The Experts below are selected from a list of 13239 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Xiao Ning - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Strategy for Use of Rice Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Molecular Breeding
Rice Science, 2020Co-Authors: Xiao Ning, Wu Yunyu, Li AihongAbstract:Abstract Rice Blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide. The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control Blast. In this review, we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice Blast Resistance genes, such as Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi54, Pigm and Piz-t. We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice Blast Resistance are: availability of few R (Resistance) genes that confer Resistance to both seedling and panicle Blast, the Resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of Resistance spectrum, and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding. Therefore, novel utilization strategies for rice Blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed, such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties, creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits, screening and utilizing broad- spectrum and durable Resistance gene combinations. Lastly, the trends and possible development direction of Blast Resistance improvement were also discussed, including new genes regulating Resistance identified via GWAS (genome-wide association study) and improving rice Blast Resistance using genetic editing.
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Improvement of seedling and panicle Blast Resistance in Xian rice varieties following Pish introgression
Molecular Breeding, 2018Co-Authors: Xiao Ning, Wu Yunyu, Wang Zhiping, Pan Cunhong, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Liu Guangqing, Zhou Changhai, Ji HongjuanAbstract:Rice Blast is a serious disease caused by the filamentous ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Incorporating disease Resistance genes in rice varieties and characterizing the distribution of M. oryzae isolates form the foundation for enhancing rice Blast Resistance. In this study, the Blast Resistance gene Pish was observed to be differentially distributed in the genomes of rice sub-species. Specifically, Pish was present in 80.5% of Geng varieties, but in only 2.3% of Xian varieties. Moreover, Pish conferred Resistance against only 23.5% of the M. oryzae isolates from the Geng-planting regions, but against up to 63.2% of the isolates from the Xian-planting regions. Thus, Pish may be an elite Resistance gene for improving rice Blast Resistance in Xian varieties. Therefore, near-isogenic lines (NILs) with Pish and the polygene pyramid lines (PPLs) PPLPish/Pi1, PPLPish/Pi54, and PPLPish/Pi33 in the Xian background Yangdao 6 were generated using a molecular marker-assisted selection method. The results suggested that (1) Pish significantly improved rice Blast Resistance in Xian varieties, which exhibited considerably improved seedling and panicle Blast Resistance after Pish was introduced; (2) PPLs with Pish were more effective than the NILs with Pish regarding seedling and panicle Blast Resistance; (3) the PPL seedling and panicle Blast Resistance was improved by the complementary and overlapping effects of different Resistance genes; and (4) the stability of NIL and PPL Resistance varied under different environmental conditions, with only PPLPish/Pi54 exhibiting highly stable Resistance in three natural disease nurseries (Jianyang, Jinggangshan, and Huangshan). This study provides new Blast Resistance germplasm resources and describes a novel molecular strategy for enhancing rice Blast Resistance.
Jianxun Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Internal Blast Resistance of sandwich cylinder with lattice cores
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2021Co-Authors: Qing-hua Qin, Jianxun ZhangAbstract:Abstract This work focuses on investigation of the internal Blast Resistance of metal sandwich cylinder with lattice cores. Six types of the geometries designed by the square, hexagonal, semi-re-entrant, re-entrant, sinusoidal and Kagome honeycombs are selected as the cores of sandwich cylinders. Effects of core geometry, core arrangement, core wall thickness, shell mass distribution and cover on Blast Resistance of sandwich cylinders are explored and identified. Results reveal that both the core geometry and arrangement have significant effects on the Blast Resistance and deformation mechanism of sandwich cylinders. Thick core wall decreases the energy absorption efficiency of lattice cores. The asymmetrical design of the inner and outer shells enhances the internal Blast Resistance of the sandwich cylinders. The covers added on the sandwich cylinder result in increasing the deformation degree and energy absorption of sandwich cylinders with various lattice cores.
Li Aihong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Strategy for Use of Rice Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Molecular Breeding
Rice Science, 2020Co-Authors: Xiao Ning, Wu Yunyu, Li AihongAbstract:Abstract Rice Blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide. The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control Blast. In this review, we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice Blast Resistance genes, such as Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi54, Pigm and Piz-t. We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice Blast Resistance are: availability of few R (Resistance) genes that confer Resistance to both seedling and panicle Blast, the Resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of Resistance spectrum, and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding. Therefore, novel utilization strategies for rice Blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed, such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties, creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits, screening and utilizing broad- spectrum and durable Resistance gene combinations. Lastly, the trends and possible development direction of Blast Resistance improvement were also discussed, including new genes regulating Resistance identified via GWAS (genome-wide association study) and improving rice Blast Resistance using genetic editing.
Hongsheng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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QTL mapping of panicle Blast Resistance in japonica landrace heikezijing and its application in rice breeding
Molecular Breeding, 2016Co-Authors: Nengyan Fang, Ji Huang, Yong-mei Bao, Ruisen Wang, Congfei Yin, Changhong Guan, Hao Chen, Jianfei Wang, Hongsheng ZhangAbstract:The rice Blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, and the panicle Blast could result in more loss of yield in rice production. However, the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes related to panicle-Blast Resistance have not been well studied due to the time-consuming screening methodology involved and variation in symptoms. The QTLs for panicle Blast Resistance have been mapped in a population of 162 RILs (recombination inbreeding lines), derived from a cross between a highly Blast-resistant rice landrace, Heikezijing, and a susceptible variety, Suyunuo. Two QTLs for panicle-Blast Resistance, qPbh-11–1 and qPbh-7-1, were identified, which were distributed on chromosomes 11 and 7. The QTL qPbh-11–1 was stably detected in three independent experiments, at Nanjing in 2013 and 2014 and at Hainan in 2014, located between the region of RM27187 and RM27381 on the distal end of chromosome 11 far from the reported resistant loci Pb1 and qPbm11 for panicle Blast. The QTL qPbh-7-1 was detected only at Nanjing in 2013 and located between the region of M18 and RM3555 on chromosome 7. With marker-assisted selection (MAS) three introgression lines with the major panicle Blast-Resistance QTL qPbh-11–1 were developed from a recurrent parent Nanjing 44 (NJ44) and the panicle Resistance of introgression lines was improved 46.36–55.47 % more than NJ44. Based on the results provided, Heikezijing appears to be a valuable source for panicle Blast Resistance.
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Population structure analysis and association mapping of Blast Resistance in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces.
Genetics and molecular research : GMR, 2016Co-Authors: Nengyan Fang, Ji Huang, Yong-mei Bao, Hongsheng ZhangAbstract:Rice Blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide. To understand the genetic diversity of indica landrace accessions and identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that are associated with Blast Resistance, a population of 276 indica landraces from across the world was constructed. This population was then used to evaluate the Blast-Resistance phenotype through artificial inoculation under controlled conditions in 2012 and 2013. The genetic diversity and association of the population with Resistance were analyzed by examining the phenotype for 160 SSR markers distributed on 12 rice chromosomes. The 276 accessions were classified into seven groups using model- and distance-based cluster analyses. Associations between SSR markers and Blast Resistance showed that 26 SSR markers were significantly associated with Blast Resistance in 2012 and 2013 (P < 0.01) and that the phenotypic variation ranged from 2.68 to 13.11%. Nineteen of the markers associated with Blast Resistance were located in regions where genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been previously reported, and seven were newly identified in this study. These results indicate that marker-trait association has potential advantages over classical linkage analysis and QTL mapping, and that these markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in rice Blast-Resistance-breeding programs.
Wu Yunyu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Strategy for Use of Rice Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Molecular Breeding
Rice Science, 2020Co-Authors: Xiao Ning, Wu Yunyu, Li AihongAbstract:Abstract Rice Blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide. The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control Blast. In this review, we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice Blast Resistance genes, such as Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi54, Pigm and Piz-t. We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice Blast Resistance are: availability of few R (Resistance) genes that confer Resistance to both seedling and panicle Blast, the Resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of Resistance spectrum, and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding. Therefore, novel utilization strategies for rice Blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed, such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties, creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits, screening and utilizing broad- spectrum and durable Resistance gene combinations. Lastly, the trends and possible development direction of Blast Resistance improvement were also discussed, including new genes regulating Resistance identified via GWAS (genome-wide association study) and improving rice Blast Resistance using genetic editing.
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Improvement of seedling and panicle Blast Resistance in Xian rice varieties following Pish introgression
Molecular Breeding, 2018Co-Authors: Xiao Ning, Wu Yunyu, Wang Zhiping, Pan Cunhong, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Liu Guangqing, Zhou Changhai, Ji HongjuanAbstract:Rice Blast is a serious disease caused by the filamentous ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Incorporating disease Resistance genes in rice varieties and characterizing the distribution of M. oryzae isolates form the foundation for enhancing rice Blast Resistance. In this study, the Blast Resistance gene Pish was observed to be differentially distributed in the genomes of rice sub-species. Specifically, Pish was present in 80.5% of Geng varieties, but in only 2.3% of Xian varieties. Moreover, Pish conferred Resistance against only 23.5% of the M. oryzae isolates from the Geng-planting regions, but against up to 63.2% of the isolates from the Xian-planting regions. Thus, Pish may be an elite Resistance gene for improving rice Blast Resistance in Xian varieties. Therefore, near-isogenic lines (NILs) with Pish and the polygene pyramid lines (PPLs) PPLPish/Pi1, PPLPish/Pi54, and PPLPish/Pi33 in the Xian background Yangdao 6 were generated using a molecular marker-assisted selection method. The results suggested that (1) Pish significantly improved rice Blast Resistance in Xian varieties, which exhibited considerably improved seedling and panicle Blast Resistance after Pish was introduced; (2) PPLs with Pish were more effective than the NILs with Pish regarding seedling and panicle Blast Resistance; (3) the PPL seedling and panicle Blast Resistance was improved by the complementary and overlapping effects of different Resistance genes; and (4) the stability of NIL and PPL Resistance varied under different environmental conditions, with only PPLPish/Pi54 exhibiting highly stable Resistance in three natural disease nurseries (Jianyang, Jinggangshan, and Huangshan). This study provides new Blast Resistance germplasm resources and describes a novel molecular strategy for enhancing rice Blast Resistance.