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Yasuo Seto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identification of chemical warfare Agents from vapor samples using a field portable capillary gas chromatography membrane interfaced electron ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry instrument with tri bed concentrator
    Journal of Chromatography A, 2015
    Co-Authors: Hisayuki Nagashima, Tomoki Nagoya, Naoko Kurimata, Tomohide Kondo, Toru Ikeda, Shohei Unoke, Yasuo Seto
    Abstract:

    A field-portable gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (Hapsite ER system) was evaluated for the detection of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) in the vapor phase. The system consisted of Tri-Bed concentrator gas sampler (trapping time: 3s(-1)min), a nonpolar low thermal-mass capillary gas chromatography column capable of raising temperatures up to 200°C, a hydrophobic membrane-interfaced electron ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer evacuated by a non-evaporative getter pump for data acquisition, and a personal computer for data analysis. Sample vapors containing as little as 22μg sarin (GB), 100μg soman (GD), 210μg tabun (GA), 55μg cyclohexylsarin (GF), 4.8μg sulfur mustard, 390μg nitrogen mustard 1, 140μg of nitrogen mustard 2, 130μg nitrogen mustard 3, 120μg of 2-chloroacetophenone and 990μg of chloropicrin per cubic meter could be confirmed after Tri-Bed micro-concentration (for 1min) and automated AMDIS search within 12min. Using manual deconvolution by background subtraction of neighboring regions on the extracted ion chromatograms, the above-mentioned CWAs could be confirmed at lower concentration levels. The memory effects were also examined and we found that Blister Agents showed significantly more carry-over than nerve Agents. Gasoline vapor was found to interfere with the detection of GB and GD, raising the concentration limits for confirmation in the presence of gasoline by both AMDIS search and manual deconvolution; however, GA and GF were not subject to interference by gasoline. Lewisite 1, and o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile could also be confirmed by gas chromatography, but it was hard to quantify them. Vapors of phosgene, chlorine, and cyanogen chloride could be confirmed by direct mass spectrometric detection at concentration levels higher than 2, 140, and 10mg/m(3) respectively, by bypassing the micro-concentration trap and gas chromatographic separation.

  • Ion mobility spectrometric analysis of vaporous chemical warfare Agents by the instrument with corona discharge ionization ammonia dopant ambient temperature operation.
    Analytica Chimica Acta, 2015
    Co-Authors: Takafumi Satoh, Shintaro Kishi, Hisayuki Nagashima, Masumi Tachikawa, Mieko Kanamori-kataoka, Nakagawa Takao, Kitagawa Nobuyoshi, Tokita Kenichi, Yamamoto Soichiro, Yasuo Seto
    Abstract:

    The ion mobility behavior of nineteen chemical warfare Agents (7 nerve gases, 5 Blister Agents, 2 lachrymators, 2 blood Agents, 3 choking Agents) and related compounds including simulants (8 Agents) and organic solvents (39) was comparably investigated by the ion mobility spectrometry instrument utilizing weak electric field linear drift tube with corona discharge ionization, ammonia doping, purified inner air drift flow circulation operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Three alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates, tabun, and four organophosphorus simulants gave the intense characteristic positive monomer-derived ion peaks and small dimer-derived ion peaks, and the later ion peaks were increased with the vapor concentrations. VX, RVX and tabun gave both characteristic positive monomer-derived ions and degradation product ions. Nitrogen mustards gave the intense characteristic positive ion peaks, and in addition distinctive negative ion peak appeared from HN3. Mustard gas, lewisite 1, o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and 2-mercaptoethanol gave the characteristic negative ion peaks. Methylphosphonyl difluoride, 2-chloroacetophenone and 1,4-thioxane gave the characteristic ion peaks both in the positive and negative ion mode. 2-Chloroethylethylsulfide and allylisothiocyanate gave weak ion peaks. The marker ion peaks derived from two blood Agents and three choking Agents were very close to the reactant ion peak in negative ion mode and the respective reduced ion mobility was fluctuated. The reduced ion mobility of the CWA monomer-derived peaks were positively correlated with molecular masses among structurally similar Agents such as G-type nerve gases and organophosphorus simulants; V-type nerve gases and nitrogen mustards. The slope values of the calibration plots of the peak heights of the characteristic marker ions versus the vapor concentrations are related to the detection sensitivity, and within chemical warfare Agents examined the slope values for sarin, soman, tabun and nitrogen mustards were higher. Some CWA simulants and organic solvents gave the ion peaks eluting at the similar positions of the CWAs, resulting in false positive alarms.

  • correction to sensitive and comprehensive detection of chemical warfare Agents in air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry with counterflow introduction
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Hisashi Maruko, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Yasuhiro Sano, Yasuo Takayama, Ryoji Sekioka, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Kishi, Takafumi Satoh
    Abstract:

    A highly sensitive and specific real-time field-deployable detection technology, based on counterflow air introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, has been developed for a wide range of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) comprising gaseous (two blood Agents, three choking Agents), volatile (six nerve gases and one precursor agent, five Blister Agents), and nonvolatile (three lachrymators, three vomiting Agents) Agents in air. The approach can afford effective chemical ionization, in both positive and negative ion modes, for ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The volatile and nonvolatile CWAs tested provided characteristic ions, which were fragmented into MS3 product ions in positive and negative ion modes. Portions of the fragment ions were assigned by laboratory hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) composed of linear ion trap and high-resolution mass spectrometers. Gaseous Agents were detected by MS or MS2 in negative ion mode. The limits of detection for a 1 s measurement were typically...

  • Sensitive and Comprehensive Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents in Air by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Counterflow Introduction
    2014
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Hisashi Maruko, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Yasuhiro Sano, Yasuo Takayama, Ryoji Sekioka, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Kishi, Takafumi Satoh
    Abstract:

    A highly sensitive and specific real-time field-deployable detection technology, based on counterflow air introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, has been developed for a wide range of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) comprising gaseous (two blood Agents, three choking Agents), volatile (six nerve gases and one precursor agent, five Blister Agents), and nonvolatile (three lachrymators, three vomiting Agents) Agents in air. The approach can afford effective chemical ionization, in both positive and negative ion modes, for ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The volatile and nonvolatile CWAs tested provided characteristic ions, which were fragmented into MS3 product ions in positive and negative ion modes. Portions of the fragment ions were assigned by laboratory hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) composed of linear ion trap and high-resolution mass spectrometers. Gaseous Agents were detected by MS or MS2 in negative ion mode. The limits of detection for a 1 s measurement were typically at or below the microgram per cubic meter level except for chloropicrin (submilligram per cubic meter). Matrix effects by gasoline vapor resulted in minimal false-positive signals for all the CWAs and some signal suppression in the case of mustard gas. The moisture level did influence the measurement of the CWAs

  • sensitive monitoring of volatile chemical warfare Agents in air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry with counter flow introduction
    Analytical Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Mieko Kanamorikataoka, Koichiro Tsuge, Isaac Ohsawa, Kazumitsu Iura, Teruo Itoi, Hiroyuki Sekiguchi, Koji Matsushita, Yasuhiro Sano
    Abstract:

    A new method for sensitively and selectively detecting chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) in air was developed using counter-flow introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Four volatile and highly toxic CWAs were examined, including the nerve gases sarin and tabun, and the Blister Agents mustard gas (HD) and Lewisite 1 (L1). Soft ionization was performed using corona discharge to form reactant ions, and the ions were sent in the direction opposite to the airflow by an electric field to eliminate the interfering neutral molecules such as ozone and nitrogen oxide. This resulted in efficient ionization of the target CWAs, especially in the negative ionization mode. Quadrupole MS (QMS) and ion trap tandem MS (ITMS) instruments were developed and investigated, which were movable on the building floor. For sarin, tabun, and HD, the protonated molecular ions and their fragment ions were observed in the positive ion mode. For L1, the chloride adduct ions of L1 hydrolysis products w...

Takafumi Satoh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ion mobility spectrometric analysis of vaporous chemical warfare Agents by the instrument with corona discharge ionization ammonia dopant ambient temperature operation.
    Analytica Chimica Acta, 2015
    Co-Authors: Takafumi Satoh, Shintaro Kishi, Hisayuki Nagashima, Masumi Tachikawa, Mieko Kanamori-kataoka, Nakagawa Takao, Kitagawa Nobuyoshi, Tokita Kenichi, Yamamoto Soichiro, Yasuo Seto
    Abstract:

    The ion mobility behavior of nineteen chemical warfare Agents (7 nerve gases, 5 Blister Agents, 2 lachrymators, 2 blood Agents, 3 choking Agents) and related compounds including simulants (8 Agents) and organic solvents (39) was comparably investigated by the ion mobility spectrometry instrument utilizing weak electric field linear drift tube with corona discharge ionization, ammonia doping, purified inner air drift flow circulation operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Three alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates, tabun, and four organophosphorus simulants gave the intense characteristic positive monomer-derived ion peaks and small dimer-derived ion peaks, and the later ion peaks were increased with the vapor concentrations. VX, RVX and tabun gave both characteristic positive monomer-derived ions and degradation product ions. Nitrogen mustards gave the intense characteristic positive ion peaks, and in addition distinctive negative ion peak appeared from HN3. Mustard gas, lewisite 1, o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and 2-mercaptoethanol gave the characteristic negative ion peaks. Methylphosphonyl difluoride, 2-chloroacetophenone and 1,4-thioxane gave the characteristic ion peaks both in the positive and negative ion mode. 2-Chloroethylethylsulfide and allylisothiocyanate gave weak ion peaks. The marker ion peaks derived from two blood Agents and three choking Agents were very close to the reactant ion peak in negative ion mode and the respective reduced ion mobility was fluctuated. The reduced ion mobility of the CWA monomer-derived peaks were positively correlated with molecular masses among structurally similar Agents such as G-type nerve gases and organophosphorus simulants; V-type nerve gases and nitrogen mustards. The slope values of the calibration plots of the peak heights of the characteristic marker ions versus the vapor concentrations are related to the detection sensitivity, and within chemical warfare Agents examined the slope values for sarin, soman, tabun and nitrogen mustards were higher. Some CWA simulants and organic solvents gave the ion peaks eluting at the similar positions of the CWAs, resulting in false positive alarms.

  • correction to sensitive and comprehensive detection of chemical warfare Agents in air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry with counterflow introduction
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Hisashi Maruko, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Yasuhiro Sano, Yasuo Takayama, Ryoji Sekioka, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Kishi, Takafumi Satoh
    Abstract:

    A highly sensitive and specific real-time field-deployable detection technology, based on counterflow air introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, has been developed for a wide range of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) comprising gaseous (two blood Agents, three choking Agents), volatile (six nerve gases and one precursor agent, five Blister Agents), and nonvolatile (three lachrymators, three vomiting Agents) Agents in air. The approach can afford effective chemical ionization, in both positive and negative ion modes, for ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The volatile and nonvolatile CWAs tested provided characteristic ions, which were fragmented into MS3 product ions in positive and negative ion modes. Portions of the fragment ions were assigned by laboratory hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) composed of linear ion trap and high-resolution mass spectrometers. Gaseous Agents were detected by MS or MS2 in negative ion mode. The limits of detection for a 1 s measurement were typically...

  • Sensitive and Comprehensive Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents in Air by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Counterflow Introduction
    2014
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Hisashi Maruko, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Yasuhiro Sano, Yasuo Takayama, Ryoji Sekioka, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Kishi, Takafumi Satoh
    Abstract:

    A highly sensitive and specific real-time field-deployable detection technology, based on counterflow air introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, has been developed for a wide range of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) comprising gaseous (two blood Agents, three choking Agents), volatile (six nerve gases and one precursor agent, five Blister Agents), and nonvolatile (three lachrymators, three vomiting Agents) Agents in air. The approach can afford effective chemical ionization, in both positive and negative ion modes, for ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The volatile and nonvolatile CWAs tested provided characteristic ions, which were fragmented into MS3 product ions in positive and negative ion modes. Portions of the fragment ions were assigned by laboratory hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) composed of linear ion trap and high-resolution mass spectrometers. Gaseous Agents were detected by MS or MS2 in negative ion mode. The limits of detection for a 1 s measurement were typically at or below the microgram per cubic meter level except for chloropicrin (submilligram per cubic meter). Matrix effects by gasoline vapor resulted in minimal false-positive signals for all the CWAs and some signal suppression in the case of mustard gas. The moisture level did influence the measurement of the CWAs

Yasuhiro Sano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • correction to sensitive and comprehensive detection of chemical warfare Agents in air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry with counterflow introduction
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Hisashi Maruko, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Yasuhiro Sano, Yasuo Takayama, Ryoji Sekioka, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Kishi, Takafumi Satoh
    Abstract:

    A highly sensitive and specific real-time field-deployable detection technology, based on counterflow air introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, has been developed for a wide range of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) comprising gaseous (two blood Agents, three choking Agents), volatile (six nerve gases and one precursor agent, five Blister Agents), and nonvolatile (three lachrymators, three vomiting Agents) Agents in air. The approach can afford effective chemical ionization, in both positive and negative ion modes, for ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The volatile and nonvolatile CWAs tested provided characteristic ions, which were fragmented into MS3 product ions in positive and negative ion modes. Portions of the fragment ions were assigned by laboratory hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) composed of linear ion trap and high-resolution mass spectrometers. Gaseous Agents were detected by MS or MS2 in negative ion mode. The limits of detection for a 1 s measurement were typically...

  • Sensitive and Comprehensive Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents in Air by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Counterflow Introduction
    2014
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Hisashi Maruko, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Yasuhiro Sano, Yasuo Takayama, Ryoji Sekioka, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Kishi, Takafumi Satoh
    Abstract:

    A highly sensitive and specific real-time field-deployable detection technology, based on counterflow air introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, has been developed for a wide range of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) comprising gaseous (two blood Agents, three choking Agents), volatile (six nerve gases and one precursor agent, five Blister Agents), and nonvolatile (three lachrymators, three vomiting Agents) Agents in air. The approach can afford effective chemical ionization, in both positive and negative ion modes, for ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The volatile and nonvolatile CWAs tested provided characteristic ions, which were fragmented into MS3 product ions in positive and negative ion modes. Portions of the fragment ions were assigned by laboratory hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) composed of linear ion trap and high-resolution mass spectrometers. Gaseous Agents were detected by MS or MS2 in negative ion mode. The limits of detection for a 1 s measurement were typically at or below the microgram per cubic meter level except for chloropicrin (submilligram per cubic meter). Matrix effects by gasoline vapor resulted in minimal false-positive signals for all the CWAs and some signal suppression in the case of mustard gas. The moisture level did influence the measurement of the CWAs

  • sensitive monitoring of volatile chemical warfare Agents in air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry with counter flow introduction
    Analytical Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Mieko Kanamorikataoka, Koichiro Tsuge, Isaac Ohsawa, Kazumitsu Iura, Teruo Itoi, Hiroyuki Sekiguchi, Koji Matsushita, Yasuhiro Sano
    Abstract:

    A new method for sensitively and selectively detecting chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) in air was developed using counter-flow introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Four volatile and highly toxic CWAs were examined, including the nerve gases sarin and tabun, and the Blister Agents mustard gas (HD) and Lewisite 1 (L1). Soft ionization was performed using corona discharge to form reactant ions, and the ions were sent in the direction opposite to the airflow by an electric field to eliminate the interfering neutral molecules such as ozone and nitrogen oxide. This resulted in efficient ionization of the target CWAs, especially in the negative ionization mode. Quadrupole MS (QMS) and ion trap tandem MS (ITMS) instruments were developed and investigated, which were movable on the building floor. For sarin, tabun, and HD, the protonated molecular ions and their fragment ions were observed in the positive ion mode. For L1, the chloride adduct ions of L1 hydrolysis products w...

Shigeharu Yamashiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • correction to sensitive and comprehensive detection of chemical warfare Agents in air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry with counterflow introduction
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Hisashi Maruko, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Yasuhiro Sano, Yasuo Takayama, Ryoji Sekioka, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Kishi, Takafumi Satoh
    Abstract:

    A highly sensitive and specific real-time field-deployable detection technology, based on counterflow air introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, has been developed for a wide range of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) comprising gaseous (two blood Agents, three choking Agents), volatile (six nerve gases and one precursor agent, five Blister Agents), and nonvolatile (three lachrymators, three vomiting Agents) Agents in air. The approach can afford effective chemical ionization, in both positive and negative ion modes, for ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The volatile and nonvolatile CWAs tested provided characteristic ions, which were fragmented into MS3 product ions in positive and negative ion modes. Portions of the fragment ions were assigned by laboratory hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) composed of linear ion trap and high-resolution mass spectrometers. Gaseous Agents were detected by MS or MS2 in negative ion mode. The limits of detection for a 1 s measurement were typically...

  • Sensitive and Comprehensive Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents in Air by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Counterflow Introduction
    2014
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Hisashi Maruko, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Yasuhiro Sano, Yasuo Takayama, Ryoji Sekioka, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Kishi, Takafumi Satoh
    Abstract:

    A highly sensitive and specific real-time field-deployable detection technology, based on counterflow air introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, has been developed for a wide range of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) comprising gaseous (two blood Agents, three choking Agents), volatile (six nerve gases and one precursor agent, five Blister Agents), and nonvolatile (three lachrymators, three vomiting Agents) Agents in air. The approach can afford effective chemical ionization, in both positive and negative ion modes, for ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The volatile and nonvolatile CWAs tested provided characteristic ions, which were fragmented into MS3 product ions in positive and negative ion modes. Portions of the fragment ions were assigned by laboratory hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) composed of linear ion trap and high-resolution mass spectrometers. Gaseous Agents were detected by MS or MS2 in negative ion mode. The limits of detection for a 1 s measurement were typically at or below the microgram per cubic meter level except for chloropicrin (submilligram per cubic meter). Matrix effects by gasoline vapor resulted in minimal false-positive signals for all the CWAs and some signal suppression in the case of mustard gas. The moisture level did influence the measurement of the CWAs

  • sensitive monitoring of volatile chemical warfare Agents in air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry with counter flow introduction
    Analytical Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Mieko Kanamorikataoka, Koichiro Tsuge, Isaac Ohsawa, Kazumitsu Iura, Teruo Itoi, Hiroyuki Sekiguchi, Koji Matsushita, Yasuhiro Sano
    Abstract:

    A new method for sensitively and selectively detecting chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) in air was developed using counter-flow introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Four volatile and highly toxic CWAs were examined, including the nerve gases sarin and tabun, and the Blister Agents mustard gas (HD) and Lewisite 1 (L1). Soft ionization was performed using corona discharge to form reactant ions, and the ions were sent in the direction opposite to the airflow by an electric field to eliminate the interfering neutral molecules such as ozone and nitrogen oxide. This resulted in efficient ionization of the target CWAs, especially in the negative ionization mode. Quadrupole MS (QMS) and ion trap tandem MS (ITMS) instruments were developed and investigated, which were movable on the building floor. For sarin, tabun, and HD, the protonated molecular ions and their fragment ions were observed in the positive ion mode. For L1, the chloride adduct ions of L1 hydrolysis products w...

Shintaro Kishi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ion mobility spectrometric analysis of vaporous chemical warfare Agents by the instrument with corona discharge ionization ammonia dopant ambient temperature operation.
    Analytica Chimica Acta, 2015
    Co-Authors: Takafumi Satoh, Shintaro Kishi, Hisayuki Nagashima, Masumi Tachikawa, Mieko Kanamori-kataoka, Nakagawa Takao, Kitagawa Nobuyoshi, Tokita Kenichi, Yamamoto Soichiro, Yasuo Seto
    Abstract:

    The ion mobility behavior of nineteen chemical warfare Agents (7 nerve gases, 5 Blister Agents, 2 lachrymators, 2 blood Agents, 3 choking Agents) and related compounds including simulants (8 Agents) and organic solvents (39) was comparably investigated by the ion mobility spectrometry instrument utilizing weak electric field linear drift tube with corona discharge ionization, ammonia doping, purified inner air drift flow circulation operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Three alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates, tabun, and four organophosphorus simulants gave the intense characteristic positive monomer-derived ion peaks and small dimer-derived ion peaks, and the later ion peaks were increased with the vapor concentrations. VX, RVX and tabun gave both characteristic positive monomer-derived ions and degradation product ions. Nitrogen mustards gave the intense characteristic positive ion peaks, and in addition distinctive negative ion peak appeared from HN3. Mustard gas, lewisite 1, o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and 2-mercaptoethanol gave the characteristic negative ion peaks. Methylphosphonyl difluoride, 2-chloroacetophenone and 1,4-thioxane gave the characteristic ion peaks both in the positive and negative ion mode. 2-Chloroethylethylsulfide and allylisothiocyanate gave weak ion peaks. The marker ion peaks derived from two blood Agents and three choking Agents were very close to the reactant ion peak in negative ion mode and the respective reduced ion mobility was fluctuated. The reduced ion mobility of the CWA monomer-derived peaks were positively correlated with molecular masses among structurally similar Agents such as G-type nerve gases and organophosphorus simulants; V-type nerve gases and nitrogen mustards. The slope values of the calibration plots of the peak heights of the characteristic marker ions versus the vapor concentrations are related to the detection sensitivity, and within chemical warfare Agents examined the slope values for sarin, soman, tabun and nitrogen mustards were higher. Some CWA simulants and organic solvents gave the ion peaks eluting at the similar positions of the CWAs, resulting in false positive alarms.

  • correction to sensitive and comprehensive detection of chemical warfare Agents in air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry with counterflow introduction
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Hisashi Maruko, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Yasuhiro Sano, Yasuo Takayama, Ryoji Sekioka, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Kishi, Takafumi Satoh
    Abstract:

    A highly sensitive and specific real-time field-deployable detection technology, based on counterflow air introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, has been developed for a wide range of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) comprising gaseous (two blood Agents, three choking Agents), volatile (six nerve gases and one precursor agent, five Blister Agents), and nonvolatile (three lachrymators, three vomiting Agents) Agents in air. The approach can afford effective chemical ionization, in both positive and negative ion modes, for ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The volatile and nonvolatile CWAs tested provided characteristic ions, which were fragmented into MS3 product ions in positive and negative ion modes. Portions of the fragment ions were assigned by laboratory hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) composed of linear ion trap and high-resolution mass spectrometers. Gaseous Agents were detected by MS or MS2 in negative ion mode. The limits of detection for a 1 s measurement were typically...

  • Sensitive and Comprehensive Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents in Air by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Counterflow Introduction
    2014
    Co-Authors: Yasuo Seto, Hisashi Maruko, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeharu Yamashiro, Yasuhiro Sano, Yasuo Takayama, Ryoji Sekioka, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Kishi, Takafumi Satoh
    Abstract:

    A highly sensitive and specific real-time field-deployable detection technology, based on counterflow air introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, has been developed for a wide range of chemical warfare Agents (CWAs) comprising gaseous (two blood Agents, three choking Agents), volatile (six nerve gases and one precursor agent, five Blister Agents), and nonvolatile (three lachrymators, three vomiting Agents) Agents in air. The approach can afford effective chemical ionization, in both positive and negative ion modes, for ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The volatile and nonvolatile CWAs tested provided characteristic ions, which were fragmented into MS3 product ions in positive and negative ion modes. Portions of the fragment ions were assigned by laboratory hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) composed of linear ion trap and high-resolution mass spectrometers. Gaseous Agents were detected by MS or MS2 in negative ion mode. The limits of detection for a 1 s measurement were typically at or below the microgram per cubic meter level except for chloropicrin (submilligram per cubic meter). Matrix effects by gasoline vapor resulted in minimal false-positive signals for all the CWAs and some signal suppression in the case of mustard gas. The moisture level did influence the measurement of the CWAs