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Demetrius Albanes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Serum Metabolomic Response to Long-Term Supplementation with all-rac-α-Tocopheryl Acetate in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Hindawi Limited, 2016Co-Authors: Alison M. Mondul, Steven C. Moore, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Anne M. Evans, Edward D. Karoly, Satu Männistö, Joshua N. Sampson, Demetrius AlbanesAbstract:Background. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, a randomized controlled cancer prevention trial, showed a 32% reduction in prostate cancer incidence in response to vitamin E supplementation. Two other trials were not confirmatory, however. Objective. We compared the change in serum metabolome of the ATBC Study participants randomized to receive vitamin E to those who were not by randomly selecting 50 men from each of the intervention groups (50 mg/day all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (ATA), 20 mg/day β-carotene, both, placebo). Methods. Metabolomic profiling was conducted on baseline and follow-up fasting serum (Metabolon, Inc.). Results. After correction for multiple comparisons, five metabolites were statistically significantly altered (β is the change in metabolite level expressed as number of standard deviations on the log scale): α-CEHC sulfate (β=1.51, p=1.45×10-38), α-CEHC glucuronide (β=1.41, p=1.02×10-31), α-tocopherol (β=0.97, p=2.22×10-13), γ-tocopherol (β=-0.90, p=1.76×10-11), and β-tocopherol (β=-0.73, p=9.40×10-8). Glutarylcarnitine, beta-alanine, ornithine, and N6-acetyllysine were also decreased by ATA supplementation (β range 0.40 to −0.36), but not statistically significantly. Conclusions. Comparison of the observed metabolite alterations resulting from ATA supplementation to those in other vitamin E trials of different populations, dosages, or formulations may shed light on the apparently discordant vitamin E-prostate cancer risk findings
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abstract 2183 serum alpha tocopherol beta carotene and cancer survival in the atbc study
Cancer Research, 2014Co-Authors: Kristin A Moy, Satu Männistö, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Demetrius AlbanesAbstract:Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background: Tocopherols and carotenoids are naturally occurring antioxidants found in foods that have been shown to affect cancer incidence and progression in laboratory studies. Both α-tocopherol and β-carotene have been studies in relation to cancer incidence but data examining their associations with cancer survival are sparse. Methods: We prospectively examined serum α-tocopherol, β-carotene and all cancer survival in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort of male smokers enrolled between 1985 and 1988. Fasting serum α-tocopherol and β-carotene were assessed in baseline samples donated prior to cancer diagnosis. As of 2010, there were 10,269 deaths in the cohort of which 6,670 were cancer-related. All cancer survival as well as site-specific cancer survival was examined using the Kaplan-Meier method with deaths from other causes treated as censored events. Follow-up time was calculated from the date of diagnosis to death or censoring date, whichever came first. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between α-tocopherol and β-carotene and cancer survival. Regression models included age at randomization, body mass index, age at cancer diagnosis, smoking years, and serum total cholesterol. Results: Higher baseline serum α-tocopherol and β-carotene were significantly associated with improved overall cancer survival in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to the lowest quintile (Q1), the hazards ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for the highest quintile (Q5) of α-tocopherol was 0.81 (0.74, 0.89), Ptrend<0.0001. Similarly, the HR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1 for β-carotene was 0.72 (0.67, 0.78), Ptrend<0.0001. When examining specific cancer sites, higher serum α-tocopherol at baseline was associated with improved survival of: colorectal cancer, HR (95% CI) Q5: 0.62 (0.40, 0.97), Ptrend=0.005, and pancreatic cancer, HR (95% CI) Q5: 0.76 (0.51, 1.13), Ptrend=0.07. Higher baseline serum β-carotene was significantly associated with improved survival of: lung cancer, HR (95% CI) Q5: 0.83 (0.74, 0.93), Ptrend=0.0009; stomach cancer, HR (95% CI) Q5: 0.61 (0.38, 0.96), Ptrend=0.01; and, liver cancer HR (95% CI) Q5: 0.53 (0.30, 0.95), Ptrend=0.02. Serum β-carotene was also associated with a marginally significant improvement in survival of prostate cancer (Q5 HR (95% CI) 0.87 (0.66, 1.14), Ptrend=0.05) and bladder cancer (Q5 HR 0.63 (0.38, 1.05), Ptrend=0.03). Conclusion: Higher circulating concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene are related to improved cancer survival in this cohort of male smokers. These results suggest higher dietary intake of these micronutrients prior to cancer diagnosis may contribute to improved survival. Replication of our findings and mechanistic studies are warranted to shed light on the observed associations. Citation Format: Kristin A. Moy, Stephanie Weinstein, Satu Mannisto, Demetrius Albanes. Serum alpha-tocopherol, beta carotene and cancer survival in the ATBC Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2183. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2183
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effect of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation on macrovascular complications and total mortality from diabetes results of the atbc study
Annals of Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Merja Katajatuomola, Demetrius Albanes, Satu Männistö, Jukka Kontto, Jarmo VirtamoAbstract:AbstractAim. To determine whether alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene supplementation affects diabetic macrovascular complications and total mortality.Methods. This study was carried out as part of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, a double-blind, randomized trial with a 2×2 factorial design. A total of 29,133 middle-aged male smokers received either vitamin E 50 mg/day or beta-carotene 20 mg/day, or both, or placebo for a median of 6.1 years. At base-line, 1700 men had type 2 diabetes. Of these men, 662 were diagnosed with first-ever macrovascular complication, and 1142 died during the 19-year follow-up.Results. Neither supplementation affected the risk of macrovascular complication or total mortality during the intervention period. For the alpha-tocopherol-supplemented versus no alpha-tocopherol-supplemented, and beta-carotene-supplemented versus no beta-carotene-supplemented we found relative risk (RR) 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–1.10) and RR 1.15 (95% CI 0.89–1.50)...
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Postintervention effect of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene on different strokes: a 6-year follow-up of the Alpha Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study.
Stroke, 2004Co-Authors: Markareetta E. Törnwall, Mikko J. Virtanen, Pasi Korhonen, Demetrius Albanes, Jarmo Virtamo, Jussi K. HuttunenAbstract:Background and Purpose— In the Alpha Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, alpha tocopherol supplementation decreased risk of cerebral infarction by 14% (95% CI, −25% to −1%), and beta carotene increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage by 62% (95% CI, 10% to 132%). We report here the 6-year postintervention effects of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation on stroke and its subtypes. Methods— A total of 29 133 male smokers, aged 50 to 69 years, were randomized to receive 50 mg of alpha tocopherol, 20 mg of beta carotene, both, or placebo daily for 5 to 8 years. At the beginning of the post-trial follow-up, 24 382 men were still at risk for first-ever stroke. During the post-trial follow-up, 1327 men experienced a stroke: 1087 cerebral infarctions, 148 intracerebral hemorrhages, 64 subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 28 unspecified strokes. Results— Post-trial risk for cerebral infarction was elevated among those who had received alpha tocopherol compared with those who had not (relativ...
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incidence of cancer and mortality following alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation a postintervention follow up
JAMA, 2003Co-Authors: Jarmo Virtamo, Mikko J. Virtanen, Jussi K. Huttunen, Pasi Korhonen, Demetrius Albanes, Pirjo Pietinen, Nea Malila, Phil R Taylor, Paul S AlbertAbstract:CONTEXT: In the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, alpha-tocopherol supplementation decreased prostate cancer incidence, whereas beta-carotene increased the risk of lung cancer and total mortality. Postintervention follow-up provides information regarding duration of the intervention effects and may reveal potential late effects of these antioxidants. OBJECTIVE: To analyze postintervention effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on cancer incidence and total and cause-specific mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Postintervention follow-up assessment of cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality (6 years [May 1, 1993-April 30, 1999]) and total mortality (8 years [May 1, 1993-April 30, 2001]) of 25 563 men. In the ATBC Study, 29 133 male smokers aged 50 to 69 years received alpha-tocopherol (50 mg), beta-carotene (20 mg), both agents, or placebo daily for 5 to 8 years. End point information was obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Register of Causes of Death. Cancer cases were confirmed through medical record review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Site-specific cancer incidence and total and cause-specific mortality and calendar time-specific risk for lung cancer incidence and total mortality. RESULTS: Overall posttrial relative risk (RR) for lung cancer incidence (n = 1037) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.20) among recipients of beta-carotene compared with nonrecipients. For prostate cancer incidence (n = 672), the RR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.76-1.03) for participants receiving alpha-tocopherol compared with nonrecipients. No late preventive effects on other cancers were observed for either supplement. There were 7261 individuals who died by April 30, 2001, during the posttrial follow-up period; the RR was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.96-1.05) for alpha-tocopherol recipients vs nonrecipients and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.12) for beta-carotene recipients vs nonrecipients. Regarding duration of intervention effects and potential late effects, the excess risk for beta-carotene recipients was no longer evident 4 to 6 years after ending the intervention and was primarily due to cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial and adverse effects of supplemental alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene disappeared during postintervention follow-up. The preventive effects of alpha-tocopherol on prostate cancer require confirmation in other trials. Smokers should avoid beta-carotene supplementation.
Jarmo Virtamo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation on macrovascular complications and total mortality from diabetes results of the atbc study
Annals of Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Merja Katajatuomola, Demetrius Albanes, Satu Männistö, Jukka Kontto, Jarmo VirtamoAbstract:AbstractAim. To determine whether alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene supplementation affects diabetic macrovascular complications and total mortality.Methods. This study was carried out as part of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, a double-blind, randomized trial with a 2×2 factorial design. A total of 29,133 middle-aged male smokers received either vitamin E 50 mg/day or beta-carotene 20 mg/day, or both, or placebo for a median of 6.1 years. At base-line, 1700 men had type 2 diabetes. Of these men, 662 were diagnosed with first-ever macrovascular complication, and 1142 died during the 19-year follow-up.Results. Neither supplementation affected the risk of macrovascular complication or total mortality during the intervention period. For the alpha-tocopherol-supplemented versus no alpha-tocopherol-supplemented, and beta-carotene-supplemented versus no beta-carotene-supplemented we found relative risk (RR) 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–1.10) and RR 1.15 (95% CI 0.89–1.50)...
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long term supplementation with alpha tocopherol and beta carotene and age related cataract
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, 2009Co-Authors: J M Teikari, M Rautalahti, Juni Palmgren, Jarmo Virtamo, K Liesto, Olli P. HeinonenAbstract:Purpose: To study if long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or betacarotene is associated with cataract prevalence and severity. Methods: An end-of-trial random sample of 1828 participants from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study. The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study was originally designed to examine whether supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene would reduce the incidence of lung cancer in male smokers. The participants for this study lived in Helsinki City or Uusimaa province and were at entry to the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study 50 to 69 years old and smoked at least 5 cigarettes per day. They received alpha-tocopherol 50 mg/day, beta-carotene 20 mg/day, a combination of the two, or placebo supplements for 5 to 8 years (median 6.6 years). Outcome measures were: cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataract, differentiated and quantified with lens opacity classification system (LOCS 11). Lens opacity meter provided a continuous measure of cataract density. Results: Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene was not associated with the end-of-trial prevalence of nuclear (odds ratio 1.1 and 1.2, respectively), cortical (odds ratio 1.0 and 1.3, respectively), or posterior subcapsular cataract (odds ratio 1.1 and 1.0, respectively) when adjusted for possible confounders in logistic model. Neither did the median lens opacity meter values differ between the supplementation groups, indicating no effect of alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene on cataract severity. Conclusion- Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene for 5 to 8 years does not influence the cataract prevalence among middle-aged, smoking men.
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Postintervention effect of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene on different strokes: a 6-year follow-up of the Alpha Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study.
Stroke, 2004Co-Authors: Markareetta E. Törnwall, Mikko J. Virtanen, Pasi Korhonen, Demetrius Albanes, Jarmo Virtamo, Jussi K. HuttunenAbstract:Background and Purpose— In the Alpha Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, alpha tocopherol supplementation decreased risk of cerebral infarction by 14% (95% CI, −25% to −1%), and beta carotene increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage by 62% (95% CI, 10% to 132%). We report here the 6-year postintervention effects of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation on stroke and its subtypes. Methods— A total of 29 133 male smokers, aged 50 to 69 years, were randomized to receive 50 mg of alpha tocopherol, 20 mg of beta carotene, both, or placebo daily for 5 to 8 years. At the beginning of the post-trial follow-up, 24 382 men were still at risk for first-ever stroke. During the post-trial follow-up, 1327 men experienced a stroke: 1087 cerebral infarctions, 148 intracerebral hemorrhages, 64 subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 28 unspecified strokes. Results— Post-trial risk for cerebral infarction was elevated among those who had received alpha tocopherol compared with those who had not (relativ...
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incidence of cancer and mortality following alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation a postintervention follow up
JAMA, 2003Co-Authors: Jarmo Virtamo, Mikko J. Virtanen, Jussi K. Huttunen, Pasi Korhonen, Demetrius Albanes, Pirjo Pietinen, Nea Malila, Phil R Taylor, Paul S AlbertAbstract:CONTEXT: In the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, alpha-tocopherol supplementation decreased prostate cancer incidence, whereas beta-carotene increased the risk of lung cancer and total mortality. Postintervention follow-up provides information regarding duration of the intervention effects and may reveal potential late effects of these antioxidants. OBJECTIVE: To analyze postintervention effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on cancer incidence and total and cause-specific mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Postintervention follow-up assessment of cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality (6 years [May 1, 1993-April 30, 1999]) and total mortality (8 years [May 1, 1993-April 30, 2001]) of 25 563 men. In the ATBC Study, 29 133 male smokers aged 50 to 69 years received alpha-tocopherol (50 mg), beta-carotene (20 mg), both agents, or placebo daily for 5 to 8 years. End point information was obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Register of Causes of Death. Cancer cases were confirmed through medical record review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Site-specific cancer incidence and total and cause-specific mortality and calendar time-specific risk for lung cancer incidence and total mortality. RESULTS: Overall posttrial relative risk (RR) for lung cancer incidence (n = 1037) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.20) among recipients of beta-carotene compared with nonrecipients. For prostate cancer incidence (n = 672), the RR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.76-1.03) for participants receiving alpha-tocopherol compared with nonrecipients. No late preventive effects on other cancers were observed for either supplement. There were 7261 individuals who died by April 30, 2001, during the posttrial follow-up period; the RR was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.96-1.05) for alpha-tocopherol recipients vs nonrecipients and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.12) for beta-carotene recipients vs nonrecipients. Regarding duration of intervention effects and potential late effects, the excess risk for beta-carotene recipients was no longer evident 4 to 6 years after ending the intervention and was primarily due to cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial and adverse effects of supplemental alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene disappeared during postintervention follow-up. The preventive effects of alpha-tocopherol on prostate cancer require confirmation in other trials. Smokers should avoid beta-carotene supplementation.
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Effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on gastric cancer incidence in male smokers (ATBC Study, Finland)
Cancer Causes & Control, 2002Co-Authors: Nea Malila, Mikko J. Virtanen, Jussi K. Huttunen, Pasi Korhonen, Demetrius Albanes, Philip R Taylor, Jarmo VirtamoAbstract:Objectives : This study investigated the effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of gastric cancer. Methods : A total of 29,133 male smokers, aged 50–69 years, participated in a placebo-controlled prevention trial, the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study in southwestern Finland between 1985 and 1993. The men were randomly assigned to receive alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/day) or beta-carotene (20 mg/day) supplementation in a 2 × 2 factorial design. We identified 126 gastric cancer cases during the median follow-up of six years. Of these, 122 were adenocarcinomas: 75 of intestinal type, 30 of diffuse type, and 17 of mixed type. Results : There was no significant effect for either supplementation on the overall incidence of gastric cancer: relative risk (RR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–1.74 for alpha-tocopherol, and RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.88–1.80 for beta-carotene. Subgroup analyses by histologic type suggested an increased risk for beta-carotene on intestinal type cancers, RR 1.59, 95% CI 0.99–2.56. There were no differences across anatomic locations (cardia/noncardia) in the effects of alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene supplementation. Conclusions : Our study found no overall preventive effect of long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene on gastric cancer in middle-aged male smokers.
Jussi K. Huttunen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Postintervention effect of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene on different strokes: a 6-year follow-up of the Alpha Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study.
Stroke, 2004Co-Authors: Markareetta E. Törnwall, Mikko J. Virtanen, Pasi Korhonen, Demetrius Albanes, Jarmo Virtamo, Jussi K. HuttunenAbstract:Background and Purpose— In the Alpha Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, alpha tocopherol supplementation decreased risk of cerebral infarction by 14% (95% CI, −25% to −1%), and beta carotene increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage by 62% (95% CI, 10% to 132%). We report here the 6-year postintervention effects of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation on stroke and its subtypes. Methods— A total of 29 133 male smokers, aged 50 to 69 years, were randomized to receive 50 mg of alpha tocopherol, 20 mg of beta carotene, both, or placebo daily for 5 to 8 years. At the beginning of the post-trial follow-up, 24 382 men were still at risk for first-ever stroke. During the post-trial follow-up, 1327 men experienced a stroke: 1087 cerebral infarctions, 148 intracerebral hemorrhages, 64 subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 28 unspecified strokes. Results— Post-trial risk for cerebral infarction was elevated among those who had received alpha tocopherol compared with those who had not (relativ...
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incidence of cancer and mortality following alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation a postintervention follow up
JAMA, 2003Co-Authors: Jarmo Virtamo, Mikko J. Virtanen, Jussi K. Huttunen, Pasi Korhonen, Demetrius Albanes, Pirjo Pietinen, Nea Malila, Phil R Taylor, Paul S AlbertAbstract:CONTEXT: In the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, alpha-tocopherol supplementation decreased prostate cancer incidence, whereas beta-carotene increased the risk of lung cancer and total mortality. Postintervention follow-up provides information regarding duration of the intervention effects and may reveal potential late effects of these antioxidants. OBJECTIVE: To analyze postintervention effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on cancer incidence and total and cause-specific mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Postintervention follow-up assessment of cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality (6 years [May 1, 1993-April 30, 1999]) and total mortality (8 years [May 1, 1993-April 30, 2001]) of 25 563 men. In the ATBC Study, 29 133 male smokers aged 50 to 69 years received alpha-tocopherol (50 mg), beta-carotene (20 mg), both agents, or placebo daily for 5 to 8 years. End point information was obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Register of Causes of Death. Cancer cases were confirmed through medical record review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Site-specific cancer incidence and total and cause-specific mortality and calendar time-specific risk for lung cancer incidence and total mortality. RESULTS: Overall posttrial relative risk (RR) for lung cancer incidence (n = 1037) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.20) among recipients of beta-carotene compared with nonrecipients. For prostate cancer incidence (n = 672), the RR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.76-1.03) for participants receiving alpha-tocopherol compared with nonrecipients. No late preventive effects on other cancers were observed for either supplement. There were 7261 individuals who died by April 30, 2001, during the posttrial follow-up period; the RR was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.96-1.05) for alpha-tocopherol recipients vs nonrecipients and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.12) for beta-carotene recipients vs nonrecipients. Regarding duration of intervention effects and potential late effects, the excess risk for beta-carotene recipients was no longer evident 4 to 6 years after ending the intervention and was primarily due to cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial and adverse effects of supplemental alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene disappeared during postintervention follow-up. The preventive effects of alpha-tocopherol on prostate cancer require confirmation in other trials. Smokers should avoid beta-carotene supplementation.
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Effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on gastric cancer incidence in male smokers (ATBC Study, Finland)
Cancer Causes & Control, 2002Co-Authors: Nea Malila, Mikko J. Virtanen, Jussi K. Huttunen, Pasi Korhonen, Demetrius Albanes, Philip R Taylor, Jarmo VirtamoAbstract:Objectives : This study investigated the effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of gastric cancer. Methods : A total of 29,133 male smokers, aged 50–69 years, participated in a placebo-controlled prevention trial, the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study in southwestern Finland between 1985 and 1993. The men were randomly assigned to receive alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/day) or beta-carotene (20 mg/day) supplementation in a 2 × 2 factorial design. We identified 126 gastric cancer cases during the median follow-up of six years. Of these, 122 were adenocarcinomas: 75 of intestinal type, 30 of diffuse type, and 17 of mixed type. Results : There was no significant effect for either supplementation on the overall incidence of gastric cancer: relative risk (RR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–1.74 for alpha-tocopherol, and RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.88–1.80 for beta-carotene. Subgroup analyses by histologic type suggested an increased risk for beta-carotene on intestinal type cancers, RR 1.59, 95% CI 0.99–2.56. There were no differences across anatomic locations (cardia/noncardia) in the effects of alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene supplementation. Conclusions : Our study found no overall preventive effect of long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene on gastric cancer in middle-aged male smokers.
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effects of supplemental alpha tocopherol and beta carotene on urinary tract cancer incidence and mortality in a controlled trial finland
Cancer Causes & Control, 2000Co-Authors: Jarmo Virtamo, Mikko J. Virtanen, Jussi K. Huttunen, Demetrius Albanes, Philip R Taylor, Brenda K Edwards, Anne M Hartman, Nea Malila, Paivi Hietanen, Hanna MaenpaaAbstract:Objectives: Epidemiological studies have suggested a protective effect of vegetables and fruits on urinary tract cancer but the possible protective nutrients are unknown. We studied the effect of alpha-tocopherol (a form of vitamin E) and beta-carotene supplementation on urinary tract cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. Methods: A total of 29,133 male smokers aged 50–69 years from southwestern Finland were randomly assigned to receive alpha-tocopherol (50 mg), beta-carotene (20 mg), both agents, or a placebo daily for 5–8 years (median 6.1 years). Incident urothelial cancers (bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis; n = 169) and renal cell cancers (n = 102) were identified through the nationwide cancer registry. The diagnoses were centrally confirmed by review of medical records and pathology specimens. The supplementation effects were estimated using a proportional hazards model. Results: Neither alpha-tocopherol nor beta-carotene affected the incidence of urothelial cancer, relative risk 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8–1.5) and 1.0 (95% CI 0.7–1.3), respectively, or the incidence of renal cell cancer, relative risk 1.1 (95% CI 0.7–1.6) and 0.8 (95% CI 0.6–1.3), respectively. Conclusion: Long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene has no preventive effect on urinary tract cancers in middle-aged male smokers.
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the effect of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation on symptoms and progression of intermittent claudication in a controlled trial
Atherosclerosis, 1999Co-Authors: Markareetta E. Törnwall, Demetrius Albanes, Jarmo Virtamo, Jari Haukka, Antti Aro, Jussi K. HuttunenAbstract:We evaluated the effect of long-term supplementation with vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and beta-carotene on occurrence of claudication symptoms and risk for peripheral vascular surgery among men with intermittent claudication. Subjects, 50-69-year old male smokers, were participants in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, who reported intermittent claudication through a structured questionnaire (Rose) at study entry (n=1484). They were randomly assigned to receive either 50 mg/day of alpha-tocopherol, or 20 mg/day of beta-carotene, or both, or placebo, in a 2 x 2 design. During follow-up, claudication was evaluated by repeating use of the questionnaire once a year. Information on peripheral vascular surgery came from the National Hospital Discharge Register. We observed no effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on claudication during a mean follow-up of 3.7 years. A slightly increased risk (odds ratio (OR) 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-2.44) for vascular surgery was observed among beta-carotene supplemented men compared to those who did not receive beta-carotene. Alpha-tocopherol supplementation had no effect. In conclusion, long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene showed no beneficial effect on symptoms and progression of intermittent claudication.
Philip R Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on gastric cancer incidence in male smokers (ATBC Study, Finland)
Cancer Causes & Control, 2002Co-Authors: Nea Malila, Mikko J. Virtanen, Jussi K. Huttunen, Pasi Korhonen, Demetrius Albanes, Philip R Taylor, Jarmo VirtamoAbstract:Objectives : This study investigated the effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of gastric cancer. Methods : A total of 29,133 male smokers, aged 50–69 years, participated in a placebo-controlled prevention trial, the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study in southwestern Finland between 1985 and 1993. The men were randomly assigned to receive alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/day) or beta-carotene (20 mg/day) supplementation in a 2 × 2 factorial design. We identified 126 gastric cancer cases during the median follow-up of six years. Of these, 122 were adenocarcinomas: 75 of intestinal type, 30 of diffuse type, and 17 of mixed type. Results : There was no significant effect for either supplementation on the overall incidence of gastric cancer: relative risk (RR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–1.74 for alpha-tocopherol, and RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.88–1.80 for beta-carotene. Subgroup analyses by histologic type suggested an increased risk for beta-carotene on intestinal type cancers, RR 1.59, 95% CI 0.99–2.56. There were no differences across anatomic locations (cardia/noncardia) in the effects of alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene supplementation. Conclusions : Our study found no overall preventive effect of long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene on gastric cancer in middle-aged male smokers.
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effects of supplemental alpha tocopherol and beta carotene on urinary tract cancer incidence and mortality in a controlled trial finland
Cancer Causes & Control, 2000Co-Authors: Jarmo Virtamo, Mikko J. Virtanen, Jussi K. Huttunen, Demetrius Albanes, Philip R Taylor, Brenda K Edwards, Anne M Hartman, Nea Malila, Paivi Hietanen, Hanna MaenpaaAbstract:Objectives: Epidemiological studies have suggested a protective effect of vegetables and fruits on urinary tract cancer but the possible protective nutrients are unknown. We studied the effect of alpha-tocopherol (a form of vitamin E) and beta-carotene supplementation on urinary tract cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. Methods: A total of 29,133 male smokers aged 50–69 years from southwestern Finland were randomly assigned to receive alpha-tocopherol (50 mg), beta-carotene (20 mg), both agents, or a placebo daily for 5–8 years (median 6.1 years). Incident urothelial cancers (bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis; n = 169) and renal cell cancers (n = 102) were identified through the nationwide cancer registry. The diagnoses were centrally confirmed by review of medical records and pathology specimens. The supplementation effects were estimated using a proportional hazards model. Results: Neither alpha-tocopherol nor beta-carotene affected the incidence of urothelial cancer, relative risk 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8–1.5) and 1.0 (95% CI 0.7–1.3), respectively, or the incidence of renal cell cancer, relative risk 1.1 (95% CI 0.7–1.6) and 0.8 (95% CI 0.6–1.3), respectively. Conclusion: Long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene has no preventive effect on urinary tract cancers in middle-aged male smokers.
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the association between baseline vitamin e selenium and prostate cancer in the alpha tocopherol beta carotene cancer prevention study
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 1998Co-Authors: T J Hartman, M Rautalahti, Demetrius Albanes, Anne M Hartman, Pirjo Pietinen, Joseph A Tangrea, Philip R TaylorAbstract:The association between prostate cancer and baseline vitamin E and selenium was evaluated in the trial-based cohort of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (n = 29,133). During up to 9 years of follow-up, 317 men developed incident prostate cancer. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models that adjusted for intervention group, benign prostatic hyperplasia, age, smoking, and urban residence were used to evaluate associations between prostate cancer and exposures of interest. There were no significant associations between baseline serum alpha-tocopherol, dietary vitamin E, or selenium and prostate cancer overall. The associations between prostate cancer and vitamin E and some of the baseline dietary tocopherols differed significantly by alpha-tocopherol intervention status, with the suggestion of a protective effect for total vitamin E among those who received the alpha-tocopherol intervention (relative risk was 1.00, 0.68, 0.80, and 0.52 for increasing quartiles; P = 0.07).
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gastric cancer and premalignant lesions in atrophic gastritis a controlled trial on the effect of supplementation with alpha tocopherol and beta carotene
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1998Co-Authors: K Varis, Jussi K. Huttunen, Demetrius Albanes, Philip R Taylor, P Sipponen, I M Samloff, O P Heinonen, Matti Harkonen, F Laxen, Jarmo VirtamoAbstract:Background: Vitamin E and beta-carotene are considered to decrease the risk of gastric cancer both in humans and in laboratory animals. We studied the effect of dietary supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on the end-of-trial prevalence of premalignant and malignant lesions of the stomach in older men with atrophic gastritis. Methods: The study was carried out within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC study) in Finland, in which 29,133 male smokers aged 50-69 years were randomly assigned to receive daily 50 mg alpha-tocopherol, 20 mg beta-carotene, both of these agents, or placebo, for 5-8 years. Serum pepsinogen was determined at base line and after 3 years' supplementation to find men with atrophic gastritis. A low serum pepsinogen I level, indicating atrophic gastritis of the corpus area of the stomach, was found in 2132 men. These men were invited to have upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (gastroscopy), which was performed on 1344 subjects after a media...
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α tocopherol and β carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha tocopherol beta carotene cancer prevention study effects of base line characteristics and study compliance
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1996Co-Authors: Demetrius Albanes, M Rautalahti, Juni Palmgren, Olli P. Heinonen, Jarmo Virtamo, Philip R Taylor, Brenda K Edwards, Anne M Hartman, Laurence S Freedman, J HaapakoskiAbstract:BACKGROUND: Experimental and epidemiologic investigations suggest that alpha-tocopherol (the most prevalent chemical form of vitamin E found in vegetable oils, seeds, grains, nuts, and other foods) and beta-carotene (a plant pigment and major precursor of vitamin A found in many yellow, orange, and dark-green, leafy vegetables and some fruit) might reduce the risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer. The initial findings of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC Study) indicated, however, that lung cancer incidence was increased among participants who received beta-carotene as a supplement. Similar results were recently reported by the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), which tested a combination of beta-carotene and vitamin A. PURPOSE: We examined the effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of lung cancer across subgroups of participants in the ATBC Study defined by base-line characteristics (e.g., age, number of cigarettes smoked, dietary or serum vitamin status, and alcohol consumption), by study compliance, and in relation to clinical factors, such as disease stage and histologic type. Our primary purpose was to determine whether the pattern of intervention effects across subgroups could facilitate further interpretation of the main ATBC Study results and shed light on potential mechanisms of action and relevance to other populations. METHODS: A total of 29,133 men aged 50-69 years who smoked five or more cigarettes daily were randomly assigned to receive alpha-tocopherol (50 mg), beta-carotene (20 mg), alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene, or a placebo daily for 5-8 years (median, 6.1 years). Data regarding smoking and other risk factors for lung cancer and dietary factors were obtained at study entry, along with measurements of serum levels of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene. Incident cases of lung cancer (n = 894) were identified through the Finnish Cancer Registry and death certificates. Each lung cancer diagnosis was independently confirmed, and histology or cytology was available for 94% of the cases. Intervention effects were evaluated by use of survival analysis and proportional hazards models. All P values were derived from two-sided statistical tests. RESULTS: No overall effect was observed for lung cancer from alpha-tocopherol supplementation (relative risk [RR] = 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87-1.13; P = .86, logrank test). beta-Carotene supplementation was associated with increased lung cancer risk (RR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.02-1.33; P = .02, logrank test). The beta-carotene effect appeared stronger, but not substantially different, in participants who smoked at least 20 cigarettes daily (RR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.07-1.46) compared with those who smoked five to 19 cigarettes daily (RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.76-1.23) and in those with a higher alcohol intake (> or = 11 g of ethanol/day [just under one drink per day]; RR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.01-1.81) compared with those with a lower intake (RR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.85-1.24). CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene does not prevent lung cancer in older men who smoke. beta-Carotene supplementation at pharmacologic levels may modestly increase lung cancer incidence in cigarette smokers, and this effect may be associated with heavier smoking and higher alcohol intake. IMPLICATIONS: While the most direct way to reduce lung cancer risk is not to smoke tobacco, smokers should avoid high-dose beta-carotene supplementation.
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long term supplementation with alpha tocopherol and beta carotene and age related cataract
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, 2009Co-Authors: J M Teikari, M Rautalahti, Juni Palmgren, Jarmo Virtamo, K Liesto, Olli P. HeinonenAbstract:Purpose: To study if long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or betacarotene is associated with cataract prevalence and severity. Methods: An end-of-trial random sample of 1828 participants from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study. The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study was originally designed to examine whether supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene would reduce the incidence of lung cancer in male smokers. The participants for this study lived in Helsinki City or Uusimaa province and were at entry to the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study 50 to 69 years old and smoked at least 5 cigarettes per day. They received alpha-tocopherol 50 mg/day, beta-carotene 20 mg/day, a combination of the two, or placebo supplements for 5 to 8 years (median 6.6 years). Outcome measures were: cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataract, differentiated and quantified with lens opacity classification system (LOCS 11). Lens opacity meter provided a continuous measure of cataract density. Results: Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene was not associated with the end-of-trial prevalence of nuclear (odds ratio 1.1 and 1.2, respectively), cortical (odds ratio 1.0 and 1.3, respectively), or posterior subcapsular cataract (odds ratio 1.1 and 1.0, respectively) when adjusted for possible confounders in logistic model. Neither did the median lens opacity meter values differ between the supplementation groups, indicating no effect of alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene on cataract severity. Conclusion- Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene for 5 to 8 years does not influence the cataract prevalence among middle-aged, smoking men.
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long term supplementation with alpha tocopherol and beta carotene and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in smokers
Oral Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: K Liede, Jari Haukka, Jarkko Hietanen, Leena Saxen, T Timonen, R Hayrinenimmonen, Olli P. HeinonenAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in smokers. DESIGN: An end-point examination of a random sample of participants in a controlled trial for 5–7 years (Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study) in Helsinki, Finland. SUBJECTS: A total of 409 white male cigarette smokers, aged 55–74 years who received either alpha-tocopherol (50 mg per day) or beta-carotene (20 mg per day) supplementation, both of these or placebo capsules. METHODS: Clinical examination of oral mucosae, histological examination of lesions showing leukoplakia and cytological examination of buccal epithelium. Statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the study groups either in the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions or in the cells of unkeratinized epithelium. Leukoplakia was present in 24 (5.9%) of the subjects. Seven lesions showed dysplasia. CONCLUSION: The present study on oral health does not support the hypothesis that alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene supplementation plays an essential role in preventing oral mucosal changes in smokers.
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incidence of cataract operations in finnish male smokers unaffected by alpha tocopherol or beta carotene supplements
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 1998Co-Authors: J M Teikari, M Rautalahti, Demetrius Albanes, Jarmo Virtamo, Anne M Hartman, Jari Haukka, P Jarvinen, Olli P. HeinonenAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation on the incidence of age related cataract extraction. SETTING: The Alpha-tocopherol Beta-carotene (ATBC) Study was a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, 2 x 2 factorial trial conducted in south western Finland. The cataract surgery study population of 28,934 male smokers 50-69 years of age at the start. INTERVENTION: Random assignment to one of four regimens: alpha tocopherol 50 mg per day, beta carotene 20 mg per day, both alpha tocopherol and beta carotene, or placebo. Follow up continued for five to eight years (median 5.7 years) with a total of 159,199 person years. OUTCOME MEASURE: Cataract extraction, ascertained from the National Hospital Discharge Registry. RESULTS: 425 men had cataract surgery because of senile or presenile cataract during the follow up. Of these, 112 men were in the alpha tocopherol alone group, 112 men in the beta carotene alone group, 96 men in the alpha tocopherol and beta carotene group, and 105 men in the placebo group. When supplementation with alpha tocopherol and with beta carotene were introduced to a Cox proportional hazards model with baseline characteristics (age, education, history of diabetes, body mass index, alcohol consumption, number of cigarettes smoked daily, smoking duration, visual acuity, and total cholesterol), neither alpha tocopherol (relative risk, RR, 0.91, 95% confidence intervals, CI, 0.74, 1.11) nor beta carotene (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.79, 1.19) supplementation affected the incidence of cataract surgery. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with alpha tocopherol or beta carotene does not affect the incidence of cataract extractions among male smokers.
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retinal vascular changes following supplementation with alpha tocopherol or beta carotene
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, 1998Co-Authors: J M Teikari, Jarmo Virtamo, Jari Haukka, K Liesto, Phil R Taylor, Leila Laatikainen, Janne M Rapola, Olli P. HeinonenAbstract:Purpose: To examine if long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol (AT) or beta-carotene (BC) was associated with the prevalence of vascular changes in retinal arterioles. Methods: An end-of-trial subsample from a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to study the effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on lung cancer incidence (ATBC Study). Setting: Source population of Helsinki and the surrounding province. Participants: 1072 men 50-69 years old and smoking at least 5 cigarettes per day at study entry. Interventions: Random allocation to one of four supplementation regimens: 50 mg per day alpha-tocopherol, 20 mg per day beta-carotene, both alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene, or placebo. Median follow-up time was 6.6 years (range 5.2-8.0 years). Main outcome measure: Presence of vascular changes in retinal arterioles as determined from end-of-trial retinal color photographs. Results: Retinal vascular changes were most prevalent in the AT (161 men, 62%), and in the BC (163 men, 62%) groups. The prevalence rate was lowest in the AT plus BC group (161 men, 55%), and slightly higher in the placebo group (145 men, 57%). There was no statistically significant association of either AT (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7-1.2) or BC (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.3) supplementation with the prevalence of retinal vascular changes after adjusting for major risk factors. Conclusions: Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene for a median of 6.6 years does not protect against retinal vascular changes among smoking males.
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the effect of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplementation on copd symptoms
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 1997Co-Authors: M Rautalahti, Demetrius Albanes, Olli P. Heinonen, Jarmo Virtamo, Jari Haukka, Jouko Sundvall, Jussi K. HuttunenAbstract:The effects of alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/d) and beta-carotene (20 mg/d) supplementation on symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were studied among the 29,133 participants of the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study undertaken to investigate the effects of these two substances in the prevention of lung and other cancers. During the follow-up the supplementations did not affect the recurrence or incidence of chronic cough, phlegm, or dyspnea. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis and dyspnea at baseline was lower among those with high dietary intake of beta-carotene (OR = 0.78 and 0.67, respectively) or vitamin E (OR = 0.87 and 0.77) and high serum beta-carotene (OR = 0.59 and 0.62) and alpha-tocopherol (OR = 0.76 and 0.82). High intake and serum levels of retinol were associated with low prevalence of dyspnea (OR = 0.84 and 0.80, respectively) but not with chronic bronchitis. The results indicate no benefit from supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene on the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders but support the beneficial effect of dietary intake of fruits and vegetables rich in these compounds.