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William H Green - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigating the techno economic trade offs of hydrogen source using a response surface model of drop in biofuel production via bio oil Upgrading
    Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mark M Wright, Yuriy Romanleshkov, William H Green
    Abstract:

    This study presents a parametric fitting of the economics of Bio-Oil stabilization and hydroprocessing to naphtha and diesel range blend fuel. The data is fit with a response surface model (RSM). Technical variables evaluated in this study are rate of Bio-Oil Upgrading and natural gas input rate. Economic variables considered include Bio-Oil, natural gas, hydrogen, catalyst, capital, and fossil carbon costs. Our base case consists of a 1440 tonnes per day Bio-Oil Upgrading biorefinery concept design for the production of naphtha and diesel range blend stock fuels. The RSM represents variation around this base case. The process model includes reforming, stabilization, and hydroprocessing sections. Total project investment for this concept is $171.5 million or $2.34 per gallon of Bio-Oil input capacity. This base case biorefinery generates 71.8 million gallons of fuel (5182 barrels per day) at a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $2.48 per gallon. We investigated the techno-economic impacts of different hydrogen sources on the Bio-Oil Upgrading process. Hydrogen from Bio-Oil reforming results in the lowest biofuel emissions but is not always economical. A portion of available Bio-Oil should be converted to hydrogen under two main conditions: the cost of hydrogen from Bio-Oil is lower than procuring hydrogen from other sources and the lost income due to a lower biofuel output; and/or when there is a market or policy constraint limiting fossil fuel use. Results indicate that to minimize fuel costs, the amount of Bio-Oil upgraded should decrease from ≥90% to 80% as Bio-Oil prices decline from $1.37 to $0.70 per gallon depending on market conditions. Carbon emission constrains such as those mandated by the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) could force Bio-Oil Upgrading rates to less than 90%.

  • Investigating the techno‐economic trade‐offs of hydrogen source using a response surface model of drop‐in biofuel production via bio‐oil Upgrading
    Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mark M Wright, Yuriy Román-leshkov, William H Green
    Abstract:

    This study presents a parametric fitting of the economics of Bio-Oil stabilization and hydroprocessing to naphtha and diesel range blend fuel. The data is fit with a response surface model (RSM). Technical variables evaluated in this study are rate of Bio-Oil Upgrading and natural gas input rate. Economic variables considered include Bio-Oil, natural gas, hydrogen, catalyst, capital, and fossil carbon costs. Our base case consists of a 1440 tonnes per day Bio-Oil Upgrading biorefinery concept design for the production of naphtha and diesel range blend stock fuels. The RSM represents variation around this base case. The process model includes reforming, stabilization, and hydroprocessing sections. Total project investment for this concept is $171.5 million or $2.34 per gallon of Bio-Oil input capacity. This base case biorefinery generates 71.8 million gallons of fuel (5182 barrels per day) at a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $2.48 per gallon. We investigated the techno-economic impacts of different hydrogen sources on the Bio-Oil Upgrading process. Hydrogen from Bio-Oil reforming results in the lowest biofuel emissions but is not always economical. A portion of available Bio-Oil should be converted to hydrogen under two main conditions: the cost of hydrogen from Bio-Oil is lower than procuring hydrogen from other sources and the lost income due to a lower biofuel output; and/or when there is a market or policy constraint limiting fossil fuel use. Results indicate that to minimize fuel costs, the amount of Bio-Oil upgraded should decrease from ≥90% to 80% as Bio-Oil prices decline from $1.37 to $0.70 per gallon depending on market conditions. Carbon emission constrains such as those mandated by the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) could force Bio-Oil Upgrading rates to less than 90%.

Mark M Wright - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigating the techno economic trade offs of hydrogen source using a response surface model of drop in biofuel production via bio oil Upgrading
    Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mark M Wright, Yuriy Romanleshkov, William H Green
    Abstract:

    This study presents a parametric fitting of the economics of Bio-Oil stabilization and hydroprocessing to naphtha and diesel range blend fuel. The data is fit with a response surface model (RSM). Technical variables evaluated in this study are rate of Bio-Oil Upgrading and natural gas input rate. Economic variables considered include Bio-Oil, natural gas, hydrogen, catalyst, capital, and fossil carbon costs. Our base case consists of a 1440 tonnes per day Bio-Oil Upgrading biorefinery concept design for the production of naphtha and diesel range blend stock fuels. The RSM represents variation around this base case. The process model includes reforming, stabilization, and hydroprocessing sections. Total project investment for this concept is $171.5 million or $2.34 per gallon of Bio-Oil input capacity. This base case biorefinery generates 71.8 million gallons of fuel (5182 barrels per day) at a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $2.48 per gallon. We investigated the techno-economic impacts of different hydrogen sources on the Bio-Oil Upgrading process. Hydrogen from Bio-Oil reforming results in the lowest biofuel emissions but is not always economical. A portion of available Bio-Oil should be converted to hydrogen under two main conditions: the cost of hydrogen from Bio-Oil is lower than procuring hydrogen from other sources and the lost income due to a lower biofuel output; and/or when there is a market or policy constraint limiting fossil fuel use. Results indicate that to minimize fuel costs, the amount of Bio-Oil upgraded should decrease from ≥90% to 80% as Bio-Oil prices decline from $1.37 to $0.70 per gallon depending on market conditions. Carbon emission constrains such as those mandated by the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) could force Bio-Oil Upgrading rates to less than 90%.

  • Investigating the techno‐economic trade‐offs of hydrogen source using a response surface model of drop‐in biofuel production via bio‐oil Upgrading
    Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mark M Wright, Yuriy Román-leshkov, William H Green
    Abstract:

    This study presents a parametric fitting of the economics of Bio-Oil stabilization and hydroprocessing to naphtha and diesel range blend fuel. The data is fit with a response surface model (RSM). Technical variables evaluated in this study are rate of Bio-Oil Upgrading and natural gas input rate. Economic variables considered include Bio-Oil, natural gas, hydrogen, catalyst, capital, and fossil carbon costs. Our base case consists of a 1440 tonnes per day Bio-Oil Upgrading biorefinery concept design for the production of naphtha and diesel range blend stock fuels. The RSM represents variation around this base case. The process model includes reforming, stabilization, and hydroprocessing sections. Total project investment for this concept is $171.5 million or $2.34 per gallon of Bio-Oil input capacity. This base case biorefinery generates 71.8 million gallons of fuel (5182 barrels per day) at a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $2.48 per gallon. We investigated the techno-economic impacts of different hydrogen sources on the Bio-Oil Upgrading process. Hydrogen from Bio-Oil reforming results in the lowest biofuel emissions but is not always economical. A portion of available Bio-Oil should be converted to hydrogen under two main conditions: the cost of hydrogen from Bio-Oil is lower than procuring hydrogen from other sources and the lost income due to a lower biofuel output; and/or when there is a market or policy constraint limiting fossil fuel use. Results indicate that to minimize fuel costs, the amount of Bio-Oil upgraded should decrease from ≥90% to 80% as Bio-Oil prices decline from $1.37 to $0.70 per gallon depending on market conditions. Carbon emission constrains such as those mandated by the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) could force Bio-Oil Upgrading rates to less than 90%.

Ravinder Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Thermochemical production of Bio-Oil: A review of downstream processing technologies for Bio-Oil Upgrading, production of hydrogen and high value-added products
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021
    Co-Authors: Ravinder Kumar, Vladimir Strezov
    Abstract:

    Abstract Bio-Oil produced from biomass pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction is considered as the most sustainable alternative for depleting fossil fuels. However, the poor Bio-Oil properties, such as high viscosity, presence of solid particles, low calorific value and high instability are restricting its use as a drop-in fuel. The Bio-Oil properties can be significantly improved using different methods, such as catalytic Upgrading, biomass pre-treatment and downstream Bio-Oil Upgrading. This article focusses on the widely used methods for downstream Bio-Oil Upgrading, such as hydrotreatment, solvent addition, emulsification, microfiltration and electrocatalytic hydrogenation. The Bio-Oil Upgrading using non-polar solvents or preparing emulsions using surfactants have shown a significant increase in the calorific values and a considerable decrease in viscosity of the Bio-Oil. On the other hand, filtration of the Bio-Oil using membranes can remove the char particles and alkali and alkali earth metals from the Bio-Oil, consequently, leading to higher stability of the Bio-Oil. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of the Bio-Oil has shown promising results to increase the content of hydrocarbons and increased pH by removing the carbonyl group-containing compounds from the Bio-Oil. The Bio-Oil can also be upgraded to other clean fuels, such as H2 using steam reforming approach, has been critically reviewed. Basic principles of the processes and effects of different parameters on Bio-Oil Upgrading are thoroughly discussed. In addition, techno-economic analysis, policy analysis, challenges and future recommendations related to downstream processes are provided in the article. Overall, this review article provides critical information about downstream Bio-Oil Upgrading and production of other high value-added fuels.

  • lignocellulose biomass pyrolysis for bio oil production a review of biomass pre treatment methods for production of drop in fuels
    Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ravinder Kumar, Tao Kan, Haftom Weldekidan, Vladimir Strezov, S Singh, Behnam Dastjerdi
    Abstract:

    Bio-Oil Upgrading can be achieved mainly via three types of methods that are biomass pre-treatment, catalytic Upgrading and downstream Bio-Oil Upgrading. The article aim is to review the different physicochemical biomass pre-treatment methods used to improve the physiochemical properties of the Bio-Oils produced from pyrolysis of treated biomass. Biomass pre-treatment could be classified as physical, thermal, chemical and biological methods. The physical methods, such as grinding and densification improve the biomass particle size and density, affecting the heat flow and mass transfer during pyrolysis, while thermal methods, such as torrefaction, decrease the activation energy of the pyrolysis process and increase the amount of hydrocarbons in the produced Bio-Oil. The chemical methods generally remove the minerals and alkali metals from the biomass, improve its calorific value and enhance other biomass properties. The biomass pre-treatment methods can be integrated with catalytic pyrolysis to enhance the total carbon yield and aromatic hydrocarbons in the Bio-Oil. This article provides review of the basic principles of the methods, important parameters that affect biomass properties, highlights the key challenges involved in each treatment method and suggests possible future recommendations to further understand the influence of the pre-treatment methods on Bio-Oil Upgrading. In the last section, the effect of integrated catalytic pyrolysis and pre-treatment methods on Bio-Oil Upgrading is provided.

  • Bio-Oil Upgrading with catalytic pyrolysis of biomass using Copper/zeolite-Nickel/zeolite and Copper-Nickel/zeolite catalysts
    Bioresource Technology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ravinder Kumar, Tao Kan, Behnam Dastjerdi, Haftom Weldekidan, Vladimir Strezov, Jing He, Emma Lovell, Jason Scott
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Bio-Oil obtained from a general pyrolysis process contains a higher concentration of oxygenated compounds and the resultant physical and chemical properties make it an unsuitable drop-in fuel. The oxygenated compounds in the Bio-Oil can be converted into hydrocarbons or less oxygenated compounds with the application of catalysts. This study demonstrated the Bio-Oil Upgrading with the application of catalysts, comparing the catalytic effect of combined mono-metallic catalysts (Cu/zeolite and Ni/zeolite) and sole bi-metallic catalyst (CuNi/zeolite) on the composition of Bio-Oil and pyrolytic gases. The results demonstrated that in comparison to the combined mono-metallic catalysts, the sole bi-metallic catalyst showed better deoxygenation for all the oxygenated compounds and favoured the production of aliphatic hydrocarbons, whereas the combination of mono-metallic catalysts generated higher proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons in the Bio-Oil. In both cases, the catalysts equally favoured decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions, as CO2/CO of approximately 1 was obtained during the pyrolysis process.

Vladimir Strezov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Thermochemical production of Bio-Oil: A review of downstream processing technologies for Bio-Oil Upgrading, production of hydrogen and high value-added products
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021
    Co-Authors: Ravinder Kumar, Vladimir Strezov
    Abstract:

    Abstract Bio-Oil produced from biomass pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction is considered as the most sustainable alternative for depleting fossil fuels. However, the poor Bio-Oil properties, such as high viscosity, presence of solid particles, low calorific value and high instability are restricting its use as a drop-in fuel. The Bio-Oil properties can be significantly improved using different methods, such as catalytic Upgrading, biomass pre-treatment and downstream Bio-Oil Upgrading. This article focusses on the widely used methods for downstream Bio-Oil Upgrading, such as hydrotreatment, solvent addition, emulsification, microfiltration and electrocatalytic hydrogenation. The Bio-Oil Upgrading using non-polar solvents or preparing emulsions using surfactants have shown a significant increase in the calorific values and a considerable decrease in viscosity of the Bio-Oil. On the other hand, filtration of the Bio-Oil using membranes can remove the char particles and alkali and alkali earth metals from the Bio-Oil, consequently, leading to higher stability of the Bio-Oil. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of the Bio-Oil has shown promising results to increase the content of hydrocarbons and increased pH by removing the carbonyl group-containing compounds from the Bio-Oil. The Bio-Oil can also be upgraded to other clean fuels, such as H2 using steam reforming approach, has been critically reviewed. Basic principles of the processes and effects of different parameters on Bio-Oil Upgrading are thoroughly discussed. In addition, techno-economic analysis, policy analysis, challenges and future recommendations related to downstream processes are provided in the article. Overall, this review article provides critical information about downstream Bio-Oil Upgrading and production of other high value-added fuels.

  • lignocellulose biomass pyrolysis for bio oil production a review of biomass pre treatment methods for production of drop in fuels
    Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ravinder Kumar, Tao Kan, Haftom Weldekidan, Vladimir Strezov, S Singh, Behnam Dastjerdi
    Abstract:

    Bio-Oil Upgrading can be achieved mainly via three types of methods that are biomass pre-treatment, catalytic Upgrading and downstream Bio-Oil Upgrading. The article aim is to review the different physicochemical biomass pre-treatment methods used to improve the physiochemical properties of the Bio-Oils produced from pyrolysis of treated biomass. Biomass pre-treatment could be classified as physical, thermal, chemical and biological methods. The physical methods, such as grinding and densification improve the biomass particle size and density, affecting the heat flow and mass transfer during pyrolysis, while thermal methods, such as torrefaction, decrease the activation energy of the pyrolysis process and increase the amount of hydrocarbons in the produced Bio-Oil. The chemical methods generally remove the minerals and alkali metals from the biomass, improve its calorific value and enhance other biomass properties. The biomass pre-treatment methods can be integrated with catalytic pyrolysis to enhance the total carbon yield and aromatic hydrocarbons in the Bio-Oil. This article provides review of the basic principles of the methods, important parameters that affect biomass properties, highlights the key challenges involved in each treatment method and suggests possible future recommendations to further understand the influence of the pre-treatment methods on Bio-Oil Upgrading. In the last section, the effect of integrated catalytic pyrolysis and pre-treatment methods on Bio-Oil Upgrading is provided.

  • Bio-Oil Upgrading with catalytic pyrolysis of biomass using Copper/zeolite-Nickel/zeolite and Copper-Nickel/zeolite catalysts
    Bioresource Technology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ravinder Kumar, Tao Kan, Behnam Dastjerdi, Haftom Weldekidan, Vladimir Strezov, Jing He, Emma Lovell, Jason Scott
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Bio-Oil obtained from a general pyrolysis process contains a higher concentration of oxygenated compounds and the resultant physical and chemical properties make it an unsuitable drop-in fuel. The oxygenated compounds in the Bio-Oil can be converted into hydrocarbons or less oxygenated compounds with the application of catalysts. This study demonstrated the Bio-Oil Upgrading with the application of catalysts, comparing the catalytic effect of combined mono-metallic catalysts (Cu/zeolite and Ni/zeolite) and sole bi-metallic catalyst (CuNi/zeolite) on the composition of Bio-Oil and pyrolytic gases. The results demonstrated that in comparison to the combined mono-metallic catalysts, the sole bi-metallic catalyst showed better deoxygenation for all the oxygenated compounds and favoured the production of aliphatic hydrocarbons, whereas the combination of mono-metallic catalysts generated higher proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons in the Bio-Oil. In both cases, the catalysts equally favoured decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions, as CO2/CO of approximately 1 was obtained during the pyrolysis process.

Yuriy Román-leshkov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Investigating the techno‐economic trade‐offs of hydrogen source using a response surface model of drop‐in biofuel production via bio‐oil Upgrading
    Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mark M Wright, Yuriy Román-leshkov, William H Green
    Abstract:

    This study presents a parametric fitting of the economics of Bio-Oil stabilization and hydroprocessing to naphtha and diesel range blend fuel. The data is fit with a response surface model (RSM). Technical variables evaluated in this study are rate of Bio-Oil Upgrading and natural gas input rate. Economic variables considered include Bio-Oil, natural gas, hydrogen, catalyst, capital, and fossil carbon costs. Our base case consists of a 1440 tonnes per day Bio-Oil Upgrading biorefinery concept design for the production of naphtha and diesel range blend stock fuels. The RSM represents variation around this base case. The process model includes reforming, stabilization, and hydroprocessing sections. Total project investment for this concept is $171.5 million or $2.34 per gallon of Bio-Oil input capacity. This base case biorefinery generates 71.8 million gallons of fuel (5182 barrels per day) at a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $2.48 per gallon. We investigated the techno-economic impacts of different hydrogen sources on the Bio-Oil Upgrading process. Hydrogen from Bio-Oil reforming results in the lowest biofuel emissions but is not always economical. A portion of available Bio-Oil should be converted to hydrogen under two main conditions: the cost of hydrogen from Bio-Oil is lower than procuring hydrogen from other sources and the lost income due to a lower biofuel output; and/or when there is a market or policy constraint limiting fossil fuel use. Results indicate that to minimize fuel costs, the amount of Bio-Oil upgraded should decrease from ≥90% to 80% as Bio-Oil prices decline from $1.37 to $0.70 per gallon depending on market conditions. Carbon emission constrains such as those mandated by the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) could force Bio-Oil Upgrading rates to less than 90%.