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Richard J. Twitchett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fluctuations in the body size of marine invertebrates through the Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction event
    Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Simon D. Morten, Richard J. Twitchett
    Abstract:

    Abstract The sizes of a selection of common fossil marine invertebrates, including belemnites, ammonites and bivalves, from the Cleveland basin of northern England were measured, in order to assess whether there were any statistically significant Changes in body size through the Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction event. Bed-by-bed fluctuations in body size of pre-extinction bivalves from the Upper Pliensbachian may be influenced by taphonomic effects, whereas other size Changes recorded probably reflect real Biological Change. One taxon, the belemnite species Passaloteuthis bisulcata, records a significant size increase at the start of the extinction interval (hawskerense through to tenuicostatum subzones). The taxa Dactylioceras and Pseudomytiloides dubius both survive the extinction interval and record their smallest sizes in the immediate aftermath of the event (the early survival interval): a phenomenon known as the Lilliput effect. This is the first documented account of the Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction event. Apart from the belemnite Acrocoelites subtenuis, all taxa present in the aftermath of the event increase in body size through the later survival interval and subsequent recovery interval. In the Early Toarcian, size decrease may have been caused by low oxygen conditions and, possibly, Changes in water depth and food supply. Growth line data indicate that a bedding plane assemblage of Pseudomytiloides dubius from the semicelatum Subzone had slower rates of growth (more growth lines per millimetre) than a larger-sized assemblage from an adjacent horizon. Changes in variance also occur during the Pliensbachian–Toarcian event. Species show greatest variability in the survival interval, which may be the result of reduced interspecific competition experienced by those few taxa fortunate enough to survive the extinction crisis.

  • fluctuations in the body size of marine invertebrates through the pliensbachian toarcian extinction event
    Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Simon D. Morten, Richard J. Twitchett
    Abstract:

    The sizes of a selection of common fossil marine invertebrates, including belemnites, ammonites and bivalves, from the Cleveland basin of northern England were measured, in order to assess whether there were any statistically significant Changes in body size through the Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction event. Bed-by-bed fluctuations in body size of pre-extinction bivalves from the Upper Pliensbachian may be influenced by taphonomic effects, whereas other size Changes recorded probably reflect real Biological Change. One taxon, the belemnite species Passaloteuthis bisulcata, records a significant size increase at the start of the extinction interval (hawskerense through to tenuicostatum subzones). The taxa Dactylioceras and Pseudomytiloides dubius both survive the extinction interval and record their smallest sizes in the immediate aftermath of the event (the early survival interval): a phenomenon known as the Lilliput effect. This is the first documented account of the Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction event. Apart from the belemnite Acrocoelites subtenuis, all taxa present in the aftermath of the event increase in body size through the later survival interval and subsequent recovery interval. In the Early Toarcian, size decrease may have been caused by low oxygen conditions and, possibly, Changes in water depth and food supply. Growth line data indicate that a bedding plane assemblage of Pseudomytiloides dubius from the semicelatum Subzone had slower rates of growth (more growth lines per millimetre) than a larger-sized assemblage from an adjacent horizon. Changes in variance also occur during the Pliensbachian–Toarcian event. Species show greatest variability in the survival interval, which may be the result of reduced interspecific competition experienced by those few taxa fortunate enough to survive the extinction crisis.

Simon D. Morten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fluctuations in the body size of marine invertebrates through the Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction event
    Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Simon D. Morten, Richard J. Twitchett
    Abstract:

    Abstract The sizes of a selection of common fossil marine invertebrates, including belemnites, ammonites and bivalves, from the Cleveland basin of northern England were measured, in order to assess whether there were any statistically significant Changes in body size through the Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction event. Bed-by-bed fluctuations in body size of pre-extinction bivalves from the Upper Pliensbachian may be influenced by taphonomic effects, whereas other size Changes recorded probably reflect real Biological Change. One taxon, the belemnite species Passaloteuthis bisulcata, records a significant size increase at the start of the extinction interval (hawskerense through to tenuicostatum subzones). The taxa Dactylioceras and Pseudomytiloides dubius both survive the extinction interval and record their smallest sizes in the immediate aftermath of the event (the early survival interval): a phenomenon known as the Lilliput effect. This is the first documented account of the Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction event. Apart from the belemnite Acrocoelites subtenuis, all taxa present in the aftermath of the event increase in body size through the later survival interval and subsequent recovery interval. In the Early Toarcian, size decrease may have been caused by low oxygen conditions and, possibly, Changes in water depth and food supply. Growth line data indicate that a bedding plane assemblage of Pseudomytiloides dubius from the semicelatum Subzone had slower rates of growth (more growth lines per millimetre) than a larger-sized assemblage from an adjacent horizon. Changes in variance also occur during the Pliensbachian–Toarcian event. Species show greatest variability in the survival interval, which may be the result of reduced interspecific competition experienced by those few taxa fortunate enough to survive the extinction crisis.

  • fluctuations in the body size of marine invertebrates through the pliensbachian toarcian extinction event
    Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Simon D. Morten, Richard J. Twitchett
    Abstract:

    The sizes of a selection of common fossil marine invertebrates, including belemnites, ammonites and bivalves, from the Cleveland basin of northern England were measured, in order to assess whether there were any statistically significant Changes in body size through the Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction event. Bed-by-bed fluctuations in body size of pre-extinction bivalves from the Upper Pliensbachian may be influenced by taphonomic effects, whereas other size Changes recorded probably reflect real Biological Change. One taxon, the belemnite species Passaloteuthis bisulcata, records a significant size increase at the start of the extinction interval (hawskerense through to tenuicostatum subzones). The taxa Dactylioceras and Pseudomytiloides dubius both survive the extinction interval and record their smallest sizes in the immediate aftermath of the event (the early survival interval): a phenomenon known as the Lilliput effect. This is the first documented account of the Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the Pliensbachian–Toarcian extinction event. Apart from the belemnite Acrocoelites subtenuis, all taxa present in the aftermath of the event increase in body size through the later survival interval and subsequent recovery interval. In the Early Toarcian, size decrease may have been caused by low oxygen conditions and, possibly, Changes in water depth and food supply. Growth line data indicate that a bedding plane assemblage of Pseudomytiloides dubius from the semicelatum Subzone had slower rates of growth (more growth lines per millimetre) than a larger-sized assemblage from an adjacent horizon. Changes in variance also occur during the Pliensbachian–Toarcian event. Species show greatest variability in the survival interval, which may be the result of reduced interspecific competition experienced by those few taxa fortunate enough to survive the extinction crisis.

Tsutomu Takashima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The effect of smoking on Biological Change of recurrent breast cancer.
    Journal of translational medicine, 2020
    Co-Authors: Koji Takada, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Yuka Asano, Wataru Goto, Rika Kouhashi, Akimichi Yabumoto, Tamami Morisaki, Hisakazu Fujita, Masatsune Shibutani, Tsutomu Takashima
    Abstract:

    The selection of treatment for a patient with breast cancer largely relies on the cancer subtype. However, this process is complicated by Changes in tumor biology at relapse. Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer. The direct effect of a tobacco component delivered via blood circulation on the mammary gland tissue and subsequent DNA damage have been proposed to explain the association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer carcinogenesis. This postulation is supported by both tissue culture and animal studies demonstrating that the associated DNA damage further alters breast cancer cells, as indicated by an increased proliferative capacity and malignant transformation. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between Changes in Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) each receptor at recurrence, and smoking and the prognosis after recurrence. This retrospective study included 989 patients with primary breast cancer who developed relapse after surgery and 50 patients who underwent regenerative biopsy or surgery from December 2007 to March 2018. ER, PgR, and HER2 expression in the primary and recurrent lesions was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the correlations of these expression patterns with smoking history (pack-years) were examined. When ER was evaluated in recurrent tumors, negative and positive conversions were recognized in 3 (6.0%) and 1 patient (2.0%), respectively. When PgR was evaluated, negative conversion was recognized in 15 patients (30.0%). When HER2 was evaluated, positive conversion was recognized in 6 patients (12.0%). Consequently, we observed a Change in the intrinsic subtype in in 5 patients with recurrent tumors (10.0%). Although most clinical factors were not correlated with smoking, a positive conversion of HER2 in recurrence was significantly more frequent among smokers than among non-smokers (p = 0.024). Biological Changes during breast cancer recurrence should be given careful clinical consideration because they affect treatment after recurrence. Our results suggest that smoking may induce increased HER2 expression in recurrent breast tumors.

  • The effect of smoking on Biological Change of recurrent breast cancer
    2020
    Co-Authors: Koji Takada, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Yuka Asano, Wataru Goto, Rika Kouhashi, Akimichi Yabumoto, Tamami Morisaki, Hisakazu Fujita, Masatsune Shibutani, Tsutomu Takashima
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background The selection of treatment for a patient with breast cancer largely relies on the cancer subtype. However, this process is complicated by Changes in tumor biology at relapse. Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer. The direct effect of a tobacco component delivered via blood circulation on the mammary gland tissue and subsequent DNA damage have been proposed to explain the association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer carcinogenesis. This postulation is supported by both tissue culture and animal studies demonstrating that the associated DNA damage further alters breast cancer cells, as indicated by an increased proliferative capacity and malignant transformation. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between Changes in Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) each receptor at recurrence, and smoking and the prognosis after recurrence. Methods This retrospective study included 989 patients with primary breast cancer who developed relapse after surgery and 50 patients who underwent regenerative biopsy or surgery from December 2007 to March 2018. ER, PgR, and HER2 expression in the primary and recurrent lesions was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the correlations of these expression patterns with smoking history (pack-years) were examined. Results When ER was evaluated in recurrent tumors, negative and positive conversions were recognized in 3 (6.0%) and 1 patient (2.0%), respectively. When PgR was evaluated, negative conversion was recognized in 15 patients (30.0%). When HER2 was evaluated, positive conversion was recognized in 6 patients (12.0%). Consequently, we observed a Change in the intrinsic subtype in in 5 patients with recurrent tumors (10.0%). Although most clinical factors were not correlated with smoking, a positive conversion of HER2 in recurrence was significantly more frequent among smokers than among non-smokers (p=0.024). Conclusions Biological Changes during breast cancer recurrence should be given careful clinical consideration because they affect treatment after recurrence. Our results suggest that smoking may induce increased HER2 expression in recurrent breast tumors.

Koji Takada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The effect of smoking on Biological Change of recurrent breast cancer.
    Journal of translational medicine, 2020
    Co-Authors: Koji Takada, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Yuka Asano, Wataru Goto, Rika Kouhashi, Akimichi Yabumoto, Tamami Morisaki, Hisakazu Fujita, Masatsune Shibutani, Tsutomu Takashima
    Abstract:

    The selection of treatment for a patient with breast cancer largely relies on the cancer subtype. However, this process is complicated by Changes in tumor biology at relapse. Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer. The direct effect of a tobacco component delivered via blood circulation on the mammary gland tissue and subsequent DNA damage have been proposed to explain the association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer carcinogenesis. This postulation is supported by both tissue culture and animal studies demonstrating that the associated DNA damage further alters breast cancer cells, as indicated by an increased proliferative capacity and malignant transformation. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between Changes in Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) each receptor at recurrence, and smoking and the prognosis after recurrence. This retrospective study included 989 patients with primary breast cancer who developed relapse after surgery and 50 patients who underwent regenerative biopsy or surgery from December 2007 to March 2018. ER, PgR, and HER2 expression in the primary and recurrent lesions was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the correlations of these expression patterns with smoking history (pack-years) were examined. When ER was evaluated in recurrent tumors, negative and positive conversions were recognized in 3 (6.0%) and 1 patient (2.0%), respectively. When PgR was evaluated, negative conversion was recognized in 15 patients (30.0%). When HER2 was evaluated, positive conversion was recognized in 6 patients (12.0%). Consequently, we observed a Change in the intrinsic subtype in in 5 patients with recurrent tumors (10.0%). Although most clinical factors were not correlated with smoking, a positive conversion of HER2 in recurrence was significantly more frequent among smokers than among non-smokers (p = 0.024). Biological Changes during breast cancer recurrence should be given careful clinical consideration because they affect treatment after recurrence. Our results suggest that smoking may induce increased HER2 expression in recurrent breast tumors.

  • The effect of smoking on Biological Change of recurrent breast cancer
    2020
    Co-Authors: Koji Takada, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Yuka Asano, Wataru Goto, Rika Kouhashi, Akimichi Yabumoto, Tamami Morisaki, Hisakazu Fujita, Masatsune Shibutani, Tsutomu Takashima
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background The selection of treatment for a patient with breast cancer largely relies on the cancer subtype. However, this process is complicated by Changes in tumor biology at relapse. Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer. The direct effect of a tobacco component delivered via blood circulation on the mammary gland tissue and subsequent DNA damage have been proposed to explain the association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer carcinogenesis. This postulation is supported by both tissue culture and animal studies demonstrating that the associated DNA damage further alters breast cancer cells, as indicated by an increased proliferative capacity and malignant transformation. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between Changes in Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) each receptor at recurrence, and smoking and the prognosis after recurrence. Methods This retrospective study included 989 patients with primary breast cancer who developed relapse after surgery and 50 patients who underwent regenerative biopsy or surgery from December 2007 to March 2018. ER, PgR, and HER2 expression in the primary and recurrent lesions was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the correlations of these expression patterns with smoking history (pack-years) were examined. Results When ER was evaluated in recurrent tumors, negative and positive conversions were recognized in 3 (6.0%) and 1 patient (2.0%), respectively. When PgR was evaluated, negative conversion was recognized in 15 patients (30.0%). When HER2 was evaluated, positive conversion was recognized in 6 patients (12.0%). Consequently, we observed a Change in the intrinsic subtype in in 5 patients with recurrent tumors (10.0%). Although most clinical factors were not correlated with smoking, a positive conversion of HER2 in recurrence was significantly more frequent among smokers than among non-smokers (p=0.024). Conclusions Biological Changes during breast cancer recurrence should be given careful clinical consideration because they affect treatment after recurrence. Our results suggest that smoking may induce increased HER2 expression in recurrent breast tumors.

Theodore R Them - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • thallium isotopes reveal protracted anoxia during the toarcian early jurassic associated with volcanism carbon burial and mass extinction
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018
    Co-Authors: Theodore R Them, Benjamin C Gill, Andrew H Caruthers, Angela M Gerhardt, Darren R Grocke, Timothy W Lyons, Selva M Marroquin, Sune G Nielsen, Joao Trabucho Alexandre
    Abstract:

    For this study, we generated thallium (Tl) isotope records from two anoxic basins to track the earliest Changes in global bottom water oxygen contents over the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE; ∼183 Ma) of the Early Jurassic. The T-OAE, like other Mesozoic OAEs, has been interpreted as an expansion of marine oxygen depletion based on indirect methods such as organic-rich facies, carbon isotope excursions, and Biological turnover. Our Tl isotope data, however, reveal explicit evidence for earlier global marine deoxygenation of ocean water, some 600 ka before the classically defined T-OAE. This antecedent deoxygenation occurs at the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary and is coeval with the onset of initial large igneous province (LIP) volcanism and the initiation of a marine mass extinction. Thallium isotopes are also perturbed during the T-OAE interval, as defined by carbon isotopes, reflecting a second deoxygenation event that coincides with the acme of elevated marine mass extinctions and the main phase of LIP volcanism. This suggests that the duration of widespread anoxic bottom waters was at least 1 million years in duration and spanned early to middle Toarcian time. Thus, the Tl data reveal a more nuanced record of marine oxygen depletion and its links to Biological Change during a period of climatic warming in Earth’s past and highlight the role of oxygen depletion on past Biological evolution.