The Experts below are selected from a list of 132 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Simon Van Noort - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • laying the foundations for a new classification of agaonidae hymenoptera chalcidoidea a multilocus phylogenetic approach
    Cladistics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Astrid Cruaud, Finn Kjellberg, Roula Jabbourzahab, Gwenaelle Genson, Corinne Cruaud, Arnaud Couloux, Simon Van Noort
    Abstract:

    A phylogeny of the Agaonidae (Chalcidoidea) in their restricted sense, pollinators of Ficus species (Moraceae), is estimated using 4182 nucleotides from six genes, obtained from 101 species representing 19 of the 20 recognized genera, and four outgroups. Data analysed by parsimony and Bayesian inference methods demonstrate that Agaonidae are monophyletic and that the previous classification is not supported. Agaonidae are partitioned into four groups: (i) Tetrapus, (ii) Ceratosolen + Kradibia, (iii) some Blastophaga + Wiebesia species, and (iv) all genera associated with monoecious figs and a few Blastophaga and Wiebesia. The latter group is subdivided into subgroups: (i) Pleistodontes, (ii) Blastophaga Psenes and neocaledonian Dolichoris, (iii) some Blastophaga and Wiebesia species, and (iv) Platyscapa, all afrotropical genera and all genera associated with section Conosycea. Eleven genera were recovered as monophyletic, six were para- or polyphyletic, and two cannot be tested with our data set. Based on our phylogeny we propose a new classification for the Agaonidae. Two new subfamilies are proposed: Tetrapusiinae for the genus Tetrapus, and Kradibiinae for Ceratosolen + Kradibia. Liporrhopalum is synonymized with Kradibia and the subgenus Valisia of Blastophaga is elevated to generic rank. These changes resulted in 36 new combinations. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis of co-speciation between the pollinators and their host species by comparing the two phylogenies. � The Willi Hennig Society 2009.

Jorge Mendez-alcalde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mastocytosis and the Fig Wasp (Blastophaga Psenes).
    International archives of allergy and immunology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Alicia Armentia, Fernando Pineda, Sara Fernandez-cortés, Angela Moro, Blanca Martín-armentia, Paula Mendez, Ana Porcuna, Jorge Mendez-alcalde
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Mastocytosis involves the abnormal proliferation of mast cells and clinical variability. In the case of anaphylaxis, the triggering antigen, often associated with Hymenoptera allergens, must be identified. The common fig (Ficus carica) requires the fig wasp (Blastophaga Psenes) for pollination. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the ingestion of B. Psenes as a trigger of anaphylaxis in patients with mastocytosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Skin prick tests (SPTs) and specific immunoglobulin E to the possible involved allergens were carried out in the patient and in 4 controls allergic to Hymenoptera and fig. Given the possibility of hidden allergens, we studied the source (figs of various origins) and possible hypersensitivity to Hymenoptera allergens, including the fig wasp (B. Psenes). RESULTS In all subjects, the SPT resulted in a wheal (larger than with histamine) with the extract of the inferior part of the female fig but not with the male extract (lower pole and stem). Immune detection was made with the stem and inferior part of figs and venom of Polistes and Vespula. Recognition bands were observed at 25 kDa with female fig extracts that were also recognized by the patient with anaphylaxis to Hymenoptera venom. CONCLUSIONS We cannot exclude the possibility that the ingestion of fig with Blastophaga antigens may have triggered anaphylaxis in our patient.

Finn Kjellberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • laying the foundations for a new classification of agaonidae hymenoptera chalcidoidea a multilocus phylogenetic approach
    Cladistics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Astrid Cruaud, Finn Kjellberg, Roula Jabbourzahab, Gwenaelle Genson, Corinne Cruaud, Arnaud Couloux, Simon Van Noort
    Abstract:

    A phylogeny of the Agaonidae (Chalcidoidea) in their restricted sense, pollinators of Ficus species (Moraceae), is estimated using 4182 nucleotides from six genes, obtained from 101 species representing 19 of the 20 recognized genera, and four outgroups. Data analysed by parsimony and Bayesian inference methods demonstrate that Agaonidae are monophyletic and that the previous classification is not supported. Agaonidae are partitioned into four groups: (i) Tetrapus, (ii) Ceratosolen + Kradibia, (iii) some Blastophaga + Wiebesia species, and (iv) all genera associated with monoecious figs and a few Blastophaga and Wiebesia. The latter group is subdivided into subgroups: (i) Pleistodontes, (ii) Blastophaga Psenes and neocaledonian Dolichoris, (iii) some Blastophaga and Wiebesia species, and (iv) Platyscapa, all afrotropical genera and all genera associated with section Conosycea. Eleven genera were recovered as monophyletic, six were para- or polyphyletic, and two cannot be tested with our data set. Based on our phylogeny we propose a new classification for the Agaonidae. Two new subfamilies are proposed: Tetrapusiinae for the genus Tetrapus, and Kradibiinae for Ceratosolen + Kradibia. Liporrhopalum is synonymized with Kradibia and the subgenus Valisia of Blastophaga is elevated to generic rank. These changes resulted in 36 new combinations. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis of co-speciation between the pollinators and their host species by comparing the two phylogenies. � The Willi Hennig Society 2009.

  • Gynandromorphism in pollinating fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)
    Entomological News, 2003
    Co-Authors: Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira, Angelo Pires Do Prado, Finn Kjellberg
    Abstract:

    4 ABSTRACT: Gynandromorph specimens of pollinating fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) are reported for the first time. Gynandromorph individuals of Pegoscapus tonduzi (pollinator of Ficus citrifolia - Moraceae) and Blastophaga Psenes (pollinator of F. carica) were found in galls from which insects had not emerged. P. tonduzi gynandromorph specimens showed female and male tis- sues distributed in a mosaic over all parts of the body , but with the genitalia predominantly mascu - line, while in B. Psenes the individuals had a female front part and a male hind part. The presence of gynanadromorphs at low frequencies in two species suggests that they may also occur in other fig wasp species, but their occurrence is not noticed because of their low frequency and because it is nec - essary to crack open the closed galls to find these insects.

Ferreira, Ester Alice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • In vitro sensivity of fig plantlets to gamma rays
    São Paulo - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2009
    Co-Authors: Ferreira, Ester Alice, Tulmann Neto,augusto
    Abstract:

    Fig breeding programs through conventional methods are rare in many countries, e.g. Brazil, since the wasp Blastophaga Psenes, which is responsible for the natural pollination, is not present. For these cases a low cost alternative for the breeding program is the induction of physical mutagenesis by radiation. The sensivity of fig explant buds of different sizes to gamma radiation were evaluated. Fig plantlets "Roxo de Valinhos" already established in vitro were classified by size in 2.5 to 4.5 cm, 5 to 9 7 cm and 8 to 10 cm long, and irradiated with: 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy doses. After irradiation each plantlet was cut in pieces containing one-bud and transferred to WPM culture medium, according to the bud position: medium and apical. Explants were grown in a growth room for 90 days when, explant mortality, root formation, height of aerial part, number of buds and plantlet weight were evaluated. Doses of up to 50 Gy do not cause plantlet death and that doses larger than 30 Gy inhibit root formation. Therefore, the 30 Gy dose may be recommended for the irradiation of fig plantlets larger than 2.5 cm

  • Sensitividade in vitro de brotações de figueira à radiação gama
    São Paulo - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2009
    Co-Authors: Ferreira, Ester Alice, Pasqual Moacir, Tulmann Neto Augusto
    Abstract:

    Fig breeding programs through conventional methods are rare in many countries, e.g. Brazil, since the wasp Blastophaga Psenes, which is responsible for the natural pollination, is not present. For these cases a low cost alternative for the breeding program is the induction of physical mutagenesis by radiation. The sensivity of fig explant buds of different sizes to gamma radiation were evaluated. Fig plantlets "Roxo de Valinhos" already established in vitro were classified by size in 2.5 to 4.5 cm, 5 to 9 7 cm and 8 to 10 cm long, and irradiated with: 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy doses. After irradiation each plantlet was cut in pieces containing one-bud and transferred to WPM culture medium, according to the bud position: medium and apical. Explants were grown in a growth room for 90 days when, explant mortality, root formation, height of aerial part, number of buds and plantlet weight were evaluated. Doses of up to 50 Gy do not cause plantlet death and that doses larger than 30 Gy inhibit root formation. Therefore, the 30 Gy dose may be recommended for the irradiation of fig plantlets larger than 2.5 cm.Os programas de melhoramento de figueira por métodos convencionais são raros em muitos países, como o Brasil, por exemplo, por não ser encontrada a mosca Blastophaga Psenes responsável pela polinização natural. Para estes casos, uma alternativa de baixo custo para os programas de melhoramento é a irradiação, por meio de mutagênicos físicos. Avaliou-se o efeito de doses de radiação gama em gemas de explantes de figueira de diferentes tamanhos. Foram usadas plântulas previamente estabelecidas in vitro, que foram separadas nos tamanhos: 2,5 a 4,5 cm; 5 a 7 cm e 8 a 10 cm e irradiadas nas doses 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 Gy. Após a irradiação, as plântulas foram repicadas em explantes contendo uma gema e, na inoculação no meio nutritivo WPM, foram separadas em função da posição de gemas: basal, mediana e apical. Após 90 dias em sala de crescimento, foram avaliadas as seguintes características: mortalidade de explantes, formação de raízes, comprimento da parte aérea, número de gemas e peso das plântulas. Doses de até 50 Gy não provocam morte de plântulas e que doses acima de 30 Gy impedem a formação de raízes sendo esta recomendada como a dose para irradiação de plântulas de figueira maiores que 2,5 cm

Martine Hossaert-mckey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Olfactive detection of fig wasps as prey by the ant Crematogaster scutellaris (Formicidae; Myrmicinae)
    Die Naturwissenschaften, 2003
    Co-Authors: Bertrand Schatz, Marie-charlotte Anstett, Welmoed Out, Martine Hossaert-mckey
    Abstract:

    In the species-specific and obligate mutualism between the fig (Ficus carica) and its pollinator (the fig wasps Blastophaga Psenes), a third participant, the ant Crematogaster scutellaris, is a predator of the wasps. Here, we ask how ant workers can rapidly localise such prey, whose availability is limited in time and space. Using a Y-tube olfactometer, we tested ant response to odours emitted by different types of figs (receptive female, ripe female or male figs) and by fig wasps (pollinators or non-pollinators). We demonstrate that ants were significantly attracted only to odours emitted by pollinators, either alone or associated with odours of male figs (releasing wasps). Detection of prey odour by ants is an important trait that can explain their observed high rate of predation on pollinators, and could have important implications on the stability of the fig/fig wasp mutualism.

  • Partial avoidance of female inflorescences of a dioecious fig by their mutualistic pollinating wasps
    Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 1998
    Co-Authors: M.-c. Anstett, Marc Gibernau, Martine Hossaert-mckey
    Abstract:

    Every dioecious species of fig is pollinated by a specific wasp that only reproduces within the inflorescences of male trees. Pollinators usually die within the closed urn–shaped inflorescence (fig or syconium) they visit. Thus pollinators that enter female syconia allow seed production but die without reproducing. In a previous study, pollinators of one dioecious fig where male and female trees flower synchronously, Ficus hispida, did not exhibit differential attraction or choice between inflorescences of the two sexes. Here we show that Blastophaga Psenes, the pollinator of another dioecious species of different lineage, the common fig F. carica), significantly avoided female syconia, when we experimentally induce a situation of choice. Paradoxically, choosiness can be demonstrated in F. carica; where usually wasps do not face a choice because male and female trees do not flower synchronously. We discuss how the mutualism may be stable despite this discrimination and hypothesize why the two species of fig–pollinators exhibit different behaviour on dioecious figs.

  • Chemosensory attraction of fig wasps to substances produced by receptive figs
    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1994
    Co-Authors: Martine Hossaert-mckey, Marc Gibernau, Jürg E. Frey
    Abstract:

    International audienceIn the mutualism between figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae) and their species-specific fig wasp pollinators (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), location of a receptive host tree by the adult insect is a critical step. The adult female wasp lives only a few days, and must usually fly to a different tree than her natal tree to locate receptive figs. Trees in receptive phase often occur at very low densities. Reproductive success of both fig and wasp depends on transmission of a very strong signal by the plant. Some evidence exists for the role of olfaction in location of receptive hosts by fig wasps, but very little work has been done on the chemical ecology of host location and host specificity. Here the first experimental evidence is presented for long-distance olfactory attraction of wasps by volatile substances produced by receptive figs, and for short-distance or contact chemostimulation by host volatiles that elicit entry of the wasp into the fig. In studies using Ficus carica L., pentane extracts of receptive-phase figs attract the pollinator Blastophaga Psenes L. from distances of at least 5 m in the field. Short-distance chemostimulation was demonstrated in laboratory bioassays. Pentane extracts of receptive figs, when painted onto the ostiole of non-receptive figs, elicit entry of pollinator wasps. Figs emit volatile compounds attractive to pollinating wasps only during the period of receptivity; pentane extracts of non-receptive figs are not attractive. A simple reliable procedure is described to compare the attractivity of different types of extracts (total, internal, and external extracts) and of different fractions, in the first step towards identifying attractant substances