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M G Rasul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the potential of utilising papaya seed oil and stone fruit kernel oil as non edible feedstock for Biodiesel production in australia a review
Energy Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Mohammad Anwar, M G Rasul, Nanjappa Ashwath, Md Nurun NabiAbstract:Abstract This paper reviews and discusses the potential of papaya seed and stone fruit kernel Biodiesels — the two sources of 2nd generation transport Biodiesels in Australia. The challenges associated with Biodiesel production and their possible solutions, particularly on feedstock selection, oil extraction, conversion of oil into Biodiesel, Biodiesel storage and transport, costs of production and the information needs for commercialising these sources of Biodiesels are discussed, along with the eco-friendly attributes of these Biodiesels to Australian transport sector. Some researchers report that the use of papaya seed and stone fruit kernel Biodiesels reduce engine power only 2 to 5%), however significantly reduce harmful engine emission such as HC reductions of 9 to 19%, PM reductions of 19.5 to 35% and CO reductions of 11 to 29%.
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Influence of second generation Biodiesel on engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters
'Elsevier BV', 2018Co-Authors: Mn Nabi, M G RasulAbstract:Nabi, M ORCiD: 0000-0002-4087-930X; Rasul, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8159-1321The present study compares diesel engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters of three non-edible Biodiesels blends and a reference diesel. The three Biodiesel blends were prepared so as to keep the blend oxygen percentage at around 3.3 wt%. Considering the economy and availability, waste cooking and macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) Biodiesels were chosen for all the engine experiments. A commercial diesel was used as a reference fuel to compare the performance and emissions with those of the Biodiesel blends. To keep the oxygen percentage of the blends approximately the same as for the reference diesel, around 30% waste cooking Biodiesel was added to 70% reference diesel to make the first blend. Similarly, around 30% macadamia Biodiesel was mixed with 70% reference diesel to make the second blend. In addition, 10% macadamia Biodiesel and 20% waste cooking Biodiesel were mixed with the 70% reference diesel to make the third blend with similar oxygen content. The macadamia blend is designated as MaD, the waste cooking blend is termed WcD, and the blend with macadamia and waste cooking Biodiesel is abbreviated as MaWcD. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the fuel-oxygen on engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters. A well-instrumented, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, naturally aspirated direct injection (DI) diesel engine was used for the experiments. The engine was loaded and coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. Performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters for the three Biodiesel blends were compared with those of the reference diesel. Without significant reduction in engine performance, a significant reduction in total unburnt hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) emissions with a penalty of increased nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were realised with all three Biodiesel blends. © 2018 Elsevier LtdAssociated Grant:The current investigation was supported by funding from the Deputy Vice Chancellor Research (DVCR), Central Queensland University
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prospects feedstocks and challenges of Biodiesel production from beauty leaf oil and castor oil a nonedible oil sources in australia
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: A K Azad, M Mofijur, M G Rasul, M M K Khan, Subhash C Sharma, M M K BhuiyaAbstract:This study critically reviewed the prospects, feedstocks and challenges of Biodiesel production from two non-edible oil sources, namely Beauty leaf oil (BLT) (Calophyllum inophyllum) and Castor oil (Ricinus communis). The recent developments and the lifecycle assessment (LCA) of these species such as their habitat, growth, oil content, free fatty acid profile and Biodiesel characteristics are briefly discussed. Different oil extraction techniques and Biodiesel conversion methods are also presented. The properties of the pure Biodiesel and their blends are compared with petroleum diesel under different ASTM and European standards. Furthermore, the literatures on engine performance and emission studies using these Biodiesels are reviewed and presented in tabular form. The review found that BLT oil can be catalytically transesterified to produce Biodiesel as a potential alternative transport fuel in Australia. The review concludes that castor oil is not only an alternate fuel resource, but it also holds good lubricating properties and hence is a potential bio-lubricant source for internal combustion engines. Further research is needed on combustion, corrosion, tribo-corrosion, long term engine durability tests and tribological performance tests before recommending commercial scale Biodiesel production from BLT oil and Castor oil.
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prospects of 2nd generation Biodiesel as a sustainable fuel part 2 properties performance and emission characteristics
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: M M K Bhuiya, M G Rasul, Nanjappa Ashwath, M M K Khan, A K Azad, M A HazratAbstract:Increased global warming and declining fossil fuel reserves have stimulated the researchers to look for new sources of fuel, which should be renewable, locally available and environmentally benign. Biodiesel has been receiving increasing attention because of the relevance it gains from the rising petroleum price and its environmental advantages. This paper reviews and highlights several aspects of non-edible oils which are termed as 2nd generation Biodiesel, such as the Biodiesel’s physico-chemical properties, and its effect on engine performances and emissions. In addition, the effect of Biodiesel on engine power, fuel economy and emissions including regulated and non-regulated, and the corresponding effect factors are surveyed and analysed in detail. It is found from the review that the Biodiesel fuel properties vary depending on the sources of feedstocks which have considerable impact on engine performances and emissions characteristics. The use of Biodiesel leads to the substantial reduction in key pollutants namely particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions accompanying with the imperceptible power loss, slight increase in fuel consumption and slight increase in NOx emission on conventional diesel engines with no or fewer modification. This review introduces a potential guideline on further research for improving engine performance and emission characteristics using different 2nd generation Biodiesels and their blends. The study provides a comparative baseline to make an easy comparison among the Biodiesels in respect of fuel properties, engine performance and emission features.
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physio chemical assessment of beauty leaf calophyllum inophyllum as second generation Biodiesel feedstock
Energy Reports, 2015Co-Authors: M I Jahirul, M G Rasul, Richard J Brown, Wijitha Senadeera, Nanjapa Ashwath, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Farhad M Hossain, Lalehvash Moghaddam, Muhammad Aminul Islam, Ian M OharaAbstract:Recently, second-generation (non-vegetable oil) feedstocks for Biodiesel production are receiving significant attention due to the cost and social effects connected with utilising food products for the production of energy products. The Beauty leaf tree (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a potential source of non-edible oil for producing second-generation Biodiesel because of its suitability for production in an extensive variety of atmospheric condition, easy cultivation, high fruit production rate, and the high oil content in the seed. In this study, oil was extracted from Beauty leaf tree seeds through three different oil extraction methods. The important physical and chemical properties of these extracted Beauty leaf oils were experimentally analysed and compared with other commercially available vegetable oils. Biodiesel was produced using a two-stage esterification process combining of an acid catalysed pre-esterification process and an alkali catalysed transesterification process. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles and important physicochemical properties were experimentally measured and estimated using equations based on the FAME analysis. The quality of Beauty leaf Biodiesels was assessed and compared with commercially available Biodiesels through multivariate data analysis using PROMETHEE-GAIA software. The results show that mechanical extraction using a screw press produces oil at a low cost, however, results in low oil yields compared with chemical oil extraction. High pressure and temperature in the extraction process increase oil extraction performance. On the contrary, this process increases the free fatty acid content in the oil. A clear difference was found in the physical properties of Beauty leaf oils, which eventually affected the oil to Biodiesel conversion process. However, Beauty leaf oils methyl esters (Biodiesel) were very consistent physicochemical properties and able to meet almost all indicators of Biodiesel standards. Overall this study found that Beauty leaf is a suitable feedstock for producing second-generation Biodiesel in commercial scale. Therefore, the findings of this study are expected to serve as the basis for further development of Beauty leaf as a feedstock for industrial scale second-generation Biodiesel production.
D C Baruah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of tree seed oil Biodiesel a comparative review based on Biodiesel of a locally available tree seed
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012Co-Authors: Dilip Kumar Bora, D C BaruahAbstract:The present investigation is undertaken to investigate prospect of seeds of a locally available tree (koroch) for Biodiesel production. The middle-size, evergreen koroch tree with spreading branches are available in Assam. The characteristics of koroch Biodiesel and engine performance fueled by koroch Biodiesel are also analyzed reviewing similar results available in the literature so as to ascertain its status. Twelve number of different tree seed oils, reported earlier, are considered for making the present comparative assessment. Though transesterification has been the common process for converting tree seed oil into Biodiesel, as evidenced from the literature consulted in this study, but there have been variations of the chemical processes. Variations of the transesterification are attributed to (i) types of catalysis viz., acid (H2SO4) or base (KOH, NaOH, and NaOCH3), (ii) reaction temperature, (iii) molar ratio, (iv) nature of reaction viz., single stage or multi-stage. The outputs of the reaction have also been found varying in terms of yield as well as quality. Quality of Biodiesel, however, was found to influence by the nature of feedstock The assessment of quality parameters was made either by ASTM D 6751 or EN 14214 standards. The major fuel properties such as calorific value, kinematic viscosity, cetane number and cloud point of the reference Biodiesel (koroch Biodiesel) are compared with the properties of five Biodiesel obtained from non-edible tree seed (karanja, mahua, polonga, jatropha and rubber seed) and then ranked them in order of desirable property. No single Biodiesel type could be found at top rank with reference to more than one property. With regards to viscosity, except rubber seed Biodiesel, all other Biodiesels (karanja, mahua, polonga. jatropha and koroch) fulfilled the ASTM D 6751 (1.9-6 cSt) as well as EN14214 (3.5-5) standards. Koroch Biodiesel ranks 3rd, 3rd and 6th in case of kinematic viscosity, cetane number and calorific value amongst the Biodiesel types considered for the present study. Cloud point of koroch, polanga, mahua, rubber, karanja and jatropha Biodiesels are 4, 13.2, 5, 4, 12 and 4 degrees C. Further, properties of Biodiesel were found to have influencing correlation with the fatty acid characteristics of the feedstock. Therefore, Biodiesel with desirable properties could be expected form optimum mixing of different feedstock. Eleven number of different engine performance results pertaining to uses of Biodiesel are also reviewed in this paper. Varying test conditions with reference to fuel types and blends, engine size and loading pattern are discussed. Engine performance results of koroch Biodiesel were then compared with five similar tree-based Biodiesel. It is observed that tree seed oil with more unsaturated fatty acids exhibits lower thermal efficiency compared to Biodiesel having more saturated acids. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
M A Hazrat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prospects of 2nd generation Biodiesel as a sustainable fuel part 2 properties performance and emission characteristics
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: M M K Bhuiya, M G Rasul, Nanjappa Ashwath, M M K Khan, A K Azad, M A HazratAbstract:Increased global warming and declining fossil fuel reserves have stimulated the researchers to look for new sources of fuel, which should be renewable, locally available and environmentally benign. Biodiesel has been receiving increasing attention because of the relevance it gains from the rising petroleum price and its environmental advantages. This paper reviews and highlights several aspects of non-edible oils which are termed as 2nd generation Biodiesel, such as the Biodiesel’s physico-chemical properties, and its effect on engine performances and emissions. In addition, the effect of Biodiesel on engine power, fuel economy and emissions including regulated and non-regulated, and the corresponding effect factors are surveyed and analysed in detail. It is found from the review that the Biodiesel fuel properties vary depending on the sources of feedstocks which have considerable impact on engine performances and emissions characteristics. The use of Biodiesel leads to the substantial reduction in key pollutants namely particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions accompanying with the imperceptible power loss, slight increase in fuel consumption and slight increase in NOx emission on conventional diesel engines with no or fewer modification. This review introduces a potential guideline on further research for improving engine performance and emission characteristics using different 2nd generation Biodiesels and their blends. The study provides a comparative baseline to make an easy comparison among the Biodiesels in respect of fuel properties, engine performance and emission features.
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effect of antioxidants on oxidation stability of Biodiesel derived from vegetable and animal based feedstocks
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: I Rizwanul M Fattah, Sayeed Imtenan, M A Kalam, H H Masjuki, M A Hazrat, B M Masum, A M AshrafulAbstract:The increase of energy demand coped with utilization of fossil resources have engendered serious environmental impact. The progressively stringent worldwide emission legislation and increasing greenhouse gas emission require significant research effort on alternative fuels. Therefore, Biodiesels are becoming important increasingly due to its ease in adaptation, environmental benefits and prospect in energy security. Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils, waste cooking oils and animal fats are long chain fatty acid alkyl esters, which contains unsaturated portions that are susceptible to oxidation. Biodiesel oxidation is a complex process having a number of mechanisms involved. Autoxidation radical chain reactions are the primary cause of Biodiesel degradation that leads to formation of hydroperoxide, which, after that decompose to form an array of secondary oxidation products like aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, oligomers, gum, sediment etc. Antioxidants are often used to inhibit Biodiesel oxidative degradation. The present review attempts to cover the inhibition action of natural and synthetic antioxidants, methods used to analyze Biodiesel oxidation and their effect on Biodiesel derived from various feedstocks. Phenolic antioxidants are more effective compared to amine antioxidants. Pyrogallol is found to be the most effective antioxidant to improve the oxidation stability in case of almost all Biodiesels reviewed.
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second generation Biodiesel potential alternative to edible oil derived Biodiesel
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: M M K Bhuiya, M G Rasul, Nanjappa Ashwath, M M K Khan, A K Azad, M A HazratAbstract:Abstract The extensive use of fossil fuels is depleting its reserve and produces harmful emission causing environmental issues. Hence, considerable attention has been given to alternative sources such as Biodiesel. Currently, Biodiesel is mainly produced from conventionally grown edible oil plants thus leading to a competition of usage of food versus fuel. The increasing criticism of the sustainability of first generation Biodiesels (those derived from edible oils) has raised attention to the use of so-called second and third generation Biodiesels. The second generation Biodiesel includes non-edible vegetable oils, waste cooking oils as well as animal fats. These are considered as promising substitute for traditional edible food crops as they neither compete with food crops nor lead to land-clearing. This study introduces second generation Biodiesel to be used as Biodiesel feedstocks. Several aspects of these feedstocks are reviewed and discussed in this paper. These aspects include different sources of Biodiesel feedstocks, Biodiesel conversion technology and performance and emission characteristics of second generation Biodiesel.
Rodrigo Correa Basso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Liquid-liquid equilibrium in the purification steps of ethyl Biodiesels and analysis of their physical properties
2017Co-Authors: Rodrigo Correa BassoAbstract:Resumo: Uma vez que a decantação é comumente usada na purificação do Biodiesel, o conhecimento da distribuição dos componentes entre as duas fases líquidas formadas, dado pelo equilíbrio líquido-líquido (ELL), faz-se necessário. O comportamento deste biocombustível em motores e o dimensionamento de equipamentos para sua produção são dependentes de suas propriedades físicas. As informações referentes ao ELL e as propriedades físicas dos biodieseis etílicos são insuficientes na literatura científica, a despeito de sua importância como combustível completamente biorenovável. Deste modo, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram obter dados experimentais e modelar o ELL de sistemas contendo etanol + Biodiesel etilíco + água ou glicerol; simular as etapas de decantação na purificação dos biodieseis; obter dados experimentais e estudar o comportamento da densidade, da viscosidade e do perfil térmico de biodieseis etílicos; desenvolver um modelo para o cálculo da viscosidade de ésteres etílicos e sistematizar uma metodologia preditiva para o cálculo das densidades de biodieseis. Os resultados mostraram que a temperatura teve pouco efeito no ELL de sistemas contendo glicerol + etanol + Biodiesel etilíco de óleo de crambe. Os modelos NRTL e UNIQUAC descreveram o ELL dos sistemas com desvios globais menores que 1,22% e 1,07% para os sistemas contendo, respectivamente, água e glicerol. UNIFAC e UNIFAC-Dortmund apresentaram uma inadequada capacidade preditiva, com desvios globais maiores que 1,9% e 2,27% para os sistemas contendo, respectivamente, água e glicerol. A remoção parcial do etanol de sistemas contendo etanol + Biodiesel etílico + glicerol reduziu o teor de glicerol na fase rica em Biodiesel a concentrações inferiores ao mínimo requerido pelos padrões de qualidade do Biodiesel. Usando um decantador para a separação do glicerol e dois conjuntos misturador/separador em contracorrente na lavagem do Biodiesel, a quantidade de água requerida para a remoção de etanol e glicerol foi aproximadamente 1/4 da massa do Biodiesel a ser purificado, e 1/8 da quantidade de água usada com um único conjunto misturador/separador. Os biodieseis de óleo de crambe e de óleo de coco tiveram, respectivamente, as maiores e as menores viscosidades, e o Biodiesel de óleo de macauba teve o maior ponto de fusão entre os biodieseis analisados. A sistematização da metodologia predita para o cálculo de densidade resultou em desvios relativos menores que 0,89% e o modelo desenvolvido para o cálculo da viscosidade de ésteres etílicos resultou em desvios relativos médios menores que 14,73%Abstract:Since settling is commonly used in the Biodiesel purification, the knowledge of the component distribution between both liquid phases, given by the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE), is required. The Biodiesel behavior in engines and the equipment design for its synthesis process are dependent on physical properties of this biofuel. Despite its importance as a completely renewable biofuel, experimental data in the scientific literature about LLE and physical properties of Biodiesel produced by ethanolysis are scarce. Because of this, the aims of the present work were to obtain and to model LLE experimental data of systems containing ethanol + ethyl Biodiesel + water or glycerol; to simulate the settling in the Biodiesel purification; to determine experimental data and to evaluate the behavior of density, viscosity and thermal profile of ethyl Biodiesels; to develop a new model for calculation of ethyl ester viscosity and to present a systematized methodology for Biodiesel density calculation. The results showed little temperature effect on the LLE of the systems containing glycerol + ethanol + ethyl Biodiesel from crambe oil. NRTL and UNIQUAC models described the LLE of the systems with overall deviations lower than 1.22% and 1.07%, for the systems containing, respectively, water and glycerol. UNIFAC and UNIFAC-Dortmund showed poor predictive capacity, with overall deviations higher than 1.9% and 2.27% for the systems containing, respectively, water and glycerol. Partial removal of ethanol from the systems containing ethanol + ethyl Biodiesel + glycerol decreases the glycerol content in the Biodiesel-rich phase to lower content than that required by Biodiesel standard. Using a settler for glycerol separation and two sets mixer/settler in countercurrent for Biodiesel water washing, the water content required for ethanol and glycerol removal was about 1/4 of the mass of Biodiesel previous to settling, and 1/8 of the water content required for the Biodiesel purification using only a single set mixer/settler. The Biodiesels from crambe and coconut oil showed, respectively, the highest and the lowest viscosities, and the Biodiesel from macauba pulp oil showed the highest melting point among the studied Biodiesels. The systematized methodology resulted in relative deviations lower than 0.89% for the densities, and the developed model for the viscosity calculation showed relative deviations lower than 14.73
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liquid liquid equilibrium data and thermodynamic modeling at t k 298 2 in the washing step of ethyl Biodiesel production from crambe fodder radish and macauba pulp oils
Fuel, 2014Co-Authors: Rodrigo Correa Basso, Antonio J. A. Meirelles, Fabio Hideki Miyake, Eduardo A C BatistaAbstract:Abstract In this work, pseudo-ternary liquid–liquid equilibrium data were obtained for three systems composed for water + ethanol + ethyl Biodiesel from crambe, fodder radish and macauba pulp oils, at T / K = 298.2. Ethanol, which distributes in both phases, had greater affinity for the water-rich phase. Biodiesels and water showed almost complete immiscibility. Modeling with the NRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models was performed, resulting in average deviations ranging from 0.49% to 1.29%. UNIFAC-LLE and UNIFAC-Dortmund were used in prediction of the liquid–liquid equilibrium of these systems, resulting in average deviations ranging from 1.91% to 2.27% for the systems containing Biodiesel from crambe and fodder radish oils, and ranging from 3.17% to 3.28% for Biodiesel from macauba oil.
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densities and viscosities of fatty acid ethyl esters and Biodiesels produced by ethanolysis from palm canola and soybean oils experimental data and calculation methodologies
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013Co-Authors: Rodrigo Correa Basso, Antonio J. A. Meirelles, Eduardo A C BatistaAbstract:Knowledge of the densities and viscosities of Biodiesels is of great importance when designing equipment for synthesis processes and use of this biofuel in engines. Calculation methods for determining density and viscosity of products obtained from natural raw materials are powerful tools because the composition of this fuel varies. Despite the importance of Biodiesel as a completely renewable biofuel, little data are available regarding the determination of its physical properties when produced with ethanol. In the present work, the density and viscosity of three Biodiesels produced by ethanolysis were determined at different temperatures. A modified methodology was developed to calculate the viscosity of ethyl esters, and a new approach was presented for calculating density of ethyl esters and Biodiesels produced by ethanolysis. The experimental data were compared to calculated data, resulting in average relative deviations ranging from 0.81 to 16.31% and from 0.25 to 0.62%, respectively, for Biodiesel ...
H H Masjuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pilot scale production and the physicochemical properties of palm and calophyllum inophyllum Biodiesels and their blends
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016Co-Authors: A S Silitonga, H H Masjuki, T M I Mahlia, F Kusumo, A H BaharAbstract:Abstract Biodiesel production has grown rapidly in response to the escalating price of fossil fuels in the last 20 years. Biodiesels appear to be one of the solutions to fulfil the increasing energy demands of the transportation sector since it can be used as substitutes of diesel in diesel engines without the need to modify the engines. The aim of this study is to evaluate the properties of Biodiesels produced from crude palm and Calophyllum inophyllum oils using a pilot plant. A 50 L stainless steel jacketed reactor pilot plant is built to convert crude palm oil into palm methyl ester using transesterification process whereas crude C. inophyllum oil is processed using acid-catalysed esterification followed by alkaline-catalysed transesterification. The properties of the palm and C. inophyllum methyl esters are characterized according to the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) D6751 and European standard (EN) 14214 standards. In a latter section of this study, the palm and C. inophyllum methyl esters are blended with diesel fuel using different volume ratios. The oxidation stability of these blends is evaluated for two storage conditions for 90 days: (1) vacuum chamber and (2) room temperature. The oxidation stability of these blends is maintained for more than 12 h for 90 days when the fuels are stored in the vacuum chamber, which fulfils the Biodiesel standards. Based on the results, both crude palm and C. inophyllum oils are potential feedstocks for industrial-scale Biodiesel production and the Biodiesels can likely replace diesel fuel in the future.
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production of palm and jatropha based Biodiesel and investigation of palm jatropha combined blend properties performance exhaust emission and noise in an unmodified diesel engine
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014Co-Authors: A Sanjid, M A Kalam, H H Masjuki, S Ashrafur M Rahman, M J Abedin, S M PalashAbstract:An ever increasing drift of energy consumption, unequal geographical distribution of natural wealth and the quest for low carbon fuel for a cleaner environment are sparking off the production and use of Biodiesels in many countries around the globe. In this work, palm Biodiesel and jatropha Biodiesel were produced from the respective crude vegetable oils through transesterification, and the different physicochemical properties of the produced Biodiesels have been presented, and found to be acceptable according to the ASTM standard of Biodiesel specification. This paper presents experimental results of the research carried out to evaluate the BSFC, engine power, exhaust and noise emission characteristics of a combined palm and jatropha blend in a single-cylinder diesel engine at different engine speeds ranging from 1400 to 2200 rpm. Though the PBJB5 and PBJB10 Biodiesels showed a slightly higher BSFC than diesel fuel, all the measured emission parameters and noise emission were significantly reduced, except for NO emission. CO emissions for PBJB5 and PBJB10 were 9.53% and 20.49% lower than for diesel fuel. By contrast, HC emissions for PBJB5 and PBJB10 were 3.69% and 7.81% lower than for diesel fuel. The sound levels produced by PBJB5 and PBJB10 were also reduced by 2.5% and 5% compared with diesel fuel due to their lubricity and damping characteristics.
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effect of antioxidants on oxidation stability of Biodiesel derived from vegetable and animal based feedstocks
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: I Rizwanul M Fattah, Sayeed Imtenan, M A Kalam, H H Masjuki, M A Hazrat, B M Masum, A M AshrafulAbstract:The increase of energy demand coped with utilization of fossil resources have engendered serious environmental impact. The progressively stringent worldwide emission legislation and increasing greenhouse gas emission require significant research effort on alternative fuels. Therefore, Biodiesels are becoming important increasingly due to its ease in adaptation, environmental benefits and prospect in energy security. Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils, waste cooking oils and animal fats are long chain fatty acid alkyl esters, which contains unsaturated portions that are susceptible to oxidation. Biodiesel oxidation is a complex process having a number of mechanisms involved. Autoxidation radical chain reactions are the primary cause of Biodiesel degradation that leads to formation of hydroperoxide, which, after that decompose to form an array of secondary oxidation products like aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, oligomers, gum, sediment etc. Antioxidants are often used to inhibit Biodiesel oxidative degradation. The present review attempts to cover the inhibition action of natural and synthetic antioxidants, methods used to analyze Biodiesel oxidation and their effect on Biodiesel derived from various feedstocks. Phenolic antioxidants are more effective compared to amine antioxidants. Pyrogallol is found to be the most effective antioxidant to improve the oxidation stability in case of almost all Biodiesels reviewed.
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ignition delay combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with Biodiesel
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013Co-Authors: M Shahabuddin, M A Kalam, H H Masjuki, A M Liaquat, M MofijurAbstract:Biodiesels are gaining more importance as a promising alternative energy resource. Engine performance and emission characteristics of unmodified Biodiesel fueled diesel engines are highly influenced by its ignition and combustion behavior. This review article presents the literature review on ignition delay (ID), combustion and emission characteristics of Biodiesel fueled diesel engine. More than hundred articles report which have been published mostly in the last decade are reviewed in this paper. The investigation results report that the combustion characteristics of bio fueled engine is slightly different from the engine running with petroleum diesel. Most of the investigation results have reported that as compared to diesel, Biodiesel has early start of combustion (SOC) and shorter ID of between 1–5° and 0.25–1.0°, respectively. Higher cetane number (CN), lower compressibility and fatty acid composition of Biodiesel have been identified as the main elements for early SOC and shorter ID. In addition, it is also found that, the heat release rate (HRR) of Biodiesel is slightly lower than diesel owing to the lower calorific value, lower volatility, shorter ID and higher viscosity.
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environmental aspects and challenges of oilseed produced Biodiesel in southeast asia
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: M H Jayed, H H Masjuki, R Saidur, M I JahirulAbstract:Research on alternative fuel for the vehemently growing number of automotivesis intensified due to environmental reasons rather than turmoil in energy price and supply. From the policy and steps to emphasis the use of biofuel by governments all around the world, this can be comprehended that biofuel have placed itself as a number one substitute for fossil fuels. These phenomena made Southeast Asia a prominent exporter of Biodiesel. But thrust in Biodiesel production from oilseeds of palm and Jatropha curcas in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand is seriously threatening environmental harmony. This paper focuses on this critical issue of Biodiesels environmental impacts, policy, standardization of this region as well as on the emission of Biodiesel in automotive uses. To draw a bottom line on feasibilities of different feedstock of Biodiesel, a critical analysis on oilseed yield rate, land use, engine emissions and oxidation stability is reviewed. Palm oil based Biodiesel is clearly ahead in all these aspects of feasibility, except in the case of NOx where it lags from conventional petro diesel.