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John Skartveit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new fossil species of the genus bibio with an update on bibionid flies from baltic and rovno amber diptera Bibionidae
Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 2021Co-Authors: John SkartveitAbstract:Species of Bibionidae from Baltic amber are reevaluated based on newly discovered material, and a key to the species is given. Bibio succineus sp. nov. is described based on one male specimen, this is the first Bibio named from Baltic amber. The males of Hesperinus electrus Skartveit, 2009 and Penthetria montanaregis Skartveit, 2009 are redescribed. A single, autoclave treated specimen of Penthetria sp. is described but not formally named. Plecia tenuicornis Skartveit, 2009 is found to be a synonym of Plecia hoffeinsorum Skartveit, 2009, this species is recorded for the first time from Rovno amber, and both sexes of the species redescribed. Additional specimens of Plecia clavifemur Skartveit, 2009 and Dilophus crassicornis Skartveit, 2009 are described. Two female specimens probably belonging to the species discussed as Dilophus sp. by Skartveit (2009) are described, but not formally named.
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a revision of fossil Bibionidae insecta diptera from the oligocene of germany
Zootaxa, 2021Co-Authors: John Skartveit, Sonja WedmannAbstract:We revise the available material of fossil Bibionidae from the Oligocene of Germany, except for the Early Oligocene site of Kleinkems which has recently been revised. The bulk of the material originates from the Late Oligocene Lagerstatten of Rott and Enspel. One new species, Bibio castaneipennis sp.n., is described from Enspel. The following new combinations are established: Hesperinus heeri (Heyden Heyden, 1865) comb.n. (previously Plecia heeri), Plecia dubia (Germar, 1837) (previously Phthiria dubia). Plecia collossea (Heyden Heyden, 1865) is removed from synonymy with Plecia morio (Heer, 1849), Plecia gracilenta (Heyden Heyden, 1865) is removed from synonymy with Plecia lygaeoides (Heer, 1849). The following new synonymies are established: Plecia elegantula Meunier, 1915 = Penthetria rottensis Statz, 1943 = Penthetria scita Statz, 1943 = Hesperinus heeri (Heyden Heyden, 1865); Plecia superba Meunier, 1915 = Plecia imperialis Statz, 1943 = Plecia philippi Statz, 1943 = Plecia collossea (Heyden Heyden, 1865); Helophilus primarius Germar, 1837 = Plecia abava (Heyden Heyden, 1865) = Plecia satyrus Statz, 1943 = Plecia dubia (Germar, 1837); Plecia expositia (Heyden Heyden, 1865) = Plecia grandaeva (Heyden Heyden, 1865) = Plecia antenata (Heyden Heyden, 1865) = Plecia elongata (Heyden Heyden, 1865) = Plecia pulchella Meunier, 1915 = Plecia hypogaea (Heyden Heyden, 1865); Plecia schineri (Heyden Heyden, 1865) = Plecia macrocephala (Heyden Heyden, 1865); Plecia lapidaria (Heyden Heyden, 1865) = Bibio brachypteroides Meunier, 1915 = Plecia vulpina Statz, 1943 = Plecia pinguis (Heyden Heyden, 1865); Plecia lapidaria nigra Statz, 1943 = Plecia sluiteri Meunier, 1917; Plecia veterana (Heyden Heyden, 1865) = Plecia stygia (Heyden Heyden, 1865); Bibio spadicea Statz, 1943 = Bibio aerosus Statz, 1943; Bibio heydeni Meunier, 1920 = Bibio comosella Statz, 1943 = Bibio germari Meunier, 1920; Plecia heroica Heyden Heyden, 1865 = Bibio giganteus Unger, 1841; Bibio infumatus Meunier, 1915 = Bibio mimas L. Heyden, 1870. The following names are placed as nomina dubia pending rediscovery of the type material: Plecia volgeri (C.H.G. Heyden, 1859); Bibio janus L. Heyden, 1870; Bibio tertiarius C.H.G. Heyden, 1862; Dilophus deletus (C.H.G. Heyden, 1862). The male morphotypes described but not formally named by Statz (1943) are tentatively assigned to named species.
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a new genus and subfamily of fossil Bibionidae diptera from the lower cretaceous with new classification of the Bibionidae
Performance Evaluation, 2020Co-Authors: John Skartveit, Jorg AnsorgeAbstract:We describe Cretobibio montsecensis, gen. et sp. nov. based on two female specimens from the Lower Cretaceous of Montsec, Spain. The new genus would key to the subfamily Pleciinae based on the presence of a short vein R2+3 and slender legs. However, some characters suggest an affinity with Bibioninae, notably the weakening of R2+3, the oblique crossvein R-M, crossvein M-Cu connected to M2 rather than the stem of M, and the shortened fore legs. We suggest this species is best considered as representing a new subfamily, Cretobibioninae subfam. nov., as sister group of Bibioninae.
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case 3739 proposed conservation of usage of the specific names of tipula marci linnaeus 1758 currently bibio marci and tipula febrilis linnaeus 1758 currently dilophus febrilis by designation of a neotype for each insecta diptera Bibionidae
The Bulletin of zoological nomenclature, 2020Co-Authors: John Skartveit, Jeanpaul HaenniAbstract:The purpose of this application, under Article 75.6 of the Code, is to set aside all previous fixations of name-bearing types for the species Tipula marciLinnaeus, 1758 and Tipula febrilisLinnaeus, 1758 (currently Bibio marci and Dilophus febrilis, the St. Mark's fly and the fever fly, respectively) and to designate neotypes in their place. Illustrations in pre-Linnaean works cited by Linnaeus in connection with these names are unidentifiable, and extant Linnaean syntypes of these two nominal species belong to other species than those for which the names have been consistently used since the early 19th century.
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revision of fossil Bibionidae insecta diptera from the miocene of radoboj croatia
Zootaxa, 2020Co-Authors: John Skartveit, Katarina KrizmanicAbstract:We revise the available material of fossil bibionid flies from Radoboj, Croatia, and redescribe the species of which we have been able to locate material. We have found material of the following species: Penthetria anthracina (Heer, 1849), Penthetria cimicoides (Heer, 1849), Penthetria gracilis (Unger, 1841), Penthetria longa (Heer, 1849), Penthetria murchisonii (Unger, 1841), Plecia lugubris Heer, 1849, Plecia lygaeoides (Heer, 1849), Bibio crassinervis Skartveit Pika, 2014, Bibio enterodelus Unger, 1841, Bibio firmus Heer, 1849, Bibio giganteus Unger, 1841 and Dilophus pinguis (Heer, 1849). Two species are shared with the approximately contemporary site of Ohningen, Southern Germany. Plecia bucklandi Heer, 1849 and Plecia morio (Heer, 1849) were recorded both from the Oligocene site of Aix-en-Provence, France and from Radoboj in the original descriptions, however we did not find any specimens from Radoboj conforming with the types from Aix-en-Provence.
S Darcyburt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison of sampling methods for bibionid larvae diptera Bibionidae in grassland
Annals of Applied Biology, 1993Co-Authors: R P Blackshaw, S DarcyburtAbstract:SUMMARY Three extraction methods were compared for the recovery of bibionid larvae from grassland soil samples. Only wet-sieving followed by flotation in a saturated salt solution yielded bibionids. No larvae were recovered either with modified Tullgren funnels or by slow immersion of soil cores into a saturated salt solution. The efficiency with which larval bibionid populations can be estimated is poor. Generally, smaller cores yielded more larvae per volume of soil. Most bibionids were found in the top 4 cm of soil. It is concluded that 10 cm diameter and 6–8 cm deep soil cores are an acceptable compromise between efficiency and sampling effort but sample size will largely be determined by the resources available for processing of samples.
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the growth of bibio johannis l and dilophus febrilis l diptera Bibionidae larvae in the field
Annals of Applied Biology, 1992Co-Authors: R P Blackshaw, S DarcyburtAbstract:Summary Bibionid larvae were extracted from soil samples collected from June 1985 to March 1987. Each larva was identified, weighed and measured for maximum head capsule width. Both Bibio johannis and Dilophus febrilis have six larval instars. Bibio johannis grew slowly in late summer and early autumn but rapidly from October to January. Early and late instar larvae of D. febrilis occurred simultaneously and it was concluded that this species was not bivoltine but may exist as two separate cohorts with distinct flight periods.
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bibionids diptera Bibionidae in agricultural land a review of damage benefits natural enemies and control
Annals of Applied Biology, 1991Co-Authors: S Darcyburt, R P BlackshawAbstract:SUMMARY Records of crop damage caused by Bibionidae are reviewed together with evidence for their beneficial activities, natural enemies and control methods. Bibionids are sporadic and infrequent pests. Although grass and cereals are most vulnerable, a wide range of crops is attacked. Damage is most severe after grass or when plants are under stress. The presence of organic matter during oviposition increases the likelihood of damaging populations. Many natural enemies exist but their impact on adult or larval populations has not been quantified. Given the pattern of attacks and lack of approved insecticides, cultural control methods are more appropriate than chemical. The role of adult bibionids in pollination and of larvae involved in soil processes could be of greater importance than any damage caused by the group.
R P Blackshaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison of sampling methods for bibionid larvae diptera Bibionidae in grassland
Annals of Applied Biology, 1993Co-Authors: R P Blackshaw, S DarcyburtAbstract:SUMMARY Three extraction methods were compared for the recovery of bibionid larvae from grassland soil samples. Only wet-sieving followed by flotation in a saturated salt solution yielded bibionids. No larvae were recovered either with modified Tullgren funnels or by slow immersion of soil cores into a saturated salt solution. The efficiency with which larval bibionid populations can be estimated is poor. Generally, smaller cores yielded more larvae per volume of soil. Most bibionids were found in the top 4 cm of soil. It is concluded that 10 cm diameter and 6–8 cm deep soil cores are an acceptable compromise between efficiency and sampling effort but sample size will largely be determined by the resources available for processing of samples.
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the growth of bibio johannis l and dilophus febrilis l diptera Bibionidae larvae in the field
Annals of Applied Biology, 1992Co-Authors: R P Blackshaw, S DarcyburtAbstract:Summary Bibionid larvae were extracted from soil samples collected from June 1985 to March 1987. Each larva was identified, weighed and measured for maximum head capsule width. Both Bibio johannis and Dilophus febrilis have six larval instars. Bibio johannis grew slowly in late summer and early autumn but rapidly from October to January. Early and late instar larvae of D. febrilis occurred simultaneously and it was concluded that this species was not bivoltine but may exist as two separate cohorts with distinct flight periods.
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bibionids diptera Bibionidae in agricultural land a review of damage benefits natural enemies and control
Annals of Applied Biology, 1991Co-Authors: S Darcyburt, R P BlackshawAbstract:SUMMARY Records of crop damage caused by Bibionidae are reviewed together with evidence for their beneficial activities, natural enemies and control methods. Bibionids are sporadic and infrequent pests. Although grass and cereals are most vulnerable, a wide range of crops is attacked. Damage is most severe after grass or when plants are under stress. The presence of organic matter during oviposition increases the likelihood of damaging populations. Many natural enemies exist but their impact on adult or larval populations has not been quantified. Given the pattern of attacks and lack of approved insecticides, cultural control methods are more appropriate than chemical. The role of adult bibionids in pollination and of larvae involved in soil processes could be of greater importance than any damage caused by the group.
Ron Cherry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trap design for lovebugs plecia nearctica diptera Bibionidae
Florida Entomologist, 2015Co-Authors: Steven P Arthurs, Celso Moralesreyes, Ron CherryAbstract:The lovebug, Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae), is an invasive nuisance insect in Florida, USA. We previously showed that the floral compound phenylacetaldehyde (PAA) and yellow color were preferred olfactory and visual stimuli for capturing adult lovebugs. However, suitable designs for a trap have not been investigated. Here, we evaluated 3 basic types of insect traps (sticky, funnel, and interception) for their effectiveness in collecting adult lovebugs under field conditions in central and southern Florida. All traps were yellow or painted yellow and baited with PAA, which was highly attractive to both sexes. Yellow sticky cards orientated vertically were effective, but they quickly filled with lovebugs and were thus unsuitable for extended periods. Of the other commercial traps tested, the Universal moth (Unitrap), Japanese beetle, and modified Lindgren traps were effective, whereas the Delta, Ball (McPhail), boll weevil, fly (baited cup), and stink bug traps were relatively ineffective. Overall, the Unitrap was favored because it potentially can capture many thousands of lovebugs with a low proportion of non-target species (i.e., ≤ 6% of total insects collected), is reuseable for multiple seasons, and potentially can be improved by the addition of fluon or similar non-stick material to the entrance. The lure (polypropylene vial containing 0.75 mL PAA) was attractive to lovebugs for at least 2 wk under field conditions. The position of the lure (inside versus outside the trap) did not statistically affect the effectiveness of the Unitrap. The strategic deployment of lovebug traps is discussed. Resumen El insecto del amor, Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae), es un molesto insecto invasivo en Florida, EE.UU. Previamente mostramos que el compuesto floral fenilacetaldehido (FAA) y el color amarillo fueron preferidos tanto olfativamente como por su estimulo visual para la captura de insectos del amor adultos. Sin embargo, disenos eficientes de trampas no han sido investigados. En este trabajo evaluamos tres tipos basicos de trampas (pegajosas, de embudo, y de intercepcion) por su efectividad en las colectas de insectos del amor bajo condiciones de campo en la centro y sureste Florida. Todas las trampas fueron amarillas o pintadas de este color y cebadas con FAA el cual fue altamente atractivo para ambos sexos. Tarjetas amarillas pegajosas orientadas verticalmente fueron efectivas, pero facilmente saturadas con los insectos
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attraction of lovebugs diptera Bibionidae to visual and olfactory stimuli
Journal of Entomological Science, 2013Co-Authors: Steven P Arthurs, Nastaran Tofangsazi, Ron CherryAbstract:Abstract We evaluated volatile organic compounds and colors for attractancy to adult lovebugs, Plecia nearctica Hardy, under field conditions in central and southern Florida. In olfactory tests, sticky traps placed at 10 m intervals (1 m height) and baited with the floral compound phenylacetaldehyde (PAA), essential oil anethole and anisaldehyde were highly attractive to both sexes of lovebugs during spring and fall flights. However, PAA was superior, capturing at least 3 times as many lovebugs in direct comparisons. Methyl salicylate, eugenol and benzaldehyde were weak attractants, whereas geraniol and citrus oil were not attractive. Heptaldehyde, 1-phenylethanol and acetophenone also were not attractive in tests that included PAA. In visual studies with unbaited sticky traps, lovebugs were most attracted to different hues of yellow and white at both high population densities (spring flight) and low population densities (fall flight). There was little statistical difference among the remaining colors (gr...
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attraction of plecia nearctica diptera Bibionidae to floral lures containing phenylacetaldehyde
Florida Entomologist, 2012Co-Authors: Steven P Arthurs, Nastaran Tofangsazi, Robert L Meagher, Ron CherryAbstract:The bibionid fly Plecia nearctica Hardy, com monly called the 'lovebug', is a widely recognized insect found alongside roadways in all southern states bordering the Gulf of Mexico as well as Georgia, and North and South Carolina (Den mark et al. 2010). In Florida, descriptions of this insect in large numbers coincide with peak sea sonal flight periods inApr-May and Aug-Sep, with a smaller third flight in Dec in southern Florida (Cherry & Raid 2000). While testing for attrac tiveness of floral-based lures to lepidopteran turf pests in 2011, we noticed a large number of P. nearctica adults in traps containing phenylac etaldehyde (PAA), an aromatic compound found in many foods and flowers. Previously described attractants for adult P. nearctica include automo bile exhausts irradiated with UV-light (Callahan & Denmark 1973; Callahan et al. 1985), localized heat sources (Whitesell 1974) and the aromatic oil anethole (Cherry 1998). However, information on the attractiveness of floral (food)-based lures has not been previously reported for this species. To investigate this further, we tested traps con taining different floral baits that are known attrac tants to noctuid and pyralid moths in central and southern Florida. Green delta-shaped sticky traps (Pherocon HID, Trece Inc., Adair, Oklahoma) sus pended from 1 m PCV poles (Fig. 1A) were placed
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seasonal flight of plecia nearctica diptera Bibionidae in southern florida
Florida Entomologist, 2000Co-Authors: Ron Cherry, Richard N RaidAbstract:The lovebug, Plecia nearctica Hardy, is a serious nuisance to motorists traveling in southern states. The insects are smashed against windshields obscuring vision and cars may overheat when radiators become clogged. The smashed insects also damage car paint if the body fluids are not removed soon after contact (Callahan and Denmark 1973). The insect was first described by Hardy (1940) from Galveston, Texas, who reported it to be widely spread, but more common in Texas and Louisiana than other Gulf Coast states. It has now progressed to all states bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, as well as Georgia, South Carolina, and parts of Central America. It was first collected in Florida in 1949 and today is found throughout Florida (Denmark and Mead 1992). Adult flights of lovebugs have been reported to occur primarily during May and September in different areas of the insect's range (Hetrick 1970; Callahan and Denmark 1973; Buschman 1976; Thornhill 1976; Callahan 1985). However, in spite of these previous reports, no data have ever been presented actually showing seasonal flights of the lovebugs. Our objective was to determine seasonal flight patterns of P nearctica in southern Florida. Additional data on temporal sychronony of flights at different locations are also presented. Yellow sticky traps (Pherocon AM, no bait) made by Trece Inc., Salinas, California and baited with anethole (Cherry 1998) were used to monitor adult flights of lovebugs. Sampling was conducted by putting out 15 new sticky traps each month at approximately mid-month. These 15 traps were located at three different locations (5 traps/ location) to provide data on temporal synchrony between locations. One location was the Everglades Research and Education Center (location one), University of Florida, located near Belle Glade, Florida. The other two locations were located approximately 24 km southwest of the research center (location two) and 31 km east of the research center (location three). All three locations were located within Palm Beach County, Florida, and surrounded by agricultural lands (sugarcane, rice, vegetables). Traps at each location were placed 250 m apart in a straight line (i.e. a one km transect) adjacent roads. Each trap was hung one m above the ground on a metal rod and had a sponge (3 x 3 x 3 cm) containing 5 ml of anethole wedged into it. All 15 traps were hung and baited on the same day and collected seven days later. The seven day exposure period was used to avoid short term inclement weather factors such as rain, extreme winds, etc. that might greatly reduce adult catches within a shorter trap exposure time. Traps were collected by wrapping each trap in clear cellophane in the field. Lovebugs on each trap were counted by microscopic identification in a laboratory. A sample of lovebug adults collected on the traps during different major flight periods (May, September, December) was sent to Dr. Gary Steck, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida who corroborated that the insects were P nearctica. Statistical analysis was conducted by SAS (1996). Temporal synchrony of adult flights between locations was determined by multiple correlation using the total number of adults caught each month at each location. Differences in mean numbers of adults caught at each location during different months were determined by using Tukey's test. A figure to visually show the overall seasonal flight pattern of the lovebugs is also presented. Although different numbers of lovebugs were observed between locations (Table 1), there was temporal synchrony in flight between locations. Multiple correlation of
Qingqing Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new march fly protopenthetria skartveiti gen nov et sp nov diptera Bibionidae plecinae from mid cretaceous burmese amber
Cretaceous Research, 2021Co-Authors: Kornelia Skibinska, Wieslaw Krzeminski, Bo Wang, Chuantao Xiao, Qingqing ZhangAbstract:Abstract Bibionidae, also called March flies, is a widespread group of Nematocera and their fossils are very abundant in lacustrine deposits especially in the Oligocene and Miocene, but records as amber inclusions in the Mesozoic are quite rare. Here, we describe a new genus and species of March fly, Protopenthetria skartveiti gen. et sp. nov. from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The new genus and species described and illustrated based on a well-preserved male specimen. A key to all known genera and species of Bibonidae from Burmese amber is given. The discovery of Protopenthetria skartveiti gen. nov. et sp. nov. provides evidence about the morphology of Bibionidae in the Mesozoic and illustrates the high diversity of the Burmese amber biota.