The Experts below are selected from a list of 269052 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nancy Klein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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outcomes in young adulthood for very low Birth Weight infants
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2002Co-Authors: Maureen Hack, Daniel J Flannery, Mark D Schluchter, Lydia Cartar, Elaine A Borawski, Nancy KleinAbstract:Background Very-low-Birth-Weight infants (those weighing less than 1500 g) born during the initial years of neonatal intensive care have now reached young adulthood. Methods We compared a cohort of 242 survivors among very-low-Birth-Weight infants born between 1977 and 1979 (mean Birth Weight, 1179 g; mean gestational age at Birth, 29.7 weeks) with 233 controls from the same population in Cleveland who had normal Birth Weights. We assessed the level of education, cognitive and academic achievement, and rates of chronic illness and risk-taking behavior at 20 years of age. Outcomes were adjusted for sex and sociodemographic status. Results Fewer very-low-Birth-Weight young adults than normal-Birth-Weight young adults had graduated from high school (74 percent vs. 83 percent, P=0.04). Very-low-Birth-Weight men, but not women, were significantly less likely than normal-Birth-Weight controls to be enrolled in postsecondary study (30 percent vs. 53 percent, P=0.002). Very-low-Birth-Weight participants had a low...
Stephen T Higgins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maternal smoking and its association with Birth Weight
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2005Co-Authors: Ira M Bernstein, Joan A Mongeon, Gary J Badger, Laura J Solomon, Sarah H Heil, Stephen T HigginsAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Maternal smoking has been associated with a reduction in newborn Birth Weight. We sought to estimate how the pattern of maternal smoking throughout pregnancy influences newborn size. METHODS: One hundred sixty pregnant smoking women were enrolled in a prospective study. We collected data on maternal age, education, prepregnancy body mass index, and parity, as well as alcohol and illicit drug use. Cigarette use was defined as self-reported consumption before pregnancy, at the time of study enrollment, and in the third trimester. Statistical analyses were performed based on bivariate correlations and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Of the smoking parameters examined, maternal third-trimester cigarette consumption was the strongest predictor of Birth Weight percentile (partial r –0.23, P < .001). For each additional cigarette per day that a participant smoked in the third trimester, there was an estimated 27 g reduction in Birth Weight. Prepregnancy smoking volume was not significantly associated with Birth Weight percentile in bivariate (r –0.06, P .47) or multivariable analyses. Additional factors contributing to Birth Weight include gestational age (partial r 0.69, P < .001), maternal body mass index (partial r 0.23, P < .001), and parity (partial r 0.16, P < .004). In total, these 4 variables explain 61% of the variance in newborn Birth Weight. CONCLUSION: Maternal third-trimester cigarette consumption is a strong and independent predictor of Birth Weight percentile. This supports the hypothesis that reductions in maternal cigarette consumption during pregnancy will result in improved Birth Weight, regardless of the prepregnancy consumption levels.
Maureen Hack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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outcomes in young adulthood for very low Birth Weight infants
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2002Co-Authors: Maureen Hack, Daniel J Flannery, Mark D Schluchter, Lydia Cartar, Elaine A Borawski, Nancy KleinAbstract:Background Very-low-Birth-Weight infants (those weighing less than 1500 g) born during the initial years of neonatal intensive care have now reached young adulthood. Methods We compared a cohort of 242 survivors among very-low-Birth-Weight infants born between 1977 and 1979 (mean Birth Weight, 1179 g; mean gestational age at Birth, 29.7 weeks) with 233 controls from the same population in Cleveland who had normal Birth Weights. We assessed the level of education, cognitive and academic achievement, and rates of chronic illness and risk-taking behavior at 20 years of age. Outcomes were adjusted for sex and sociodemographic status. Results Fewer very-low-Birth-Weight young adults than normal-Birth-Weight young adults had graduated from high school (74 percent vs. 83 percent, P=0.04). Very-low-Birth-Weight men, but not women, were significantly less likely than normal-Birth-Weight controls to be enrolled in postsecondary study (30 percent vs. 53 percent, P=0.002). Very-low-Birth-Weight participants had a low...
Patricia Y Miranda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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breastfeeding trends among very low Birth Weight low Birth Weight and normal Birth Weight infants
The Journal of Pediatrics, 2018Co-Authors: Angela G Campbell, Patricia Y MirandaAbstract:Objective To examine the change in breastfeeding behaviors over time, among low Birth Weight (LBW), very low Birth Weight (VLBW), and normal Birth Weight (NBW) infants using nationally representative US data. Study design Univariate statistics and bivariate logistic models were examined using the Early Child Longitudinal Study—Birth Cohort (2001) and National Study of Children's Health (2007 and 2011/2012). Results Breastfeeding behaviors improved for infants of all Birth Weights from 2007 to 2011/2012. In 2011/2012, a higher percentage of VLBW infants were ever breastfed compared with LBW and NBW infants. In 2011/2012, LBW infants had a 28% lower odds (95% CI, 0.57-0.92) of ever breastfeeding and a 52% lower odds (95% CI, 0.38-0.61) of breastfeeding for ≥6 months compared with NBW infants. Among black infants, a larger percentage of VLBW infants were breastfed for ≥6 months (26.2%) compared with LBW infants (14.9%). Conclusions Breastfeeding rates for VLBW and NBW infants have improved over time. Both VLBW and NBW infants are close to meeting the Healthy People 2020 ever breastfeeding goal of 81.9%. LBW infants are farther from this goal than VLBW infants. The results suggest a need for policies that encourage breastfeeding specifically among LBW infants.
Miguel A Hernan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Birth Weight "paradox" uncovered?
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2006Co-Authors: Sonia Hernandez-diaz, Enrique F Schisterman, Miguel A HernanAbstract:Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants have lower infant mortality in groups in which LBW is most frequent. For example, in 1991, US infants born to smokers had higher risks of both LBW and infant mortality than infants born to nonsmokers. However, among LBW infants, infant mortality was lower for infants born to smokers (relative rate = 0.79). There are competing theories regarding this so-called "paradox." One is that maternal smoking is beneficial for LBW infants. The authors use causal diagrams to show that, even in the absence of any beneficial effect of smoking, an inverse association due to stratification on Birth Weight can be found. This variable is affected by the exposure of interest and shares common causes with the outcome. That is, LBW infants born to smokers may have a lower risk of mortality than other LBW infants whose LBW is due to causes associated with high mortality (e.g., Birth defects). Under realistic causal diagrams, adjustment for Birth Weight is unwarranted when the analytical goal is to estimate overall effects of prenatal variables on infant mortality. Even for estimating direct effects of prenatal variables, adjustment for Birth Weight may be invalid when there is an unmeasured common cause of LBW and mortality. An appropriate justification for conditioning on Birth Weight requires specifying 1) the causal question motivating this analytical approach and 2) the assumptions regarding the proposed underlying biologic mechanisms.
