The Experts below are selected from a list of 84297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Zhiyuan Cong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of Black Carbon in snow from laohugou no 12 glacier on the northern tibetan plateau
Science of The Total Environment, 2017Co-Authors: Yulan Zhang, Shichang Kang, Zhiyuan Cong, Tanguang Gao, Michael Sprenger, Yajun Liu, Junming Guo, Mika Sillanpaa, Kun Wang, Jizu ChenAbstract:Black Carbon (BC) emitted from the incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuel impacts the climate system, cryospheric change, and human health. This study documents Black Carbon deposition in snow from a benchmark glacier on the northern Tibetan Plateau. Significant seasonality of BC concentrations indicates different input or post-depositional processes. BC particles deposited in snow had a mass volume median diameter slightly larger than that of Black Carbon particles typically found in the atmosphere. Also, unlike Black Carbon particles in the atmosphere, the particles deposited in snow did not exhibit highly fractal morphology by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. Footprint analysis indicated BC deposited on the glacier in summer originated mainly from Central Asia; in winter, the depositing air masses generally originated from Central Asia and Pakistan. Anthropogenic emissions play an important role on Black Carbon deposition in glacial snow, especially in winter. The mass absorption efficiency of BC in snow at 632nm exhibited significantly seasonality, with higher values in summer and lower values in winter. The information on Black Carbon deposition in glacial snow provided in this study could be used to help mitigate the impacts of BC on glacier melting on the northern Tibetan Plateau.
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sources of Black Carbon to the himalayan tibetan plateau glaciers
Nature Communications, 2016Co-Authors: Carme Bosch, Shichang Kang, August Andersson, Pengfei Chen, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Bing Chen, Dahe QinAbstract:Black Carbon accelerates melting of glaciers in the Himalayas and Tibet, yet the source of these aerosols remains enigmatic. Here, the authors use isotope fingerprinting techniques to determine the origin of Black Carbon preserved in glacier ice cores recovered from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau.
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sources of Black Carbon to the himalayan tibetan plateau glaciers
Nature Communications, 2016Co-Authors: Carme Bosch, Shichang Kang, August Andersson, Pengfei Chen, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Bing Chen, Dahe QinAbstract:Combustion-derived Black Carbon (BC) aerosols accelerate glacier melting in the Himalayas and in Tibet (the Third Pole (TP)), thereby limiting the sustainable freshwater supplies for billions of people. However, the sources of BC reaching the TP remain uncertain, hindering both process understanding and efficient mitigation. Here we present the source-diagnostic Δ14C/δ13C compositions of BC isolated from aerosol and snowpit samples in the TP. For the Himalayas, we found equal contributions from fossil fuel (46±11%) and biomass (54±11%) combustion, consistent with BC source fingerprints from the Indo-Gangetic Plain, whereas BC in the remote northern TP predominantly derives from fossil fuel combustion (66±16%), consistent with Chinese sources. The fossil fuel contributions to BC in the snowpits of the inner TP are lower (30±10%), implying contributions from internal Tibetan sources (for example, yak dung combustion). Constraints on BC sources facilitate improved modelling of climatic patterns, hydrological effects and provide guidance for effective mitigation actions. Black Carbon accelerates melting of glaciers in the Himalayas and Tibet, yet the source of these aerosols remains enigmatic. Here, the authors use isotope fingerprinting techniques to determine the origin of Black Carbon preserved in glacier ice cores recovered from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau.
Qianggong Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from central asian glaciers by anthropogenic Black Carbon
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Julia Schmale, M G Flanner, Shichang Kang, Qianggong Zhang, Michael Sprenger, Junming Guo, Margit Schwikowski, Daniel FarinottiAbstract:Deposited mineral dust and Black Carbon are known to reduce the albedo of snow and enhance melt. Here we estimate the contribution of anthropogenic Black Carbon (BC) to snowmelt in glacier accumulation zones of Central Asia based on in-situ measurements and modelling. Source apportionment suggests that more than 94% of the BC is emitted from mostly regional anthropogenic sources while the remaining contribution comes from natural biomass burning. Even though the annual deposition flux of mineral dust can be up to 20 times higher than that of BC, we find that anthropogenic BC causes the majority (60% on average) of snow darkening. This leads to summer snowmelt rate increases of up to 6.3% (7 cm a-1) on glaciers in three different mountain environments in Kyrgyzstan, based on albedo reduction and snowmelt models.
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sources of Black Carbon to the himalayan tibetan plateau glaciers
Nature Communications, 2016Co-Authors: Carme Bosch, Shichang Kang, August Andersson, Pengfei Chen, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Bing Chen, Dahe QinAbstract:Black Carbon accelerates melting of glaciers in the Himalayas and Tibet, yet the source of these aerosols remains enigmatic. Here, the authors use isotope fingerprinting techniques to determine the origin of Black Carbon preserved in glacier ice cores recovered from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau.
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sources of Black Carbon to the himalayan tibetan plateau glaciers
Nature Communications, 2016Co-Authors: Carme Bosch, Shichang Kang, August Andersson, Pengfei Chen, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Bing Chen, Dahe QinAbstract:Combustion-derived Black Carbon (BC) aerosols accelerate glacier melting in the Himalayas and in Tibet (the Third Pole (TP)), thereby limiting the sustainable freshwater supplies for billions of people. However, the sources of BC reaching the TP remain uncertain, hindering both process understanding and efficient mitigation. Here we present the source-diagnostic Δ14C/δ13C compositions of BC isolated from aerosol and snowpit samples in the TP. For the Himalayas, we found equal contributions from fossil fuel (46±11%) and biomass (54±11%) combustion, consistent with BC source fingerprints from the Indo-Gangetic Plain, whereas BC in the remote northern TP predominantly derives from fossil fuel combustion (66±16%), consistent with Chinese sources. The fossil fuel contributions to BC in the snowpits of the inner TP are lower (30±10%), implying contributions from internal Tibetan sources (for example, yak dung combustion). Constraints on BC sources facilitate improved modelling of climatic patterns, hydrological effects and provide guidance for effective mitigation actions. Black Carbon accelerates melting of glaciers in the Himalayas and Tibet, yet the source of these aerosols remains enigmatic. Here, the authors use isotope fingerprinting techniques to determine the origin of Black Carbon preserved in glacier ice cores recovered from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau.
Dahe Qin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sources of Black Carbon to the himalayan tibetan plateau glaciers
Nature Communications, 2016Co-Authors: Carme Bosch, Shichang Kang, August Andersson, Pengfei Chen, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Bing Chen, Dahe QinAbstract:Black Carbon accelerates melting of glaciers in the Himalayas and Tibet, yet the source of these aerosols remains enigmatic. Here, the authors use isotope fingerprinting techniques to determine the origin of Black Carbon preserved in glacier ice cores recovered from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau.
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sources of Black Carbon to the himalayan tibetan plateau glaciers
Nature Communications, 2016Co-Authors: Carme Bosch, Shichang Kang, August Andersson, Pengfei Chen, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Bing Chen, Dahe QinAbstract:Combustion-derived Black Carbon (BC) aerosols accelerate glacier melting in the Himalayas and in Tibet (the Third Pole (TP)), thereby limiting the sustainable freshwater supplies for billions of people. However, the sources of BC reaching the TP remain uncertain, hindering both process understanding and efficient mitigation. Here we present the source-diagnostic Δ14C/δ13C compositions of BC isolated from aerosol and snowpit samples in the TP. For the Himalayas, we found equal contributions from fossil fuel (46±11%) and biomass (54±11%) combustion, consistent with BC source fingerprints from the Indo-Gangetic Plain, whereas BC in the remote northern TP predominantly derives from fossil fuel combustion (66±16%), consistent with Chinese sources. The fossil fuel contributions to BC in the snowpits of the inner TP are lower (30±10%), implying contributions from internal Tibetan sources (for example, yak dung combustion). Constraints on BC sources facilitate improved modelling of climatic patterns, hydrological effects and provide guidance for effective mitigation actions. Black Carbon accelerates melting of glaciers in the Himalayas and Tibet, yet the source of these aerosols remains enigmatic. Here, the authors use isotope fingerprinting techniques to determine the origin of Black Carbon preserved in glacier ice cores recovered from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau.
Shichang Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of Black Carbon in snow from laohugou no 12 glacier on the northern tibetan plateau
Science of The Total Environment, 2017Co-Authors: Yulan Zhang, Shichang Kang, Zhiyuan Cong, Tanguang Gao, Michael Sprenger, Yajun Liu, Junming Guo, Mika Sillanpaa, Kun Wang, Jizu ChenAbstract:Black Carbon (BC) emitted from the incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuel impacts the climate system, cryospheric change, and human health. This study documents Black Carbon deposition in snow from a benchmark glacier on the northern Tibetan Plateau. Significant seasonality of BC concentrations indicates different input or post-depositional processes. BC particles deposited in snow had a mass volume median diameter slightly larger than that of Black Carbon particles typically found in the atmosphere. Also, unlike Black Carbon particles in the atmosphere, the particles deposited in snow did not exhibit highly fractal morphology by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. Footprint analysis indicated BC deposited on the glacier in summer originated mainly from Central Asia; in winter, the depositing air masses generally originated from Central Asia and Pakistan. Anthropogenic emissions play an important role on Black Carbon deposition in glacial snow, especially in winter. The mass absorption efficiency of BC in snow at 632nm exhibited significantly seasonality, with higher values in summer and lower values in winter. The information on Black Carbon deposition in glacial snow provided in this study could be used to help mitigate the impacts of BC on glacier melting on the northern Tibetan Plateau.
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modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from central asian glaciers by anthropogenic Black Carbon
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Julia Schmale, M G Flanner, Shichang Kang, Qianggong Zhang, Michael Sprenger, Junming Guo, Margit Schwikowski, Daniel FarinottiAbstract:Deposited mineral dust and Black Carbon are known to reduce the albedo of snow and enhance melt. Here we estimate the contribution of anthropogenic Black Carbon (BC) to snowmelt in glacier accumulation zones of Central Asia based on in-situ measurements and modelling. Source apportionment suggests that more than 94% of the BC is emitted from mostly regional anthropogenic sources while the remaining contribution comes from natural biomass burning. Even though the annual deposition flux of mineral dust can be up to 20 times higher than that of BC, we find that anthropogenic BC causes the majority (60% on average) of snow darkening. This leads to summer snowmelt rate increases of up to 6.3% (7 cm a-1) on glaciers in three different mountain environments in Kyrgyzstan, based on albedo reduction and snowmelt models.
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sources of Black Carbon to the himalayan tibetan plateau glaciers
Nature Communications, 2016Co-Authors: Carme Bosch, Shichang Kang, August Andersson, Pengfei Chen, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Bing Chen, Dahe QinAbstract:Black Carbon accelerates melting of glaciers in the Himalayas and Tibet, yet the source of these aerosols remains enigmatic. Here, the authors use isotope fingerprinting techniques to determine the origin of Black Carbon preserved in glacier ice cores recovered from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau.
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sources of Black Carbon to the himalayan tibetan plateau glaciers
Nature Communications, 2016Co-Authors: Carme Bosch, Shichang Kang, August Andersson, Pengfei Chen, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Bing Chen, Dahe QinAbstract:Combustion-derived Black Carbon (BC) aerosols accelerate glacier melting in the Himalayas and in Tibet (the Third Pole (TP)), thereby limiting the sustainable freshwater supplies for billions of people. However, the sources of BC reaching the TP remain uncertain, hindering both process understanding and efficient mitigation. Here we present the source-diagnostic Δ14C/δ13C compositions of BC isolated from aerosol and snowpit samples in the TP. For the Himalayas, we found equal contributions from fossil fuel (46±11%) and biomass (54±11%) combustion, consistent with BC source fingerprints from the Indo-Gangetic Plain, whereas BC in the remote northern TP predominantly derives from fossil fuel combustion (66±16%), consistent with Chinese sources. The fossil fuel contributions to BC in the snowpits of the inner TP are lower (30±10%), implying contributions from internal Tibetan sources (for example, yak dung combustion). Constraints on BC sources facilitate improved modelling of climatic patterns, hydrological effects and provide guidance for effective mitigation actions. Black Carbon accelerates melting of glaciers in the Himalayas and Tibet, yet the source of these aerosols remains enigmatic. Here, the authors use isotope fingerprinting techniques to determine the origin of Black Carbon preserved in glacier ice cores recovered from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau.
Evi Dons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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personal exposure to Black Carbon in transport microenvironments
Atmospheric Environment, 2012Co-Authors: Evi Dons, Luc Int Panis, Martine Van Poppel, Jan Theunis, Geert WetsAbstract:Abstract We evaluated personal exposure of 62 individuals to the air pollutant Black Carbon, using 13 portable aethalometers while keeping detailed records of their time-activity pattern and whereabouts. Concentrations encountered in transport are studied in depth and related to trip motives. The evaluation comprises more than 1500 trips with different transport modes. Measurements were spread over two seasons. Results show that 6% of the time is spent in transport, but it accounts for 21% of personal exposure to Black Carbon and approximately 30% of inhaled dose. Concentrations in transport were 2–5 times higher compared to concentrations encountered at home. Exposure was highest for car drivers, and car and bus passengers. Concentrations of Black Carbon were only half as much when traveling by bike or on foot; when incorporating breathing rates, dose was found to be twice as high for active modes. Lowest ‘in transport’ concentrations were measured in trains, but nevertheless these concentrations are double the concentrations measured at home. Two thirds of the trips are car trips, and those trips showed a large spread in concentrations. In-car concentrations are higher during peak hours compared to off-peak, and are elevated on weekdays compared to Saturdays and even more so on Sundays. These findings result in significantly higher exposure during car commute trips (motive ‘Work’), and lower concentrations for trips with motive ‘Social and leisure’. Because of the many factors influencing exposure in transport, travel time is not a good predictor of integrated personal exposure or inhaled dose.
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impact of time activity patterns on personal exposure to Black Carbon
Atmospheric Environment, 2011Co-Authors: Evi Dons, Luc Int Panis, Martine Van Poppel, Jan Theunis, Hanny Willems, Rudi Torfs, Geert WetsAbstract:Abstract Time–activity patterns are an important determinant of personal exposure to air pollution. This is demonstrated by measuring personal exposure of 16 participants for 7 consecutive days: 8 couples of which one person was a full-time worker and the other was a homemaker; both had a very different time–activity pattern. We used portable aethalometers to measure Black Carbon levels with a high temporal resolution and a PDA with GPS-logger and electronic diary. The exposure to Black Carbon differs between partners by up to 30%, although they live at the same location. The activity contributing most to this difference is transport: Average exposure in transport is 6445 ng m −3 , followed by exposure during shopping (2584 ng m −3 ). Average exposure is lowest while sleeping (1153 ng m −3 ) and when doing home-based activities (1223 ng m −3 ). Full-time workers spend almost twice as much time in transport as the homemakers. As a result of the study design we measured in several different homes, shops, cars, etc. enabling a better insight in true overall exposure in those microenvironments. Other factors influencing personal exposure are: background concentrations and location of residence in an urban, suburban or rural environment.
