The Experts below are selected from a list of 11394 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
P Fito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
application of safes Systematic approach to food engineering Systems methodology to dehydration of apple by combined methods
Journal of Food Engineering, 2007Co-Authors: N Betoret, A Andres, Lucia Segui, P FitoAbstract:SAFES methodology has been specifically designed to describe and analyze foods, operations and processes Systematically. It is based on the multicomponent and polyphasic character of foods, requires establishing simplificative hypothesis and it allows us to quantify the changes that the operations and processes cause in food as well as the mechanisms responsible for them, making possible a quality control in the final product. The application of SAFES methodology to dehydration of apple by combined methods requires considering it as a Biologic System constituted by cells which assemble in a tissue including intercellular connexions, intercellular spaces and pores. In this System, the phases and components considered should not limit the mechanisms involved in removing water. Five components distributed in five different phases have been considered in the definition of composition matrix of raw material and products after each operation. Experimental data for mass (total, water and solutes) and volume changes after each step and simplified hypothesis concerning water distribution among phases and location of liquid phase have been necessary to apply the SAFES methodology, determining the evolution of composition and volume in each phase (composition matrix and volume vector) and analyzing driving forces and mechanisms involved in the main changes of the product. The application of SAFES methodology to dehydration of apple by combined methods reveals that traditional methods based on the analysis of foods as a continuous and homogeneous System are inadequate to control the changes in the quality properties of the product. Consequently, it is necessary a rigorous analysis directed to establish relations between food properties and physico-chemical changes in the product along the process.
N Betoret - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
application of safes Systematic approach to food engineering Systems methodology to dehydration of apple by combined methods
Journal of Food Engineering, 2007Co-Authors: N Betoret, A Andres, Lucia Segui, P FitoAbstract:SAFES methodology has been specifically designed to describe and analyze foods, operations and processes Systematically. It is based on the multicomponent and polyphasic character of foods, requires establishing simplificative hypothesis and it allows us to quantify the changes that the operations and processes cause in food as well as the mechanisms responsible for them, making possible a quality control in the final product. The application of SAFES methodology to dehydration of apple by combined methods requires considering it as a Biologic System constituted by cells which assemble in a tissue including intercellular connexions, intercellular spaces and pores. In this System, the phases and components considered should not limit the mechanisms involved in removing water. Five components distributed in five different phases have been considered in the definition of composition matrix of raw material and products after each operation. Experimental data for mass (total, water and solutes) and volume changes after each step and simplified hypothesis concerning water distribution among phases and location of liquid phase have been necessary to apply the SAFES methodology, determining the evolution of composition and volume in each phase (composition matrix and volume vector) and analyzing driving forces and mechanisms involved in the main changes of the product. The application of SAFES methodology to dehydration of apple by combined methods reveals that traditional methods based on the analysis of foods as a continuous and homogeneous System are inadequate to control the changes in the quality properties of the product. Consequently, it is necessary a rigorous analysis directed to establish relations between food properties and physico-chemical changes in the product along the process.
Changchun Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
stimuli responsive biodegradable poly methacrylic acid based nanocapsules for ultrasound traced and triggered drug delivery System
Biomaterials, 2014Co-Authors: Peng Yang, Sha Jin, Jing Ding, Jia Guo, Weibin Shi, Changchun WangAbstract:Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) have been investigated for echogenic intravenous drug delivery System. Due to the traditional UCAs with overlarge size (micro-scale), their reluctant accumulation in target organs and the instability have presented severe obstacles to the accurate response to the ultrasound and severely limited their further clinical application. Furthermore, elimination of drug carriers from the Biologic System after their carrying out the diagnostic or therapeutic functions is one important aspect to be considered. The drug carriers with large sizes, avoiding renal filtration, will lead to increasing toxicity. In this present paper, we design and develop a new type of triple-stimuli responsive (ultrasound/pH/GSH) biodegradable nanocapsules, in which fill up with perfluorohexane, and the DOX-loaded PMAA with disulfide crosslinking forms the wall. These soft nanocapsules with uniform size of 300 nm can easily enter the tumor tissues via EPR effects. The PMAA shell has high DOX-loading content (36 wt%) and great drug loading efficiency (93.5%), the PFH filled can effectively enhance US imaging signal through acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), ensuring diagnostic and image-guided therapeutic applications. What is more, the disulfide-crosslinked PMAA shell is biodegradable and thus safe for normal organisms. These merits enabled us optimize the balance of diagnostic, therapeutic and biodegradable functionalities in a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform.
Lloyd Mayer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
meeting summary signal transduction pathways in immune and inflammatory cells november 30 december 3 2000 amelia island florida u s a
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2003Co-Authors: Scott Plevy, Lloyd MayerAbstract:Throughout this symposium, recurrent themes were highlighted that may provide important clues to the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation and IBD. First, the mucosal immune System is unique: Studies describing signaling paradigms in peripheral immunocytes should be re-explored in the gut where the rules that govern cell signaling may not be the same. Paradigms are a point of departure to characterize similarities and differences in mucosal immunity. A good example is a differential requirement for costimulation through CD2 in lamina propria T cells compared with peripheral T cells. Furthermore, a new definition of T-cell "costimulation" is beginning to emerge. Costimulatory molecules may function to overcome physical barriers by allowing cognate interactions between other molecules or by targeting signaling complexes to membrane microdomains. This concept also relates to another recurrent theme: Interactions between signaling pathways and the cytoskeleton are functionally important. Finally, we were introduced to the novel concept of metabolic parameters as a readout for signal transduction in the immune System. In the recent past, cell signaling has been viewed as a linear exercise, connecting a cell surface receptor to a series of intermediate molecules to a program of gene expression. However, signal transduction is in fact a three-dimensional exercise in cell biology. The future challenge, as pointed out in the keynote address, is to integrate reductionist models into reality and describe networks of signal transduction pathways in complex bioSystems. "Threshold" responses were emphasized, with a small incremental increase or decrease in enzymatic activity leading to an on-off phenomenon referred to as a "molecular switch." In IBD, minute genetically determined differences in enzymatic activity may be critical. This point emphasizes the power of a genetic approach in IBD. Without strong genetic evidence, it is unlikely that fuctional assays will clarify the importance of small differences in enzymatic activity that may have dramatic Biologic consequences. This symposium identified recently described signal transduction molecules that may be attractive therapeutic targets in IBD. Characterization of signaling molecules such as SLP-76, SLAM, SAP, and Fyb in the mucosal immune System will be an important area of future research. Ultimately, well-developed scientific hypotheses need to be tested in human beings. This paradigm was perhaps best illustrated by PPARgamma, where reductionist models and mouse experiments have recently lead to small trials suggesting proof of concept in human IBD. This meeting also emphasized a renewed interest in innate immunity in IBD and inflammation research. The role of enteric flora in initiating and perpetuating inflammation in animal models of IBD suggests at some level the importance of the innate immune response. The role of TLRs and bacterial interactions were discussed, as was NF-kappaB as the prominent transcription factor target of innate immune activation. Numerous bridges between innate and adaptive immunity were highlighted, including IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-gamma. Their production during an innate immune response can profoundly affect functional T-cell responses in humans. In conclusion, the challenge of understanding signal transduction in IBD is one of integrating well-characterized inflammatory pathways into a complex Biologic System that is inhabited by diverse cell types that communicate, and is characterized by interactions with a complex microbial environment. Making sense of this complexity is a daunting task that will require a multifactorial approach utilizing reductionist Systems, mouse models, genetic studies, and ultimately human clinical trials.
Figueiredo, Ana Virgínia Pedrosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Comparação estatística de performance de métodos de redes neurais para sistema de olfação biológica
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biometria e Estatística Aplicada, 2007Co-Authors: Figueiredo, Ana Virgínia PedrosaAbstract:Um dos sentidos humanos que apresenta vários aspectos que ainda precisam ser elucidados é o sentido do olfato. Para isto muitos pesquisadores vêm estudando este sentido para melhor entender como ocorre o processamento das informações até a etapa de reconhecimento feita pelo cérebro. Desses estudos muitas foram as teorias propostas sobre o funcionamento do sistema olfativo, onde seus autores procuram esclarecer como ocorre a recepção, análise e detecção do odor. Muitas pessoas ainda têm como ferramenta de trabalho seus próprios narizes. Nesse tipo de trabalho pessoas são treinadas para inalar e detectar odores. Esse trabalho é considerado exaustivo e de risco para o profissional que, por exemplo, pode vir a inalar gases tóxicos. Para solucionar esse problema foram criados sistemas que simulam o nariz biológico. Esses sistemas são chamados de narizes artificiais. O nariz artificial é um equipamento formado por sensores e um sistema de reconhecimento de padrões. Os sensores são responsáveis por captar do meioexterno os sinais de odor. O sistema de reconhecimento de padrões é utilizado para classificar os sinais enviados pelos sensores e apresentar um resultado. No presente trabalho, foram utilizadas as técnicas de redes neurais artificiais para o reconhecimento de padrões. Pois essas técnicas são não-paramétricas e geralmente são não-lineares. A utilização de redes neurais artificiais como sistema de reconhecimento de odor tem sido bastante vantajosa. Elas têm a capacidade de trabalhar com dados não-lineares, possuem capacidade de adaptação, são tolerantes a erros e a ruídos e também possuem processamento paralelo. Foram utilizadas as redes MLP, RBF e PNN para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de reconhecimento de odor baseado em um modelo do sistema olfativo biológico e seus resultados foram comparados, utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon, com os respectivos modelos de redes sem a adaptação ao modelo biológico.One of the human senses that has several aspects get to be elucidated is the olfactory sense. Therefore, many scientists have been studying this sense in order to better understand how does the information processing happens until the brain recognize it. There were lots of theories regarding olfactory System functioning, in which its authors try to explain how the reception, the analysis and the odor detection occur. Many people still use their own noses as a working tool. In this kind of job, people are trained to inhale and detect different odors. It is considered as an exhausting and risky job for those professional that, for example, could inhale toxics gases. In order to solve this problem, many Systems that try to simulate a Biological nose were developed. These Systems are known as artificial noses. An artificial nose is an equipment composed of sensors and a pattern recognition System. The sensors are responsible for detecting odor signs from the external environment. The pattern recognition System is used to classify the signs sent by sensors and to provide a result from these signs.In the present work, artificial neural network techniques were used for the patternrecognition process, once these techniques are non-parametric and usually nonlinear. The usage of artificial neural networks as an odor recognition System has been quite advantageous. These networks are capable of working with non-linear data and also have an adaptation capability, they are tolerant to errors and noise, and have parallel processing. MLP, RBF e PNN were used in the development of an odor recognizing System based on a Biologic System model and its results were compared, using the Wilcoxon test on the respective network models without the adaptation to the Biologic model