The Experts below are selected from a list of 59379 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael J. Selig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High-Throughput Screening Techniques for Biomass Conversion
BioEnergy Research, 2009Co-Authors: Stephen R. Decker, Michael E. Himmel, Roman Brunecky, Melvin P. Tucker, Michael J. SeligAbstract:High-throughput (HTP) screening of Biomass or Biomass-degrading enzymes, regardless of the desired outcome, is fraught with obstacles and challenges not typically faced in more traditional biotechnology. The enzyme systems are complex and synergistic and the substrate is highly heterogeneous, insoluble, and difficult to dispense. Digestions are often carried out for days at temperatures of 50°C or higher, leading to significant challenges regarding evaporation control in small well volumes. Furthermore, it is often desirable to condition or “pretreat” the Biomass at extreme temperatures and/or pH to enhance enzyme digestibility. Once the substrate has been saccharified, evaluation of the extent and efficiency of Conversion is made more difficult by time-consuming and tedious techniques used to measure the sugar products. Over the past decade or so, Biomass researchers have creatively addressed these challenges by developing techniques to reduce Biomass heterogeneity, uniformly distribute Biomass samples at the small scale, pretreat the Biomass at the small scale, quantitatively load these samples with enzymes, control evaporation of small reaction volumes for multiday incubations, and rapidly quantify the products. Other aspects of these measurements remain problematic and are being addressed. This review will address some of these challenges in detail, but more importantly, we will endeavor to educate the reader about the trials, tribulations, and pitfalls of carrying out HTP screening in Biomass Conversion research.
Van G. Rossum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High-Throughput Screening Technique for Biomass Conversion in Hot Compressed Water
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012Co-Authors: P. Nanou, Van W.p.m. Swaaij, Sascha R.a. Kersten, Van G. RossumAbstract:The study presented is a follow-up work regarding the quartz capillary technique which was developed in our research group for performing screening tests of different Biomass Conversion routes. The aspects examined are flushing of the capillary with an inert gas, diffusion of gases through the quartz reactor wall and the catalytic activity of this wall. It was shown that hydrogen diffuses through the quartz reactor wall, which shows slight catalytic activity. This has, however, a negligible effect on previously obtained results for reactions at 250–800 °C up to 60 min reaction time. Flushing of the capillary microreactor with N2 prior to sealing and reaction is essential, especially for low organics concentrations, to avoid partial product combustion by atmospheric O2 in the capillary.
Stephen R. Decker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High-Throughput Screening Techniques for Biomass Conversion
BioEnergy Research, 2009Co-Authors: Stephen R. Decker, Michael E. Himmel, Roman Brunecky, Melvin P. Tucker, Michael J. SeligAbstract:High-throughput (HTP) screening of Biomass or Biomass-degrading enzymes, regardless of the desired outcome, is fraught with obstacles and challenges not typically faced in more traditional biotechnology. The enzyme systems are complex and synergistic and the substrate is highly heterogeneous, insoluble, and difficult to dispense. Digestions are often carried out for days at temperatures of 50°C or higher, leading to significant challenges regarding evaporation control in small well volumes. Furthermore, it is often desirable to condition or “pretreat” the Biomass at extreme temperatures and/or pH to enhance enzyme digestibility. Once the substrate has been saccharified, evaluation of the extent and efficiency of Conversion is made more difficult by time-consuming and tedious techniques used to measure the sugar products. Over the past decade or so, Biomass researchers have creatively addressed these challenges by developing techniques to reduce Biomass heterogeneity, uniformly distribute Biomass samples at the small scale, pretreat the Biomass at the small scale, quantitatively load these samples with enzymes, control evaporation of small reaction volumes for multiday incubations, and rapidly quantify the products. Other aspects of these measurements remain problematic and are being addressed. This review will address some of these challenges in detail, but more importantly, we will endeavor to educate the reader about the trials, tribulations, and pitfalls of carrying out HTP screening in Biomass Conversion research.
Arthur J. Ragauskas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The critical role of lignin in lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion and recent pretreatment strategies: A comprehensive review.
Bioresource technology, 2020Co-Authors: Chang Geun Yoo, Xianzhi Meng, Arthur J. RagauskasAbstract:Abstract Heterogeneity and rigidity of lignocellulose causing resistance to its deconstruction have provided technical and economic challenges in the current Biomass Conversion processes. Lignin has been considered as a crucial recalcitrance component in Biomass utilization. An in-depth understanding of lignin properties and their influences on Biomass Conversion can provide clues to improve Biomass utilization. Also, utilization of lignin can significantly increase the economic viability of biorefinery. Recent lignin-targeting pretreatments have aimed not only to overcome recalcitrance for Biomass Conversion but also to selectively fractionate lignin for lignin valorization. Numerous studies have been conducted in Biomass characteristics and Conversion technologies, and the role of lignin is critical for lignin valorization and Biomass pretreatment development. This review provides a comprehensive review of lignin-related Biomass characteristics, the impact of lignin on the biological Conversion of Biomass, and recent lignin-targeting pretreatment strategies. The desired lignin properties in biorefinery and future pretreatment directions are also discussed.
Don J. Stevens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biomass Conversion: An overview of the IEA bioenergy agreement task VII
Biomass and Bioenergy, 1992Co-Authors: Don J. StevensAbstract:Abstract Extensive research and development activities have been conducted in the area of Biomass Conversion over the past several years. Task VII of the International Energy Agency's Bioenergy Agreement provided a means to coordinate the ongoing national programs of fourteen participating countries during the period from 1989 through 1991. This paper provides an overview of the state of the technology development for Biomass Conversion and summarizes the progress of the IEA program.