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Maria Antonia Livrea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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betacyanins as phenol antioxidants chemistry and mechanistic aspects of the lipoperoxyl radical scavenging activity in solution and liposomes
Free Radical Research, 2009Co-Authors: Luisa Tesoriere, Mario Allegra, Carla Gentile, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Reaction kinetics of Betanin and its aglycone betanidin towards peroxyl radicals generated from the azo-initiated oxidation of methyl linoleate in methanol and of a heterogeneous aqueous/soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomal system were studied by monitoring formation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides and consumption of the pigments. Betanin was a weak retarder in methanol and an effective chain breaking antioxidant in the liposomal model, indicating that kinetic solvent effects and partition in lipid bilayers may affect its activity. Betanidin behaved as a chain terminating antioxidant in both models. Kinetic parameters characterizing peroxyl radical-scavenging activity showed that betanidin was more effective than Betanin, in terms of both radical-scavenging rate constant and stoichiometric factor, with effectiveness of the same order as vitamin E under comparable conditions. Products identified by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques indicated reaction of the glucose-substituted monophenol and ortho-di...
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spectrophotometric evidence for the solubilization site of betalain pigments in membrane biomimetic systems
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Maria Liria Turco Liveri, Luisa Tesoriere, Luciana Sciascia, Renato Lombardo, Egle Passante, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:The solubilization site of two betalain pigments, namely, Betanin and indicaxantin, into l-α-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles was investigated by a spectrophotometric study. Pigment absorbance was monitored by varying phospholipid concentration, at a constant temperature that was varied in a range including the main phase transition temperature (Tm) of the relevant phospholipid bilayer. Maximum Betanin absorption increased with the increase of DPPC concentration within the entire temperature range, reaching a plateau. The binding constant (Kb) of the pigment, calculated according to a pseudo-two-phase model, varied with the temperature, indicating that Betanin is located at the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer. Other measurements of binding of Betanin to DMPC and of indicaxanthin to either DPPC or DMPC vesicles ruled out that these compounds were solubilized in the hydrophobic interior of these bilayers. Keywords: Betalain pigments; vesicles; bio...
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Betanin inhibits the myeloperoxidase nitrite induced oxidation of human low density lipoproteins
Free Radical Research, 2007Co-Authors: Mario Allegra, Luisa Tesoriere, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Production of nitrogen dioxide by the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the presence of nitrite is now considered a key step in the pathophysiology of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. This study shows that Betanin, a phytochemical of the betalain class, inhibits the production of lipid hydroperoxides in human LDL submitted to a MPO/nitrite-induced oxidation. Kinetic measurements including time-course of particle oxidation and Betanin consumption, either in the presence or in the absence of nitrite, suggest that the antioxidant effect is possibly the result of various actions. Betanin scavenges the initiator radical nitrogen dioxide and can also act as a lipoperoxyl radical-scavenger. In addition, unidentified oxidation product(s) of Betanin by MPO/nitrite inhibit(s) the MPO/nitrite-induced LDL oxidation as effectively as the parent compound. In the light of Betanin bioavailability and post-absorbtion distribution in humans, present findings may suggest favourable in vivo activity of this phytochemical.
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Absorption, excretion, and distribution of dietary antioxidant betalains in LDLs: potential health effects of betalains in humans
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Luisa Tesoriere, Mario Allegra, Daniela Butera, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Background: Betalains were recently identified as natural antioxidants. However, little is known about their bioavailability from dietary sources. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the bioavailability of betalains from dietary sources. Design: The plasma kinetics and urinary excretion of betalains were studied in healthy volunteers (n 8) after a single ingestion of 500 g cactus pear fruit pulp, which provided 28 and 16 mg indicaxanthin and Betanin, respectively. The incorporation of betalains in LDL and the resistance of the particles to ex vivo–induced oxidation was also researched. Results: Betanin and indicaxanthin reached their maximum plasma concentrations 3 h after the fruit meal and declined according to first-order kinetics. The half-life of Betanin (0.94 0.07 h) was shorter than that of indicaxanthin (2.36 0.17 h). Both compounds had disappeared from plasma by 12 h after intake. The urinary excretion of indicaxanthin and Betanin over 12 h represented 76 3.0% and 3.7 0.2%, respectively, of the ingested compounds. LDL isolated 3 and 5 h after the fruit meal incorporated betalains at concentrations of 100.5 11 and 50 7.2 pmol/mg LDL protein, respectively. In addition, the particles appeared more resistant to ex vivo–induced oxidative injury than did the samples isolated before fruit ingestion ( P 0.05)—the higher the amount of betalains incorporated, the higher the resistance. The concentrations of vitamin E and -carotene in LDL did not change significantly after fruit ingestion. Conclusion: Our results show that cactus pear fruit is a source of bioavailable betalains and suggest that indicaxanthin and Betanin may be involved in the observed protection of LDL against ex vivo– induced oxidative modifications. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80: 941–5.
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increased resistance to oxidation of betalain enriched human low density lipoproteins
Free Radical Research, 2003Co-Authors: Luisa Tesoriere, Daniele Darpa, F Di Gaudio, Mario Allegra, Daniela Butera, Carla Gentile, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Betalains are natural pigments recently considered as compounds with potential antioxidative properties. In this work, ex vivo plasma spiking of pure either Betanin or indicaxanthin, followed by isolation of low density lipoprotein (LDL), and measurement of its resistance to copper-induced oxidation, has been used to research if these betalains can bind to LDL and prevent oxidation of LDL lipids. When pooled human plasma from 10 healthy volunteers was incubated in the presence of 25–100 μM either Betanin or indicaxanthin, incorporation of both compounds in LDL was observed, with a maximum binding of 0.52±0.08, and 0.51±0.06 nmoles of indicaxanthin and Betanin, respectively, per mg LDL protein. Indicaxanthin-enriched and Betanin-enriched LDL were more resistant than homologous native LDL to copper-induced oxidation, as assessed by the elongation of the induction period. The incorporated indicaxanthin, however, appeared twice as effective as Betanin in increasing the length of the lag phase, while both comp...
Gerald Rimbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Betanin-A food colorant with biological activity
Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 2015Co-Authors: Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Valérie B Schini-kerth, Anika E. Wagner, Gerald RimbachAbstract:Betalains are water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigments that are subdivided in red-violet betacyanins and yellow-orange betaxanthins. Due to glycosylation and acylation betalains exhibit a huge structural diversity. Betanin (betanidin-5-O-β-glucoside) is the most common betacyanin in the plant kingdom. According to the regulation on food additives Betanin is permitted quantum satis as a natural red food colorant (E162). Moreover, Betanin is used as colorant in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Recently, potential health benefits of betalains and betalain-rich foods (e.g. red beet, Opuntia sp.) have been discussed. Betanin is a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and exhibits gene-regulatory activity partly via nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2-(Nrf2) dependent signaling pathways. Betanin may induce phase II enzymes and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, Betanin possibly prevents LDL oxidation and DNA damage. Potential blood pressure lowering effects of red beet seem to be mainly mediated by dietary nitrate rather than by Betanin per se.
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free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Betanin electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies and studies in cultured cells
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014Co-Authors: Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Anika E. Wagner, Rouhollah Motafakkerazad, Yu Nakajima, Seiichi Matsugo, Gerald RimbachAbstract:Betanin is a red pigment present in red beetroot. Recently, potential health benefits of Betanin-rich beetroot have been suggested. However, little is known regarding the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Betanin. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and spin trapping techniques were applied to evaluate the ability of Betanin to scavenge hydroxyl, superoxide, 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and galvinoxyl free radicals. In addition, we tested in cultured cells the ability of Betanin to prevent DNA damage and to induce the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) as well as its down-stream target heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and glutathione (GSH). Betanin dose-dependently scavenged DPPH-, galvinoxyl-, superoxide-, and hydroxyl-radicals in the ESR and spin trapping studies and prevented hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage as determined by the Comet assay.Furthermore, Betanin treatment induced the transcription factor Nrf2 and resulted in an increase of HO-1 protein levels, PON1-transactivation and cellular GSH. Present data suggest that Betanin is both a free radical scavenger and an inducer of antioxidant defense mechanism in cultured cells. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Betanin electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies and studies in cultured cells
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014Co-Authors: Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Anika E. Wagner, Rouhollah Motafakkerazad, Yu Nakajima, Seiichi Matsugo, Gerald RimbachAbstract:Betanin is a red pigment present in red beetroot. Recently, potential health benefits of Betanin-rich beetroot have been suggested. However, little is known regarding the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Betanin. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and spin trapping techniques were applied to evaluate the ability of Betanin to scavenge hydroxyl, superoxide, 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and galvinoxyl free radicals. In addition, we tested in cultured cells the ability of Betanin to prevent DNA damage and to induce the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) as well as its down-stream target heme oxygenase1 (HO-1), paraoxonase1 (PON1) and glutathione (GSH). Betanin dose-dependently scavenged DPPH-, galvinoxyl-, superoxide-, and hydroxyl-radicals in the ESR and spin trapping studies and prevented hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage as determined by the Comet assay. Furthermore, Betanin treatment induced the transcription factor Nrf2 and resulted in an increase of HO-1 protein levels, PON1-transactivation and cellular GSH. Present data suggest that Betanin is both a free radical scavenger and an inducer of antioxidant defense mechanism in cultured cells.
Luisa Tesoriere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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betacyanins as phenol antioxidants chemistry and mechanistic aspects of the lipoperoxyl radical scavenging activity in solution and liposomes
Free Radical Research, 2009Co-Authors: Luisa Tesoriere, Mario Allegra, Carla Gentile, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Reaction kinetics of Betanin and its aglycone betanidin towards peroxyl radicals generated from the azo-initiated oxidation of methyl linoleate in methanol and of a heterogeneous aqueous/soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomal system were studied by monitoring formation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides and consumption of the pigments. Betanin was a weak retarder in methanol and an effective chain breaking antioxidant in the liposomal model, indicating that kinetic solvent effects and partition in lipid bilayers may affect its activity. Betanidin behaved as a chain terminating antioxidant in both models. Kinetic parameters characterizing peroxyl radical-scavenging activity showed that betanidin was more effective than Betanin, in terms of both radical-scavenging rate constant and stoichiometric factor, with effectiveness of the same order as vitamin E under comparable conditions. Products identified by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques indicated reaction of the glucose-substituted monophenol and ortho-di...
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spectrophotometric evidence for the solubilization site of betalain pigments in membrane biomimetic systems
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Maria Liria Turco Liveri, Luisa Tesoriere, Luciana Sciascia, Renato Lombardo, Egle Passante, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:The solubilization site of two betalain pigments, namely, Betanin and indicaxantin, into l-α-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles was investigated by a spectrophotometric study. Pigment absorbance was monitored by varying phospholipid concentration, at a constant temperature that was varied in a range including the main phase transition temperature (Tm) of the relevant phospholipid bilayer. Maximum Betanin absorption increased with the increase of DPPC concentration within the entire temperature range, reaching a plateau. The binding constant (Kb) of the pigment, calculated according to a pseudo-two-phase model, varied with the temperature, indicating that Betanin is located at the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer. Other measurements of binding of Betanin to DMPC and of indicaxanthin to either DPPC or DMPC vesicles ruled out that these compounds were solubilized in the hydrophobic interior of these bilayers. Keywords: Betalain pigments; vesicles; bio...
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Betanin inhibits the myeloperoxidase nitrite induced oxidation of human low density lipoproteins
Free Radical Research, 2007Co-Authors: Mario Allegra, Luisa Tesoriere, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Production of nitrogen dioxide by the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the presence of nitrite is now considered a key step in the pathophysiology of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. This study shows that Betanin, a phytochemical of the betalain class, inhibits the production of lipid hydroperoxides in human LDL submitted to a MPO/nitrite-induced oxidation. Kinetic measurements including time-course of particle oxidation and Betanin consumption, either in the presence or in the absence of nitrite, suggest that the antioxidant effect is possibly the result of various actions. Betanin scavenges the initiator radical nitrogen dioxide and can also act as a lipoperoxyl radical-scavenger. In addition, unidentified oxidation product(s) of Betanin by MPO/nitrite inhibit(s) the MPO/nitrite-induced LDL oxidation as effectively as the parent compound. In the light of Betanin bioavailability and post-absorbtion distribution in humans, present findings may suggest favourable in vivo activity of this phytochemical.
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Absorption, excretion, and distribution of dietary antioxidant betalains in LDLs: potential health effects of betalains in humans
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Luisa Tesoriere, Mario Allegra, Daniela Butera, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Background: Betalains were recently identified as natural antioxidants. However, little is known about their bioavailability from dietary sources. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the bioavailability of betalains from dietary sources. Design: The plasma kinetics and urinary excretion of betalains were studied in healthy volunteers (n 8) after a single ingestion of 500 g cactus pear fruit pulp, which provided 28 and 16 mg indicaxanthin and Betanin, respectively. The incorporation of betalains in LDL and the resistance of the particles to ex vivo–induced oxidation was also researched. Results: Betanin and indicaxanthin reached their maximum plasma concentrations 3 h after the fruit meal and declined according to first-order kinetics. The half-life of Betanin (0.94 0.07 h) was shorter than that of indicaxanthin (2.36 0.17 h). Both compounds had disappeared from plasma by 12 h after intake. The urinary excretion of indicaxanthin and Betanin over 12 h represented 76 3.0% and 3.7 0.2%, respectively, of the ingested compounds. LDL isolated 3 and 5 h after the fruit meal incorporated betalains at concentrations of 100.5 11 and 50 7.2 pmol/mg LDL protein, respectively. In addition, the particles appeared more resistant to ex vivo–induced oxidative injury than did the samples isolated before fruit ingestion ( P 0.05)—the higher the amount of betalains incorporated, the higher the resistance. The concentrations of vitamin E and -carotene in LDL did not change significantly after fruit ingestion. Conclusion: Our results show that cactus pear fruit is a source of bioavailable betalains and suggest that indicaxanthin and Betanin may be involved in the observed protection of LDL against ex vivo– induced oxidative modifications. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80: 941–5.
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increased resistance to oxidation of betalain enriched human low density lipoproteins
Free Radical Research, 2003Co-Authors: Luisa Tesoriere, Daniele Darpa, F Di Gaudio, Mario Allegra, Daniela Butera, Carla Gentile, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Betalains are natural pigments recently considered as compounds with potential antioxidative properties. In this work, ex vivo plasma spiking of pure either Betanin or indicaxanthin, followed by isolation of low density lipoprotein (LDL), and measurement of its resistance to copper-induced oxidation, has been used to research if these betalains can bind to LDL and prevent oxidation of LDL lipids. When pooled human plasma from 10 healthy volunteers was incubated in the presence of 25–100 μM either Betanin or indicaxanthin, incorporation of both compounds in LDL was observed, with a maximum binding of 0.52±0.08, and 0.51±0.06 nmoles of indicaxanthin and Betanin, respectively, per mg LDL protein. Indicaxanthin-enriched and Betanin-enriched LDL were more resistant than homologous native LDL to copper-induced oxidation, as assessed by the elongation of the induction period. The incorporated indicaxanthin, however, appeared twice as effective as Betanin in increasing the length of the lag phase, while both comp...
Mario Allegra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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betacyanins as phenol antioxidants chemistry and mechanistic aspects of the lipoperoxyl radical scavenging activity in solution and liposomes
Free Radical Research, 2009Co-Authors: Luisa Tesoriere, Mario Allegra, Carla Gentile, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Reaction kinetics of Betanin and its aglycone betanidin towards peroxyl radicals generated from the azo-initiated oxidation of methyl linoleate in methanol and of a heterogeneous aqueous/soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomal system were studied by monitoring formation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides and consumption of the pigments. Betanin was a weak retarder in methanol and an effective chain breaking antioxidant in the liposomal model, indicating that kinetic solvent effects and partition in lipid bilayers may affect its activity. Betanidin behaved as a chain terminating antioxidant in both models. Kinetic parameters characterizing peroxyl radical-scavenging activity showed that betanidin was more effective than Betanin, in terms of both radical-scavenging rate constant and stoichiometric factor, with effectiveness of the same order as vitamin E under comparable conditions. Products identified by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques indicated reaction of the glucose-substituted monophenol and ortho-di...
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Betanin inhibits the myeloperoxidase nitrite induced oxidation of human low density lipoproteins
Free Radical Research, 2007Co-Authors: Mario Allegra, Luisa Tesoriere, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Production of nitrogen dioxide by the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the presence of nitrite is now considered a key step in the pathophysiology of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. This study shows that Betanin, a phytochemical of the betalain class, inhibits the production of lipid hydroperoxides in human LDL submitted to a MPO/nitrite-induced oxidation. Kinetic measurements including time-course of particle oxidation and Betanin consumption, either in the presence or in the absence of nitrite, suggest that the antioxidant effect is possibly the result of various actions. Betanin scavenges the initiator radical nitrogen dioxide and can also act as a lipoperoxyl radical-scavenger. In addition, unidentified oxidation product(s) of Betanin by MPO/nitrite inhibit(s) the MPO/nitrite-induced LDL oxidation as effectively as the parent compound. In the light of Betanin bioavailability and post-absorbtion distribution in humans, present findings may suggest favourable in vivo activity of this phytochemical.
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Absorption, excretion, and distribution of dietary antioxidant betalains in LDLs: potential health effects of betalains in humans
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Luisa Tesoriere, Mario Allegra, Daniela Butera, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Background: Betalains were recently identified as natural antioxidants. However, little is known about their bioavailability from dietary sources. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the bioavailability of betalains from dietary sources. Design: The plasma kinetics and urinary excretion of betalains were studied in healthy volunteers (n 8) after a single ingestion of 500 g cactus pear fruit pulp, which provided 28 and 16 mg indicaxanthin and Betanin, respectively. The incorporation of betalains in LDL and the resistance of the particles to ex vivo–induced oxidation was also researched. Results: Betanin and indicaxanthin reached their maximum plasma concentrations 3 h after the fruit meal and declined according to first-order kinetics. The half-life of Betanin (0.94 0.07 h) was shorter than that of indicaxanthin (2.36 0.17 h). Both compounds had disappeared from plasma by 12 h after intake. The urinary excretion of indicaxanthin and Betanin over 12 h represented 76 3.0% and 3.7 0.2%, respectively, of the ingested compounds. LDL isolated 3 and 5 h after the fruit meal incorporated betalains at concentrations of 100.5 11 and 50 7.2 pmol/mg LDL protein, respectively. In addition, the particles appeared more resistant to ex vivo–induced oxidative injury than did the samples isolated before fruit ingestion ( P 0.05)—the higher the amount of betalains incorporated, the higher the resistance. The concentrations of vitamin E and -carotene in LDL did not change significantly after fruit ingestion. Conclusion: Our results show that cactus pear fruit is a source of bioavailable betalains and suggest that indicaxanthin and Betanin may be involved in the observed protection of LDL against ex vivo– induced oxidative modifications. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80: 941–5.
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increased resistance to oxidation of betalain enriched human low density lipoproteins
Free Radical Research, 2003Co-Authors: Luisa Tesoriere, Daniele Darpa, F Di Gaudio, Mario Allegra, Daniela Butera, Carla Gentile, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Betalains are natural pigments recently considered as compounds with potential antioxidative properties. In this work, ex vivo plasma spiking of pure either Betanin or indicaxanthin, followed by isolation of low density lipoprotein (LDL), and measurement of its resistance to copper-induced oxidation, has been used to research if these betalains can bind to LDL and prevent oxidation of LDL lipids. When pooled human plasma from 10 healthy volunteers was incubated in the presence of 25–100 μM either Betanin or indicaxanthin, incorporation of both compounds in LDL was observed, with a maximum binding of 0.52±0.08, and 0.51±0.06 nmoles of indicaxanthin and Betanin, respectively, per mg LDL protein. Indicaxanthin-enriched and Betanin-enriched LDL were more resistant than homologous native LDL to copper-induced oxidation, as assessed by the elongation of the induction period. The incorporated indicaxanthin, however, appeared twice as effective as Betanin in increasing the length of the lag phase, while both comp...
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antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear opuntia ficus indica fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains Betanin and indicaxanthin
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Daniela Butera, Mario Allegra, Luisa Tesoriere, Francesca Di Gaudio, A Bongiorno, Anna Maria Pintaudi, Rohn Kohen, Maria Antonia LivreaAbstract:Sicilian cultivars of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) produce yellow, red, and white fruits, due to the combination of two betalain pigments, the purple-red Betanin and the yellow-orange indicaxanthin. The betalain distribution in the three cultivars and the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from edible pulp were investigated. In addition, the reducing capacity of purified Betanin and indicaxanthin was measured. According to a spectrophotometric analysis, the yellow cultivar exhibited the highest amount of betalains, followed by the red and white ones. Indicaxanthin accounted for about 99% of betalains in the white fruit, while the ratio of Betanin to indicaxanthin varied from 1:8 (w:w) in the yellow fruit to 2:1 (w:w) in the red one. Polyphenol pigments were negligible components only in the red fruit. When measured as 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalents per gram of pulp, the methanolic fruit extracts showed a marked antioxidant activity. Vitamin C did not account for more than 40% of the measured activity. In addition, the extracts dose-dependently inhibited the organic hydroperoxide-stimulated red cell membrane lipid oxidation, as well as the metal-dependent and -independent low-density lipoprotein oxidation. The extract from the white fruit showed the highest protection in all models of lipid oxidation. Purified Betanin and indicaxanthin were more effective than Trolox at scavenging the [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] diammonium salt cation radical. Cyclic voltammetric measurements show two anodic waves for Betanin and indicaxanthin, and differential pulse voltammetry shows three anodic waves for Betanin, with calculated peak potentials of 404, 616, and 998 mV, and two anodic waves for indicaxanthin, with peak potentials of 611 and 895 mV. Betanin underwent complex formation through chelation with Cu(2+), whereas indicaxanthin was not modified. These findings suggest that the above betalains contribute to the antioxidant activity of prickly pear fruits.
Tuba Esatbeyoglu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Betanin-A food colorant with biological activity
Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 2015Co-Authors: Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Valérie B Schini-kerth, Anika E. Wagner, Gerald RimbachAbstract:Betalains are water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigments that are subdivided in red-violet betacyanins and yellow-orange betaxanthins. Due to glycosylation and acylation betalains exhibit a huge structural diversity. Betanin (betanidin-5-O-β-glucoside) is the most common betacyanin in the plant kingdom. According to the regulation on food additives Betanin is permitted quantum satis as a natural red food colorant (E162). Moreover, Betanin is used as colorant in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Recently, potential health benefits of betalains and betalain-rich foods (e.g. red beet, Opuntia sp.) have been discussed. Betanin is a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and exhibits gene-regulatory activity partly via nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2-(Nrf2) dependent signaling pathways. Betanin may induce phase II enzymes and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, Betanin possibly prevents LDL oxidation and DNA damage. Potential blood pressure lowering effects of red beet seem to be mainly mediated by dietary nitrate rather than by Betanin per se.
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free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Betanin electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies and studies in cultured cells
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014Co-Authors: Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Anika E. Wagner, Rouhollah Motafakkerazad, Yu Nakajima, Seiichi Matsugo, Gerald RimbachAbstract:Betanin is a red pigment present in red beetroot. Recently, potential health benefits of Betanin-rich beetroot have been suggested. However, little is known regarding the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Betanin. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and spin trapping techniques were applied to evaluate the ability of Betanin to scavenge hydroxyl, superoxide, 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and galvinoxyl free radicals. In addition, we tested in cultured cells the ability of Betanin to prevent DNA damage and to induce the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) as well as its down-stream target heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and glutathione (GSH). Betanin dose-dependently scavenged DPPH-, galvinoxyl-, superoxide-, and hydroxyl-radicals in the ESR and spin trapping studies and prevented hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage as determined by the Comet assay.Furthermore, Betanin treatment induced the transcription factor Nrf2 and resulted in an increase of HO-1 protein levels, PON1-transactivation and cellular GSH. Present data suggest that Betanin is both a free radical scavenger and an inducer of antioxidant defense mechanism in cultured cells. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Betanin electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies and studies in cultured cells
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014Co-Authors: Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Anika E. Wagner, Rouhollah Motafakkerazad, Yu Nakajima, Seiichi Matsugo, Gerald RimbachAbstract:Betanin is a red pigment present in red beetroot. Recently, potential health benefits of Betanin-rich beetroot have been suggested. However, little is known regarding the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Betanin. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and spin trapping techniques were applied to evaluate the ability of Betanin to scavenge hydroxyl, superoxide, 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and galvinoxyl free radicals. In addition, we tested in cultured cells the ability of Betanin to prevent DNA damage and to induce the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) as well as its down-stream target heme oxygenase1 (HO-1), paraoxonase1 (PON1) and glutathione (GSH). Betanin dose-dependently scavenged DPPH-, galvinoxyl-, superoxide-, and hydroxyl-radicals in the ESR and spin trapping studies and prevented hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage as determined by the Comet assay. Furthermore, Betanin treatment induced the transcription factor Nrf2 and resulted in an increase of HO-1 protein levels, PON1-transactivation and cellular GSH. Present data suggest that Betanin is both a free radical scavenger and an inducer of antioxidant defense mechanism in cultured cells.