaws (B); labial mucosal plaques of primary Bejel (C); disfiguring infiltration of the nose, glabella, and forehead in a patient with secondary Bejel (D); squamous plaque of primary pinta (E); late achromic pinta (F). Sources of photographs: O. Mitjà, Papua New Guinea (A, B); A. Abdolrasouli, Iran (C, D); F. Gómez, Mexico (E, F). The individuals photographed for this publication were informed of the purpose of the photograph and they agreed to have their photograph taken and potentially published.
Georges Diatta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nonhuman primates across sub saharan africa are infected with the yaws bacterium treponema pallidum subsp pertenue
Emerging microbes & infections, 2018Co-Authors: Sascha Knauf, Michal Strouhal, Idrissa S Chuma, Lenka Mikalova, Roy Armstrong, Jan F Gogarten, Verena J Schuenemann, Bernard Davoust, E. K. Batamuzi, Georges DiattaAbstract:The bacterium Treponema pallidum (TP) causes human syphilis (subsp. pallidum; TPA), Bejel (subsp. endemicum; TEN), and yaws (subsp. pertenue; TPE). Although syphilis has reached a worldwide distribution, Bejel and yaws have remained endemic diseases. Bejel affects individuals in dry areas of Sahelian Africa and Saudi Arabia, whereas yaws affects those living in the humid tropics. Yaws is currently reported as endemic in 14 countries, and an additional 84 countries have a known history of yaws but lack recent epidemiological data. Although this disease was subject to global eradication efforts in the mid-20th century, it later reemerged in West Africa, Southern Asia, and the Pacific region5. New large-scale treatment options triggered the ongoing second eradication campaign, the goal of which is to eradicate yaws globally by 2020.
Sascha Knauf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nonhuman primates across sub saharan africa are infected with the yaws bacterium treponema pallidum subsp pertenue
Emerging microbes & infections, 2018Co-Authors: Sascha Knauf, Michal Strouhal, Idrissa S Chuma, Lenka Mikalova, Roy Armstrong, Jan F Gogarten, Verena J Schuenemann, Bernard Davoust, E. K. Batamuzi, Georges DiattaAbstract:The bacterium Treponema pallidum (TP) causes human syphilis (subsp. pallidum; TPA), Bejel (subsp. endemicum; TEN), and yaws (subsp. pertenue; TPE). Although syphilis has reached a worldwide distribution, Bejel and yaws have remained endemic diseases. Bejel affects individuals in dry areas of Sahelian Africa and Saudi Arabia, whereas yaws affects those living in the humid tropics. Yaws is currently reported as endemic in 14 countries, and an additional 84 countries have a known history of yaws but lack recent epidemiological data. Although this disease was subject to global eradication efforts in the mid-20th century, it later reemerged in West Africa, Southern Asia, and the Pacific region5. New large-scale treatment options triggered the ongoing second eradication campaign, the goal of which is to eradicate yaws globally by 2020.