The Experts below are selected from a list of 4083 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Arthur M Friedlander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anthrax as a potential Biological Warfare agent
JAMA Internal Medicine, 1998Co-Authors: James C Pile, John D Malone, Edward M Eitzen, Arthur M FriedlanderAbstract:Anthrax is a zoonotic illness recognized since antiquity. Today, human anthrax has been all but eradicated from the industrialized world, with the vast majority of practitioners in the United States unlikely to have seen a case. Unfortunately, the disease remains endemic in many areas of the world, and anthrax poses a threat as a mass casualty‐ producing weapon if used in a Biological Warfare capacity. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:429-434
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anthrax as a potential Biological Warfare agent
JAMA Internal Medicine, 1998Co-Authors: James C Pile, John D Malone, Edward M Eitzen, Arthur M FriedlanderAbstract:Anthrax is a zoonotic illness recognized since antiquity. Today, human anthrax has been all but eradicated from the industrialized world, with the vast majority of practitioners in the United States unlikely to have seen a case. Unfortunately, the disease remains endemic in many areas of the world, and anthrax poses a threat as a mass casualty-producing weapon if used in a Biological Warfare capacity.
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clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to Biological Warfare agents
JAMA, 1997Co-Authors: D R Franz, Arthur M Friedlander, George W. Christopher, Julie A. Pavlin, Peter B Jahrling, D J Mcclain, D L Hoover, W R Bryne, Edward M EitzenAbstract:Concern regarding the use of Biological agents—bacteria, viruses, or toxins—as tools of Warfare or terrorism has led to measures to deter their use or, failing that, to deal with the consequences. Unlike chemical agents, which typically lead to violent disease syndromes within minutes at the site of exposure, diseases resulting from Biological agents have incubation periods of days. Therefore, rather than a paramedic, it will likely be a physician who is first faced with evidence of the results of a Biological attack. We provide here a primer on 10 classic Biological Warfare agents to increase the likelihood of their being considered in a differential diagnosis. Although the resultant diseases are rarely seen in many countries today, accepted diagnostic and epidemiologic principles apply; if the cause is identified quickly, appropriate therapy can be initiated and the impact of a terrorist attack greatly reduced.
Edward M Eitzen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cutaneous manifestations of Biological Warfare and related threat agents
Archives of Dermatology, 1999Co-Authors: Thomas W Mcgovern, George W. Christopher, Edward M EitzenAbstract:The specter of Biological Warfare (BW) looms large in the minds of many Americans. The US government has required that emergency response teams in more than 100 American cities be trained by the year 2001 to recognize and contain a BW attack. The US military is requiring active duty soldiers to receive immunization against anthrax. Dermatologists need not feel helpless in the face of a potential BW attack. Many potential agents have cutaneous manifestations that the trained eye of a dermatologist can recognize. Through early recognition of a BW attack, dermatologists can aid public health authorities in diagnosing the cause so that preventive and containment measures can be instituted to mitigate morbidity and mortality. This article reviews bacterial, viral, and toxin threat agents and emphasizes those that would have cutaneous manifestations following an aerosol attack. We conclude with clues that can help one recognize a Biological attack.
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anthrax as a potential Biological Warfare agent
JAMA Internal Medicine, 1998Co-Authors: James C Pile, John D Malone, Edward M Eitzen, Arthur M FriedlanderAbstract:Anthrax is a zoonotic illness recognized since antiquity. Today, human anthrax has been all but eradicated from the industrialized world, with the vast majority of practitioners in the United States unlikely to have seen a case. Unfortunately, the disease remains endemic in many areas of the world, and anthrax poses a threat as a mass casualty‐ producing weapon if used in a Biological Warfare capacity. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:429-434
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anthrax as a potential Biological Warfare agent
JAMA Internal Medicine, 1998Co-Authors: James C Pile, John D Malone, Edward M Eitzen, Arthur M FriedlanderAbstract:Anthrax is a zoonotic illness recognized since antiquity. Today, human anthrax has been all but eradicated from the industrialized world, with the vast majority of practitioners in the United States unlikely to have seen a case. Unfortunately, the disease remains endemic in many areas of the world, and anthrax poses a threat as a mass casualty-producing weapon if used in a Biological Warfare capacity.
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Biological Warfare: A Historical Perspective
JAMA, 1997Co-Authors: George W. Christopher, Theodore J. Cieslak, Julie A. Pavlin, Edward M EitzenAbstract:The deliberate use of microorganisms and toxins as weapons has been attempted throughout history. Biological Warfare has evolved from the crude use of cadavers to contaminate water supplies to the development of specialized munitions for battlefield and covert use. The modern development of Biological agents as weapons has paralleled advances in basic and applied microbiology. These include the identification of virulent pathogens suitable for aerosol delivery and industrial-scale fermentation processes to produce large quantities of pathogens and toxins. The history of Biological Warfare is difficult to assess because of a number of confounding factors. These include difficulties in verification of alleged or attempted Biological attacks, the use of allegations of Biological attacks for propaganda purposes, the paucity of pertinent microBiological or epidemiologic data, and the incidence of naturally occurring endemic or epidemic diseases during hostilities. Biological Warfare has been renounced by 140 nations, primarily for strategic and other pragmatic reasons. International diplomatic efforts, including the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, have not been entirely effective in preventing the enhancement and proliferation of offensive Biological Warfare programs. The threats posed by Biological weapons are likely to continue into the future.
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clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to Biological Warfare agents
JAMA, 1997Co-Authors: D R Franz, Arthur M Friedlander, George W. Christopher, Julie A. Pavlin, Peter B Jahrling, D J Mcclain, D L Hoover, W R Bryne, Edward M EitzenAbstract:Concern regarding the use of Biological agents—bacteria, viruses, or toxins—as tools of Warfare or terrorism has led to measures to deter their use or, failing that, to deal with the consequences. Unlike chemical agents, which typically lead to violent disease syndromes within minutes at the site of exposure, diseases resulting from Biological agents have incubation periods of days. Therefore, rather than a paramedic, it will likely be a physician who is first faced with evidence of the results of a Biological attack. We provide here a primer on 10 classic Biological Warfare agents to increase the likelihood of their being considered in a differential diagnosis. Although the resultant diseases are rarely seen in many countries today, accepted diagnostic and epidemiologic principles apply; if the cause is identified quickly, appropriate therapy can be initiated and the impact of a terrorist attack greatly reduced.
Kalle Levon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decontamination of Biological Warfare agents by a microwave plasma torch
Physics of Plasmas, 2005Co-Authors: Wilson Lai, Henry Lai, S P Kuo, Olga Tarasenko, Kalle LevonAbstract:A portable arc-seeded microwave plasma torch running stably with airflow is described and applied for the decontamination of Biological Warfare agents. Emission spectroscopy of the plasma torch indicated that this torch produced an abundance of reactive atomic oxygen that could effectively oxidize Biological agents. Bacillus cereus was chosen as a simulant of Bacillus anthracis spores for Biological agent in the decontamination experiments. Decontamination was performed with the airflow rate of 0.393l∕s, corresponding to a maximum concentration of atomic oxygen produced by the torch. The experimental results showed that all spores were killed in less than 8 s at 3 cm distance, 12 s at 4 cm distance, and 16 s at 5 cm distance away from the nozzle of the torch.
Ramesh C. Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of Biological Warfare agents using ultra violet laser induced fluorescence lidar
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013Co-Authors: Deepti Joshi, Deepak Kumar, Anil K. Maini, Ramesh C. SharmaAbstract:Abstract This review has been written to highlight the threat of Biological Warfare agents, their types and detection. Bacterial Biological agent Bacillus anthracis (bacteria causing the disease anthrax) which is most likely to be employed in Biological Warfare is being discussed in detail. Standoff detection of Biological Warfare agents in aerosol form using Ultra violet-Laser Induced Fluorescence (UV-LIF) spectroscopy method has been studied. Range-resolved detection and identification of Biological aerosols by both nano-second and non-linear femto-second LIDAR is also discussed. Calculated received fluorescence signal for a cloud of typical Biological agent Bacillus globigii (Simulants of B. anthracis) at a location of ∼5.0 km at different concentrations in presence of solar background radiation has been described. Overview of current research efforts in internationally available working UV-LIF LIDAR systems are also mentioned briefly.
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Standoff Laser-Induced Fluorescence Sensors for Biological Warfare Agents
Spectroscopy Letters, 2013Co-Authors: Deepak Kumar, Ramesh C. Sharma, Anil K. MainiAbstract:ABSTRACT We report comparison studies of two different sensors, the gated intensified charge-coupled device and the multianode photo multiplier tube detector for standoff detection of bio-aerosol. The ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence technique is considered. Ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence signals are evaluated under different bacteria aerosol concentrations, ranges, atmospheric conditions, and solar backgrounds. The signal-to-noise ratio is calculated for both the detectors for daylight and twilight solar conditions. The detectable concentration and range for both of the detectors is evaluated. Standoff ultraviolet laser-induced light detection and ranging is applicable in homeland security for early warning of Biological Warfare agents.
Han S Uhm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simulated experiment for elimination of chemical and Biological Warfare agents by making use of microwave plasma torch
Physics of Plasmas, 2004Co-Authors: Yong Cheol Hong, Jeong Hoon Kim, Han S UhmAbstract:The threat of chemical and Biological Warfare agents in a domestic terrorist attack and in military conflict is increasing worldwide. Elimination and decontamination of chemical and Biological Warfare (CBW) agents are immediately required after such an attack. Simulated experiment for elimination of CBW agents by making use of atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma torches is carried out. Elimination of Biological Warfare agents indicated by the vitrification or burnout of sewage sludge powders and decomposition of toluene gas as a chemical agent stimulant are presented. A detailed characterization for the elimination of the simulant chemicals using Fourier transform infrared and gas chromatography is also presented.