The Experts below are selected from a list of 14028 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J Revuz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plasma and skin suction Blister fluid pharmacokinetics and time course of the effects of oral mizolastine
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1996Co-Authors: Olivier Chosidow, Jean-paul Thenot, C Dubruc, P Danjou, E Fuseau, E Espagne, G Bianchetti, S Herson, J RevuzAbstract:Objective:To investigate plasma and skin suction-Blister-fluid pharmacokinetics of oral mizolastine in order to determine whether the drug concentration in the fluid of suction-induced skin Blisters could better predict the antihistamine activity than the plasma concentration.
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increased serum and Blister fluid levels of creatine kinase in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis
British Journal of Dermatology, 1994Co-Authors: Frederic Caux, Olivier Chosidow, C Philippon, J C Roujeau, J RevuzAbstract:Keratinocytes have recently been reported to contain creatine kinase (CK) of brain-type isoenzyme. The aim of this study was to investigate whether necrosis of keratinocytes induced raised CK levels in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The serum and Blister fluid levels of creatine kinase and its isoenzymes [muscular-type (MM), brain-type (BB), myocardial-type (MB)] were measured in 40 patients with TEN, 10 patients with other bullous dermatoses, and in suction Blisters in five controls. The mean serum CK was significantly higher in TEN patients than in patients with other bullous dermatoses (mean +/- SD: 480 +/- 535 U/l vs. 107 +/- 44 U/l, P < 0.05). The MM-isoenzyme was predominant (94%). A positive correlation was found between the level of the serum CK and the percentage of body surface area (BSA) involved (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). The mean Blister CK was significantly higher in TEN patients than in patients with other bullous dermatoses or controls (mean +/- SD: 728 +/- 437 U/l vs. 310 +/- 244 U/l and 268 +/- 194 U/l, respectively, P < 0.02). The isoenzyme distribution of Blister CK in TEN patients was: 76.8% MM, 18.1% MB and 5% BB. Although a significant part of Blister CK comigrating with CK-MB, after preincubation with protein A-Sepharose, appeared to be CK-BB/IgG complex, the CK-BB fraction constituted less than 25% of Blister CK. Therefore, the CK present in increased amounts in serum and Blister fluid in TEN was not directly produced by keratinocytes.
Detlef Zillikens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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topically applied flightless i neutralizing antibodies improve healing of Blistered skin in a murine model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2013Co-Authors: Zlatko Kopecki, Detlef Zillikens, Nadira Ruzehaji, Christopher T Turner, Hioraki Iwata, Ralf Ludwig, Dedee F Murrell, Allison J CowinAbstract:Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a chronic inheritable disease that leads to severe Blistering and fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that the actin cytoskeletal protein flightless I (Flii) impairs wound healing associated with EB. Using a mouse model of EB acquisita (EBA), the effect of “mopping up” Flii using Flii-neutralizing antibodies (FnAbs) before, during, and after Blister formation was determined. FnAbs, incorporated into a cream vehicle and applied topically to the skin, penetrated into the basal epidermis and upper papillary dermis but were not detected in serum or other organs and did not alter neutrophil or macrophage infiltration into the Blistered skin. Histological assessment of Blister severity showed that treatment of early-stage Blisters with FnAb cream reduced their severity and improved their rate of healing. Treatment of established Blisters with FnAb cream also improved healing and restored the skin’s tensile strength toward that of normal skin. Repeated application of FnAbs to EBA skin before the onset of Blistering reduced the severity of skin Blistering. Independent of when the FnAbs were applied, skin barrier function and wound healing were improved and skin fragility was reduced, suggesting that FnAbs could potentially improve healing of patients with EB.
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detection of il 1α il 1β and il 1 receptor antagonist in Blister fluid of bullous pemphigoid
Journal of Dermatological Science, 1996Co-Authors: Enno Schmidt, Alexander Mittnacht, Heike Schomig, Reinhard Dummer, Evabettina Brocker, Detlef ZillikensAbstract:Abstract Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal Blistering disease. In addition to autoantibodies, complement activation and inflammatory cells are necessary for lesion formation. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of IL-1, secreted by various inflammatory and non-inflammatory cells, in BP lesions. We determined IL-1α IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist in both Blister fluid and concurrent serum samples of 10 BP patients by ELISAs. For comparison, we assayed experimentally generated suction Blisters from 10 healthy volunteers. IL-1β levels were significantly elevated in BP Blisters, whereas levels of IL-1α were decreased relative to those in controls. In concurrent serum samples, no IL-1α or IL-1β were detected in patients or controls. Levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist were significantly higher in BP Blisters in relation to both concurrent sera and suction Blisters. Our data indicate the release of IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and to a lesser extent, of IL-1α, at the site of Blister formation in BP and support the notion that cell-mediated immune mechanisms may contribute to Blister formation in this disease.
Toshihiko Yamanishi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Blister bursting and deuterium bursting release from tungsten exposed to high fluences of high flux and low energy deuterium plasma
Nuclear Fusion, 2007Co-Authors: W M Shu, E Wakai, Toshihiko YamanishiAbstract:Deuterium retention and Blistering in the near-surface region of tungsten exposed to high fluences (up to 1027 D m−2) of high flux (1022D+ m−2 s−1) and low energy (38 eV) deuterium plasma were examined with scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). Two kinds of Blisters appeared at the recrystallized tungsten exposed to the plasma at 520 K. One is the large Blisters with sizes of a few tens of micrometres and varying ratios of height against width (up to 0.6), and the other is the small Blisters with sizes of less than a few micrometres and a large ratio of height against diameter (about 0.7). A peculiar phenomenon of Blister bursting with a tail, or partially opened or fully opened lid was found on some grains after plasma exposure or TDS experiment. In addition, bursting release of deuterium with sudden peaks was observed in the TDS curve below 700 K at a heating rate of 0.5 K s−1. A new model named 'step-cascade model' was proposed to explain the Blister bursting. Furthermore, the origin of deuterium retention and Blistering as well as future work on high-Z materials were discussed.
S Takamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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suppression of Blister formation and deuterium retention on tungsten surface due to mechanical polishing and helium pre exposure
Nuclear Fusion, 2005Co-Authors: D Nishijima, N Ohno, H Iwakiri, K Amano, Kazutoshi Tokunaga, N Yoshida, S TakamuraAbstract:Low-energy deuterium (D) plasma exposure on tungsten (W), which is an important material for ITER, results in Blister formation on the surface. Blister formation increases both micron-sized dust production and D retention. Blister formation depends greatly on surface pre-treatment. Deuterium plasma exposure on mirror-finished powder metallurgy W at 500 K for 3 h forms a Blister with a diameter of a few hundred micrometres on the surface. Blister formations on the mechanically-polished and helium-pre-exposed surfaces are drastically suppressed. Deuterium retention is also reduced on both the mechanically-polished surface and the helium-pre-exposed surface compared with that on the mirror-finished surface. The suppressive effect of Blister formation on the mechanically-polished surface is maintained for 50 h. The size of Blisters and D retention on mirror-finished surface exposed for 50 h increases by some degrees (500 µm, 7 × 1020 m−2) compared with that on mirror-finished surface exposed for 3 h (200 µm, 5 × 1020 m−2), but is not proportional to the exposure time. The saturation level of D retention even on Blister-rich surfaces seems to be lower than an order of 1021 D2 m−2.
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Blister formation on tungsten surface under low energy and high flux hydrogen plasma irradiation in nagdis i
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2003Co-Authors: H Kanehara, S Fukuta, N Ohno, S TakamuraAbstract:Abstract This study presents experimental results on hydrogen Blister formation on powder metallurgy tungsten (PM-W) surface under low energy ( 1021 m−2 s−1) hydrogen plasma irradiation in a divertor plasma simulator-NAGDIS-I. The tungsten samples were exposed to steady-state hydrogen plasma at various sample temperatures and fluences. Hydrogen Blister formations are clearly observed on tungsten surface at the surface temperature below 950 K. The Blister size is from a few 10 μm to a few 100 μm. It was found that the Blister formations obviously depend on the surface temperature and the incident hydrogen ion fluence. No Blisters are observed on tungsten surface at the surface temperature above 950 K even if the fluence is high enough.
Xuexi Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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surface modification and deuterium retention of tungsten and tungsten rhenium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma
Nuclear materials and energy, 2021Co-Authors: Xuexi Zhang, Li Qiao, Hong Zhang, Weizhi Yao, Peng WangAbstract:Abstract Surface modification and deuterium (D) retention in pure tungsten (W) and tungsten-rhenium (W-Re) alloys with Re concentration of 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt.% were investigated after exposure to D plasma with an incident energy of 38 eV/D at about 400 K and various fluences ranging from 7.2 × 1023 to 2.6 × 1025 D/m2. It is found that Blistering depends strongly on the exposure fluence for both W and W-Re alloy samples. When the D fluence is higher than 2.8 × 1024 D/m2, the surface of W is covered by two types of Blisters. One type is small Blisters ( 8 μm) and extents over several grains. In the cases of W-Re alloys, only small Blisters can be observed on their surface. The Blisters on the surface of W-Re alloys preferentially appeared on grains with surface orientation close to (1 1 1). Cross-section views of Blisters show that the Blisters on W-Re alloys always originate from intra-granular cavities. The small and large Blisters on W originate from intra- and inter-granular cavities, respectively. The surface Blistering fluence threshold for W-Re alloys is lower than for W. For both types of materials, rupture of Blisters occurs if the underlying crack reaches the surface at the edge of a Blister. The number of ruptured Blisters increases with increasing D fluence. TDS results show that there is an additional high-temperature peak at ∼ 800 K in W-Re alloys. The amount of D released from W and W-Re alloys increases with increasing D fluence. In addition, the accumulation of D in W-Re alloys is not noticeably influenced by the amount of Re doping at the exposure temperature of ∼ 400 K.
