The Experts below are selected from a list of 6 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Anupama Pandrangi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Etiology, pathogenesis and future prospects for developing improved vaccines against Bluetongue virus: A Review
    African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Anupama Pandrangi
    Abstract:

    Bluetongue is a viral disease that primarily affects sheep, occasionally goats and deer and, very rarely, cattle. The disease is caused by an icosahedral, non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus within the Orbivirus genus of the family Reoviridae. It is non-contagious and is only transmitted by insect vectors. BTV serotypes are known to occur in Africa, Asia, South America, North America, Middle East, India, and Australia generally between latitudes 35°S and 50°N. It occurs around the Mediterranean in summer, subsiding when temperatures drop in winter. The replication phase of the Bluetongue virus (BTV) infection cycle is initiated when the virus core is delivered into the cytoplasm of a susceptible host cell. The 10 segments of the viral genome remain packaged within the core throughout the replication cycle, helping to prevent the activation of host defense mechanisms that would be caused by direct contact between the dsRNA and the host cell cytoplasm. This review presents comprehensive information on etiology, pathogenesis, prevention and control of the disease.   Key words: Bluetongue, Orbivirus, pathogenesis, prevention

Stéphan Zientara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity.
    Veterinary research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Isabelle Schwartz-cornil, Peter P. C. Mertens, Vanessa Contreras, Behzad Hemati, Florentina Pascale, Emmanuel Bréard, Philip S. Mellor, N. James Maclachlan, Stéphan Zientara
    Abstract:

    Bluetongue (BT) virus, an Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and causes thrombo-hemorrhagic fevers mainly in sheep. During the 20th century, BTV was endemic in sub-tropical regions but in the last ten years, new strains of BTV (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16) have appeared in Europe leading to a devastating disease in naive sheep and bovine herds (serotype 8). BTV enters into insect cells via the viral inner core VP7 protein and in mammalian cells via the external capsid VP2 haemagglutinin, which is the major determinant of BTV serotype and neutralization. BTV replicates in mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells where it induces expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis. BTV can remain as nonreplicating entities concealed in erythrocytes for up to five months. Homologous protection against one BTV serotype involves neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses directed to the external VP2 and VP5 proteins, whereas heterologous protection is supported by T cells directed to the NS1 non structural protein and inner core proteins. Classical inactivated vaccines directed to a specific serotype generate protective immunity and may help control current epidemic situations. New recombinant vaccine strategies that allow differentiating infected from vaccinated animals and that generate cross protective immunity are urgently needed to efficiently combat this worldwide threatening disease. Bluetongue / Orbivirus / arbovirus / viral haemorrhagic disease / ruminants

Isabelle Schwartz-cornil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity.
    Veterinary research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Isabelle Schwartz-cornil, Peter P. C. Mertens, Vanessa Contreras, Behzad Hemati, Florentina Pascale, Emmanuel Bréard, Philip S. Mellor, N. James Maclachlan, Stéphan Zientara
    Abstract:

    Bluetongue (BT) virus, an Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and causes thrombo-hemorrhagic fevers mainly in sheep. During the 20th century, BTV was endemic in sub-tropical regions but in the last ten years, new strains of BTV (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16) have appeared in Europe leading to a devastating disease in naive sheep and bovine herds (serotype 8). BTV enters into insect cells via the viral inner core VP7 protein and in mammalian cells via the external capsid VP2 haemagglutinin, which is the major determinant of BTV serotype and neutralization. BTV replicates in mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells where it induces expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis. BTV can remain as nonreplicating entities concealed in erythrocytes for up to five months. Homologous protection against one BTV serotype involves neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses directed to the external VP2 and VP5 proteins, whereas heterologous protection is supported by T cells directed to the NS1 non structural protein and inner core proteins. Classical inactivated vaccines directed to a specific serotype generate protective immunity and may help control current epidemic situations. New recombinant vaccine strategies that allow differentiating infected from vaccinated animals and that generate cross protective immunity are urgently needed to efficiently combat this worldwide threatening disease. Bluetongue / Orbivirus / arbovirus / viral haemorrhagic disease / ruminants

Peter P. C. Mertens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity.
    Veterinary research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Isabelle Schwartz-cornil, Peter P. C. Mertens, Vanessa Contreras, Behzad Hemati, Florentina Pascale, Emmanuel Bréard, Philip S. Mellor, N. James Maclachlan, Stéphan Zientara
    Abstract:

    Bluetongue (BT) virus, an Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and causes thrombo-hemorrhagic fevers mainly in sheep. During the 20th century, BTV was endemic in sub-tropical regions but in the last ten years, new strains of BTV (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16) have appeared in Europe leading to a devastating disease in naive sheep and bovine herds (serotype 8). BTV enters into insect cells via the viral inner core VP7 protein and in mammalian cells via the external capsid VP2 haemagglutinin, which is the major determinant of BTV serotype and neutralization. BTV replicates in mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells where it induces expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis. BTV can remain as nonreplicating entities concealed in erythrocytes for up to five months. Homologous protection against one BTV serotype involves neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses directed to the external VP2 and VP5 proteins, whereas heterologous protection is supported by T cells directed to the NS1 non structural protein and inner core proteins. Classical inactivated vaccines directed to a specific serotype generate protective immunity and may help control current epidemic situations. New recombinant vaccine strategies that allow differentiating infected from vaccinated animals and that generate cross protective immunity are urgently needed to efficiently combat this worldwide threatening disease. Bluetongue / Orbivirus / arbovirus / viral haemorrhagic disease / ruminants

Vanessa Contreras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity.
    Veterinary research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Isabelle Schwartz-cornil, Peter P. C. Mertens, Vanessa Contreras, Behzad Hemati, Florentina Pascale, Emmanuel Bréard, Philip S. Mellor, N. James Maclachlan, Stéphan Zientara
    Abstract:

    Bluetongue (BT) virus, an Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and causes thrombo-hemorrhagic fevers mainly in sheep. During the 20th century, BTV was endemic in sub-tropical regions but in the last ten years, new strains of BTV (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16) have appeared in Europe leading to a devastating disease in naive sheep and bovine herds (serotype 8). BTV enters into insect cells via the viral inner core VP7 protein and in mammalian cells via the external capsid VP2 haemagglutinin, which is the major determinant of BTV serotype and neutralization. BTV replicates in mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells where it induces expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis. BTV can remain as nonreplicating entities concealed in erythrocytes for up to five months. Homologous protection against one BTV serotype involves neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses directed to the external VP2 and VP5 proteins, whereas heterologous protection is supported by T cells directed to the NS1 non structural protein and inner core proteins. Classical inactivated vaccines directed to a specific serotype generate protective immunity and may help control current epidemic situations. New recombinant vaccine strategies that allow differentiating infected from vaccinated animals and that generate cross protective immunity are urgently needed to efficiently combat this worldwide threatening disease. Bluetongue / Orbivirus / arbovirus / viral haemorrhagic disease / ruminants