The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Madhusmita Behera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • proliferation of pd 1 cd8 t cells in peripheral Blood after pd 1 targeted therapy in lung cancer patients
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017
    Co-Authors: Alice O Kamphorst, Rathi N Pillai, Shu Yang, Tahseen H Nasti, Rama Akondy, Andreas Wieland, Gabriel Sica, Lydia Koenig, Nikita Patel, Madhusmita Behera
    Abstract:

    Exhausted T cells in chronic infections and cancer have sustained expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). Therapies that block the PD-1 pathway have shown promising clinical results in a significant number of advanced-stage cancer patients. Nonetheless, a better understanding of the immunological responses induced by PD-1 blockade in cancer patients is lacking. Identification of predictive biomarkers is a priority in the field, but whether peripheral Blood Analysis can provide biomarkers to monitor or predict patients’ responses to treatment remains to be resolved. In this study, we analyzed longitudinal Blood samples from advanced stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (n = 29) receiving PD-1–targeted therapies. We detected an increase in Ki-67+ PD-1+ CD8 T cells following therapy in ∼70% of patients, and most responses were induced after the first or second treatment cycle. This T-cell activation was not indiscriminate because we observed only minimal effects on EBV-specific CD8 T cells, suggesting that responding cells may be tumor specific. These proliferating CD8 T cells had an effector-like phenotype (HLA-DR+, CD38+, Bcl-2lo), expressed costimulatory molecules (CD28, CD27, ICOS), and had high levels of PD-1 and coexpression of CTLA-4. We found that 70% of patients with disease progression had either a delayed or absent PD-1+ CD8 T-cell response, whereas 80% of patients with clinical benefit exhibited PD-1+ CD8 T-cell responses within 4 wk of treatment initiation. Our results suggest that peripheral Blood Analysis may provide valuable insights into NSCLC patients’ responses to PD-1–targeted therapies.

Janusz Pawliszy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Aydogan Ozcan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • opto fluidics based microscopy and flow cytometry on a cell phone for Blood Analysis
    Methods of Molecular Biology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Hongying Zhu, Aydogan Ozcan
    Abstract:

    Blood Analysis is one of the most important clinical tests for medical diagnosis. Flow cytometry and optical microscopy are widely used techniques to perform Blood Analysis and therefore cost-effective translation of these technologies to resource limited settings is critical for various global health as well as telemedicine applications. In this chapter, we review our recent progress on the integration of imaging flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy on a cell phone using compact, light-weight and cost-effective opto-fluidic attachments integrated onto the camera module of a smartphone. In our cell-phone based opto-fluidic imaging cytometry design, fluorescently labeled cells are delivered into the imaging area using a disposable micro-fluidic chip that is positioned above the existing camera unit of the cell phone. Battery powered light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are butt-coupled to the sides of this micro-fluidic chip without any lenses, which effectively acts as a multimode slab waveguide, where the excitation light is guided to excite the fluorescent targets within the micro-fluidic chip. Since the excitation light propagates perpendicular to the detection path, an inexpensive plastic absorption filter is able to reject most of the scattered light and create a decent dark-field background for fluorescent imaging. With this excitation geometry, the cell-phone camera can record fluorescent movies of the particles/cells as they are flowing through the microchannel. The digital frames of these fluorescent movies are then rapidly processed to quantify the count and the density of the labeled particles/cells within the solution under test. With a similar opto-fluidic design, we have recently demonstrated imaging and automated counting of stationary Blood cells (e.g., labeled white Blood cells or unlabeled red Blood cells) loaded within a disposable cell counting chamber. We tested the performance of this cell-phone based imaging cytometry and Blood Analysis platform by measuring the density of red and white Blood cells as well as hemoglobin concentration in human Blood samples, which showed a good match to our measurement results obtained using a commercially available hematology analyzer. Such a cell-phone enabled opto-fluidics microscopy, flow cytometry, and Blood Analysis platform could be especially useful for various telemedicine applications in remote and resource-limited settings.

  • cost effective and rapid Blood Analysis on a cell phone
    Lab on a Chip, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ikbal Sencan, Stoyan Dimitrov, Justin Wong, Derek Tseng, Keita Nagashima, Aydogan Ozcan
    Abstract:

    We demonstrate a compact and cost-effective imaging cytometry platform installed on a cell-phone for the measurement of the density of red and white Blood cells as well as hemoglobin concentration in human Blood samples. Fluorescent and bright-field images of Blood samples are captured using separate optical attachments to the cell-phone and are rapidly processed through a custom-developed smart application running on the phone for counting of Blood cells and determining hemoglobin density. We evaluated the performance of this cell-phone based Blood Analysis platform using anonymous human Blood samples and achieved comparable results to a standard bench-top hematology analyser. Test results can either be stored on the cell-phone memory or be transmitted to a central server, providing remote diagnosis opportunities even in field settings.

Liande Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • amperometric glucose biosensor based on integration of glucose oxidase with platinum nanoparticles ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposite
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2011
    Co-Authors: Xiaoyan Jiang, Xuyan Mao, Xiujun Cui, Liande Zhu
    Abstract:

    Abstract This article reports a new amperometric glucose biosensor based on ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/OMC) modified electrode. The Pt/OMC nanocomposite modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities towards the reduction and oxidation of H2O2 as well. This feature allowed us to use it as bioplatform on which glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized by entrapment in electropolymerized pyrrole film for the construction of the glucose biosensor. The biosensor showed good analytical performances in terms of low detection (0.05 mM), high sensitivity (0.38 μA/mM) and wide linear range (0.05–3.70 mM). In addition, the effects of pH value, applied potential, electroactive interference and the stability of the biosensor were discussed. The applicability to Blood Analysis was also evaluated.

Wentao Shi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ultrasensitive platinum nanocubes enhanced amperometric glucose biosensor based on chitosan and nafion film
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2012
    Co-Authors: Juan Ren, Wentao Shi
    Abstract:

    Abstract An ultrasensitive amperometric glucose biosensor was developed to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of the reduction and oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Platinum (Pt) electrode was modified with the mixture of Pt nanocubes (PtNCs), chitosan (CHIT), glucose oxidase (GOx), and nafion. The nafion/CHIT/GOx@PtNCs-modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward of reduction and oxidation of H 2 O 2 . PtNCs have good catalytical capabilities of H 2 O 2 , which generated in the process of GOx oxidizing glucose, acting as an electron-transfer promoter to enhance the sensitivity of glucose detection. The biosensor showed good analytical performance with low detection (0.5 μM), high sensitivity (35.92 μA mM −1  cm −2 ), and broad linear range (1 × 10 −6 to 5 × 10 −3  M). The novel biosensor was used for Blood Analysis.