The Experts below are selected from a list of 7122 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Sergio Mario Camporeale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • energy performance and profitability of Biomass Boilers in commercial sector the case study of sainsbury s stores in the uk
    Energy Procedia, 2018
    Co-Authors: Arianna Sorrentino, Christos N Markides, Antonio M Pantaleo, Niccolo Le Brun, Salvador Acha, Giacobbe Braccio, Emanuele Fanelli, Sergio Mario Camporeale
    Abstract:

    Abstract Commercial buildings or shopping malls are characterized by large thermal and electrical energy consumptions with high variability of energy demand. Therefore, there is a large interest to explore novel renewable energy generation systems for these applications. A novel flexible configuration of Biomass-fired CHP system with organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is here proposed and applied to the case study of food retail buildings in the UK. The proposed configuration adopts a molten salt (MS) circuit to transfer heat from the Biomass furnace to the ORC plant. A thermal Energy Storage (TES) is proposed to improve the flexible operation of the plant and reduce the size of the Biomass Boiler. Molten salts have been preferred to thermal oil as they have no fire risks and low environmental impact and can be used as medium for a Two Tank TES with a “direct heating” scheme. The plant has been analysed using real input data from a Biomass Boiler installation, conversion efficiency and heat demand from the store. The model is informed by hourly energy costs and electricity feed in tariff in order to define optimal size and operation of the bottoming ORC for the specific case study of large commercial energy end user in the UK. The results show that the use of thermal storage in a Biomass-fired ORC plant can improve the Boiler efficiency and reduce the Biomass consumption in thermal-load following operating mode and increase the investment profitability.

  • Thermo-economic Assessment of an Externally Fired Hybrid CSP/Biomass Gas Turbine and Organic Rankine Combined Cycle
    Energy Procedia, 2017
    Co-Authors: Antonio Marco Pantaleo, Giacomo Scarascia Mugnozza, V Russo, Adio Miliozzi, Christos N Markides, Sergio Mario Camporeale, Nilay Shah
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper focuses on the thermo-economic analysis of a hybrid solar-Biomass CHP combined cycle composed by a 1.3-MW externally fired gas-turbine (EFGT) and a bottoming organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant. The primary thermal energy input is provided by a hybrid concentrating solar power (CSP) collector-array coupled to a Biomass Boiler. The CSP collector-array is based on parabolic-trough concentrators (PTCs) with molten salts as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) upstream of a fluidized-bed furnace for direct Biomass combustion. Thermal-energy storage (TES) with two molten-salt tanks (one cold and one hot) is considered, as a means to reducing the variations in the plant's operating conditions and increasing the plant's capacity factor. On the basis of the results of the thermodynamic simulations, upfront and operational costs assessments, and considering an Italian energy policy scenario, the global energy conversion efficiency and investment profitability are estimated for 2 different sizes of CSP arrays and Biomass furnaces. The results indicate the low economic profitability of CSP in comparison to only Biomass CHP, because of the high investment costs, which are not compensated by higher electricity sales revenues.

Chenggong Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • control of nox emissions of a domestic small scale Biomass pellet Boiler by air staging
    Fuel, 2013
    Co-Authors: Hao Liu, Joel Chaney, Chenggong Sun
    Abstract:

    Abstract The NOx emissions of a UK-manufactured domestic/small-scale 50 kWth underfeed stoker Biomass pellet Boiler were experimentally investigated under different air staging configurations including varying primary to secondary air ratios and different heights of the secondary air inlets above the fuel bed. Two different commercial Biomass pellet fuels, i.e. standard Class A wood pellets (fuel-N = 0.13 wt%) and clean waste wood pellets (fuel-N = 0.46 wt%), were used in these tests. The total excess air level of the Boiler was kept constant for all air staging configurations. The experimental results show that even with the domestic/small-scale Biomass Boiler, air staging can be effective and lead to considerable NOx reductions, particularly with Biomass fuels containing relatively high fuel-N. The height of the secondary air inlets above the bed was found to have important impacts on both NOx and CO emissions. However, the trade-off between NOx emissions and CO emissions needs to be carefully considered when air staging is used to control NOx emissions of domestic/small-scale Biomass Boilers.

Ingwald Obernberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • model based control of a small scale Biomass Boiler
    Control Engineering Practice, 2014
    Co-Authors: Markus Golles, Stefan Reiter, Thomas Brunner, Nicolaos Dourdoumas, Ingwald Obernberger
    Abstract:

    Abstract Because of increased efforts to reduce CO2 emissions a significant step in the development of small-scale (residential) Biomass Boilers for space heating has been achieved in recent years. Currently, the full potential for low-emission operation at high efficiencies, which is in principle possible due to optimized furnace geometries as well as combustion air staging strategies, cannot be exploited since there is still the need to enhance the controllers applied. For this reason, a model based control strategy for small-scale Biomass Boilers was developed and successfully implemented in a commercially available system. Thereby, appropriate mathematical models were developed for all relevant parts of the furnace and connected to an overall model subsequently used for the control unit design. The resulting controller is based on the input–output linearization and the state variables are estimated by an extended Kalman filter. Finally, the new control was implemented at a commercially available small-scale Biomass Boiler and the experimental verification showed a significant improvement of the operating behaviour in comparison to the conventional control.

Honghi Tran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • study of bed materials agglomeration in a heated bubbling fluidized bed bfb using silica sand as the bed material and koh to simulate molten ash
    Powder Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alejandro Montes, Honghi Tran, Ehsan Ghiasi, Chunbao Xu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Agglomeration of bed materials at high temperature is one of the most important and challenging problems for fluidized-bed Biomass Boilers for thermal/power generation. Inorganic alkali components from the fuel can be problematic as they form low-melting alkali compounds. In the present study, the critical amount of liquid (molten ash in real Biomass Boiler operations) that would result in severe bed agglomeration and defluidization was studied in a small pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) rig, operated at elevated temperatures (415–420 °C) using low melting-point salt (KOH) to simulate molten ash. In the BFB fluidization system tested, the critical liquid amount of simulate molten ash that could cause the bed materials start to form agglomeration/channeling, and form severe agglomeration/channeling (poor fluidization) is approx. 0.5 wt.% and 0.8 wt.% at a lower fluidizing gas velocity (3.9 U mf ) and a higher fluidizing gas velocity (5.9 U mf ), respectively. With more low-melting-point compound (KOH) present in the BFB, more agglomerates of bed material are formed. Increasing the amount of liquid could change the fluidization behavior of group B (bubbling) particles towards group A (Aerated) and even C (Cohesive) depending on the amount of the low-melting-point compound in the bed material.

  • effect of feedstock moisture content on Biomass Boiler operation
    October, 2015
    Co-Authors: Naz Orang, Honghi Tran
    Abstract:

    This work was conducted as part of the Increasing Energy and Chemical Recovery Efficiency in the Kraft Process—III research program, jointly supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and a consortium of the following companies: Andritz, AV Nackawic, Babcock & Wilcox, Boise, Carter Holt Harvey, Celulose Nipo-Brasileira, Clyde-Bergemann, DMI Peace River Pulp, Eldorado, ERCO Worldwide, Fibria, FP Innovations, International Paper, Irving Pulp & Paper, Kiln Flame Systems, Klabin, MeadWestvaco, StoraEnso Research, Suzano, Tembec, Tolko Industries, and Valmet.

  • study on the critical amount of liquid for bed material agglomeration in a bubbling fluidized bed
    Powder Technology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Alejandro Montes, Majid Hamidi, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti, Honghi Tran
    Abstract:

    Abstract Agglomeration of bed materials at a high temperature is one of the most important and challenging problems for fluidized-bed Biomass Boilers for thermal/power generation. Inorganic alkali compounds derived from the Biomass ash, mainly potassium (K) and sodium (Na) can be problematic as they form low-melting alkali compounds and may also react with the bed material (silica sand) forming low-melting alkali silicates. These low-melting alkali compounds, if surpassing a critical amount, could coat the sand particles to form agglomerates, eventually leading to partial or complete de-fluidization of the reactor. In the present study, the critical amount of liquid (molten ash in real Biomass Boiler operations) that would result in severe bed agglomeration and defluidization was studied a small pilot-scale cold bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) test rig filled with silica sand particles as bed materials equipped with non-invasive capacitance sensors and differential pressure transducers. In the cold BFB test rig, a solution of glycerol–water (30% v/v), employed to simulate molten ash in real Biomass Boiler operations, was injected to the bed at different quantities during the tests. It was found that in the present fluidization system the critical liquid amount causing bed agglomeration is likely 0.2 wt% (in relation to the weight of bed material loaded) and 0.7 wt% would cause severe channeling and de-fluidization conditions.

Burl Donaldson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Environmental performance assessment of utility Boiler energy conversion systems
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2016
    Co-Authors: Craig Gillum, Kevin Toupin, Young Ho Park, Burl Donaldson
    Abstract:

    Abstract A significant amount of global electric power generation is produced from the combustion of fossil fuels. Steam Boilers are one of the most important components for steam and electricity production. The objective of this paper is to establish a theoretical framework for the sustainability analysis of a utility Boiler. These analyses can be used by decision-makers to diagnose and optimize the sustainability of a utility Boiler. Seven utility Boiler systems are analyzed using energy and embodied solar energy (emergy) principles in order to evaluate their environmental efficiencies. They include a subcritical coal fired Boiler, a supercritical coal fired Boiler, an oil fired Boiler, a natural gas fired Boiler, a concentrating solar power Boiler utilizing a tower configuration, a Biomass Boiler, and a refuse derived fuel Boiler. Their relative environmental impacts were compared. The results show that the natural gas Boiler has significantly lower CO 2 emission than an equivalent coal or oil fired Boiler. The refuse derived fuel Boiler has about the same CO 2 emissions as the natural gas Boiler. The emergy sustainability index of a utility Boiler system is determined as the measure of its sustainability from an environmental perspective. Our analyses results indicate that the natural gas Boiler has a relatively high emergy sustainability index compared to other fossil fuel Boilers. Converting existing coal Boilers to natural gas Boilers is a feasible option to achieve better sustainability. The results also show that the Biomass Boiler has the best emergy sustainability index and it will remain a means to utilize the renewable energy within the Rankine steam cycle. Before solar Boiler technology can be widely used in the United States’ utility power industry, its capital cost and the O&M cost should be reduced. Using the results of this research, decision-makers can make better-informed, environmentally-efficient selections of future utility scale Boilers.

  • Biomass Boiler energy conversion system analysis with the aid of exergy based methods
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2015
    Co-Authors: Craig Gillum, Kevin Toupin, Burl Donaldson
    Abstract:

    Abstract The objective of this paper is to establish a theoretical framework for the exergy analysis and advanced exergy analysis of a real Biomass Boiler. These analyses can be used for both the diagnosis and optimization of a Biomass Boiler as well as for the design of a new Biomass Boiler. Conventional exergy analysis is performed to recognize the source(s) of inefficiency and irreversibility and identify exergy destruction in different components of the Biomass Boiler. An advanced exergy analysis is performed to provide comprehensive information about the avoidable exergy destruction and real fuel-saving potential for each component, as well as the overall system. Sensitivity studies of several design parameters including the excess air, Biomass moisture and steam parameters were evaluated. The results show that the maximum exergy destruction occurs in the combustion process, followed by the Water Walls (WW) & Radiant Superheater (RSH) and the Low Temperature Superheater (LTSH). The fuel-saving and exergy efficiency improvement strategies for different components are discussed in this paper.