The Experts below are selected from a list of 51660 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nripan Mathews - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synergistic gating of electro iono photoactive 2d chalcogenide neuristors coexistence of hebbian and homeostatic synaptic metaplasticity
Advanced Materials, 2018Co-Authors: Rohit Abraham John, Fucai Liu, Nguyen Anh Chien, Mohit Rameshchandra Kulkarni, Chao Zhu, Arindam Basu, Zheng Liu, Nripan MathewsAbstract:Emulation of brain-like signal processing with thin-film devices can lay the foundation for building artificially intelligent learning circuitry in future. Encompassing higher functionalities into single artificial neural elements will allow the development of robust neuromorphic circuitry emulating Biological Adaptation mechanisms with drastically lesser neural elements, mitigating strict process challenges and high circuit density requirements necessary to match the computational complexity of the human brain. Here, 2D transition metal di-chalcogenide (MoS2 ) neuristors are designed to mimic intracellular ion endocytosis-exocytosis dynamics/neurotransmitter-release in chemical synapses using three approaches: (i) electronic-mode: a defect modulation approach where the traps at the semiconductor-dielectric interface are perturbed; (ii) ionotronic-mode: where electronic responses are modulated via ionic gating; and (iii) photoactive-mode: harnessing persistent photoconductivity or trap-assisted slow recombination mechanisms. Exploiting a novel multigated architecture incorporating electrical and optical biases, this incarnation not only addresses different charge-trapping probabilities to finely modulate the synaptic weights, but also amalgamates neuromodulation schemes to achieve "plasticity of plasticity-metaplasticity" via dynamic control of Hebbian spike-time dependent plasticity and homeostatic regulation. Coexistence of such multiple forms of synaptic plasticity increases the efficacy of memory storage and processing capacity of artificial neuristors, enabling design of highly efficient novel neural architectures.
Rohit Abraham John - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synergistic gating of electro iono photoactive 2d chalcogenide neuristors coexistence of hebbian and homeostatic synaptic metaplasticity
Advanced Materials, 2018Co-Authors: Rohit Abraham John, Fucai Liu, Nguyen Anh Chien, Mohit Rameshchandra Kulkarni, Chao Zhu, Arindam Basu, Zheng Liu, Nripan MathewsAbstract:Emulation of brain-like signal processing with thin-film devices can lay the foundation for building artificially intelligent learning circuitry in future. Encompassing higher functionalities into single artificial neural elements will allow the development of robust neuromorphic circuitry emulating Biological Adaptation mechanisms with drastically lesser neural elements, mitigating strict process challenges and high circuit density requirements necessary to match the computational complexity of the human brain. Here, 2D transition metal di-chalcogenide (MoS2 ) neuristors are designed to mimic intracellular ion endocytosis-exocytosis dynamics/neurotransmitter-release in chemical synapses using three approaches: (i) electronic-mode: a defect modulation approach where the traps at the semiconductor-dielectric interface are perturbed; (ii) ionotronic-mode: where electronic responses are modulated via ionic gating; and (iii) photoactive-mode: harnessing persistent photoconductivity or trap-assisted slow recombination mechanisms. Exploiting a novel multigated architecture incorporating electrical and optical biases, this incarnation not only addresses different charge-trapping probabilities to finely modulate the synaptic weights, but also amalgamates neuromodulation schemes to achieve "plasticity of plasticity-metaplasticity" via dynamic control of Hebbian spike-time dependent plasticity and homeostatic regulation. Coexistence of such multiple forms of synaptic plasticity increases the efficacy of memory storage and processing capacity of artificial neuristors, enabling design of highly efficient novel neural architectures.
Arianna Zanolini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early life adversity Biological Adaptation and human capital evidence from an interrupted malaria control program in zambia
Journal of Health Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Gunther Fink, Atheendar S Venkataramani, Arianna ZanoliniAbstract:Abstract Growing evidence from evolutionary biology demonstrates how early life shocks trigger physiological changes designed to be adaptive in challenging environments. We examine the implications of one type of physiological Adaptation – immunity formation - for human capital accumulation. Using variation in early life malaria risk generated by an interrupted disease control program in Zambia, we show that exposure to infectious diseases during the first two years of life can reduce the harmful effects of malaria exposure on cognitive development during the preschool years. These findings suggest a non-linear and trajectory-dependent relationship between early life adversity and human capital formation.
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early life adversity Biological Adaptation and human capital
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Gunther Fink, Atheendar S Venkataramani, Arianna ZanoliniAbstract:We assess the impact of recent large-scale anti-malaria efforts on child development in Zambia. While the control efforts led to reductions in disease exposure initially, parasite prevalence resurged soon after program initiation in highly endemic areas. Comparing cohorts born before and after the campaign launch, we find that children with initially low but resurgent malaria exposure perform more poorly on cognitive tests, and no better on anthropometric and executive functioning. Our results suggest that temporary reductions in infectious disease exposure may harm rather than benefit children by undermining critical immune system Adaptations in early childhood.
Fucai Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synergistic gating of electro iono photoactive 2d chalcogenide neuristors coexistence of hebbian and homeostatic synaptic metaplasticity
Advanced Materials, 2018Co-Authors: Rohit Abraham John, Fucai Liu, Nguyen Anh Chien, Mohit Rameshchandra Kulkarni, Chao Zhu, Arindam Basu, Zheng Liu, Nripan MathewsAbstract:Emulation of brain-like signal processing with thin-film devices can lay the foundation for building artificially intelligent learning circuitry in future. Encompassing higher functionalities into single artificial neural elements will allow the development of robust neuromorphic circuitry emulating Biological Adaptation mechanisms with drastically lesser neural elements, mitigating strict process challenges and high circuit density requirements necessary to match the computational complexity of the human brain. Here, 2D transition metal di-chalcogenide (MoS2 ) neuristors are designed to mimic intracellular ion endocytosis-exocytosis dynamics/neurotransmitter-release in chemical synapses using three approaches: (i) electronic-mode: a defect modulation approach where the traps at the semiconductor-dielectric interface are perturbed; (ii) ionotronic-mode: where electronic responses are modulated via ionic gating; and (iii) photoactive-mode: harnessing persistent photoconductivity or trap-assisted slow recombination mechanisms. Exploiting a novel multigated architecture incorporating electrical and optical biases, this incarnation not only addresses different charge-trapping probabilities to finely modulate the synaptic weights, but also amalgamates neuromodulation schemes to achieve "plasticity of plasticity-metaplasticity" via dynamic control of Hebbian spike-time dependent plasticity and homeostatic regulation. Coexistence of such multiple forms of synaptic plasticity increases the efficacy of memory storage and processing capacity of artificial neuristors, enabling design of highly efficient novel neural architectures.
Zheng Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synergistic gating of electro iono photoactive 2d chalcogenide neuristors coexistence of hebbian and homeostatic synaptic metaplasticity
Advanced Materials, 2018Co-Authors: Rohit Abraham John, Fucai Liu, Nguyen Anh Chien, Mohit Rameshchandra Kulkarni, Chao Zhu, Arindam Basu, Zheng Liu, Nripan MathewsAbstract:Emulation of brain-like signal processing with thin-film devices can lay the foundation for building artificially intelligent learning circuitry in future. Encompassing higher functionalities into single artificial neural elements will allow the development of robust neuromorphic circuitry emulating Biological Adaptation mechanisms with drastically lesser neural elements, mitigating strict process challenges and high circuit density requirements necessary to match the computational complexity of the human brain. Here, 2D transition metal di-chalcogenide (MoS2 ) neuristors are designed to mimic intracellular ion endocytosis-exocytosis dynamics/neurotransmitter-release in chemical synapses using three approaches: (i) electronic-mode: a defect modulation approach where the traps at the semiconductor-dielectric interface are perturbed; (ii) ionotronic-mode: where electronic responses are modulated via ionic gating; and (iii) photoactive-mode: harnessing persistent photoconductivity or trap-assisted slow recombination mechanisms. Exploiting a novel multigated architecture incorporating electrical and optical biases, this incarnation not only addresses different charge-trapping probabilities to finely modulate the synaptic weights, but also amalgamates neuromodulation schemes to achieve "plasticity of plasticity-metaplasticity" via dynamic control of Hebbian spike-time dependent plasticity and homeostatic regulation. Coexistence of such multiple forms of synaptic plasticity increases the efficacy of memory storage and processing capacity of artificial neuristors, enabling design of highly efficient novel neural architectures.