The Experts below are selected from a list of 1449 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
François Boussu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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engineering of 3d warp interlock p aramid fabric structure and its energy absorption capabilities against ballistic impact for Body Armour applications
Composite Structures, 2019Co-Authors: Mulat Alubel Abtew, François Boussu, Carmen Loghin, Pascal Bruniaux, Irina CristianAbstract:Abstract 3D warp interlock fabric became a promising structure to develop women Body Armour due to its good mouldability. However, its performance toward ballistic impact for different threats should be investigated before applying. This paper aims to investigate the ballistic performances of 3D interlock p-aramid (Twaron®) fabric panels’ against NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard–0101.06 Level-IIIA. The intended fabric was manufactured on a semi-automatic loom in GEMTEX Laboratory. 2D plain weave fabric with similar fibre type was also tested for comparison. Various target panels from each structure were arranged and moulded at pre-defined points using an adapted bust-shape forming bench to resemble frontal female Body contour. Based on the result, the energy absorption capabilities of 3D interlock and 2D fabric panels with a higher number of layers did not reveal a significant difference. However, the 2D fabric panel absorbed more energy than 3D warp interlock fabrics for a reduced and similar number of layers due to its rigid and stiffness property. Besides, both fabric types had shown less energy transmission to the backing material at the non-moulded target areas as compared to the moulded target area. While shaping the intended panel, 3D interlock fabric revealed better mouldability and less recovery behaviour with less wrinkle formations.
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influences of fabric density on mechanical and moulding behaviours of 3d warp interlock para aramid fabrics for soft Body Armour application
Composite Structures, 2018Co-Authors: Mulat Alubel Abtew, François Boussu, Carmen Loghin, Irina Cristian, Pascal Bruniaux, Yan Chen, Lichuan WangAbstract:Abstract For the past many decades’ enormous research has been done on mechanical and moulding properties of 2D woven and non-woven fabrics. The current paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the tensile, bending and moulding behaviours of 3D orthogonal warp interlock fabrics with different fabric densities. Four 3D warp interlock fabrics with different areal density made from 168Tex linear density p-aramid Kevlar yarn were manufactured on dobby loom in GEMTEX laboratory. Based on the investigation both fabric density and yarn density shows a significant effect on bending and tensile properties of the fabrics. The bending rigidity in the warp and weft directions become higher in preforms with denser weft and warp yarn densities respectively. In general, as the yarn density in the respective warp or/and weft direction increases, the maximum tensile load with maximum strain increases. Moreover, the fabric and yarn density has also shown a great impact on various mouldability characteristics of 3D warp interlock preforms while deformation. The study finally elucidated that, like other parameters, fabric and the yarn density of 3D warp interlock influenced greatly the tensile, bending and moulding properties where those parameters should be considered carefully while applying in various technical textile applications i.e., soft Body Armour.
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A systematic pattern generation system for manufacturing customized seamless multi-layer female soft Body Armour through dome-formation (moulding) techniques using 3D warp interlock fabrics
Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2018Co-Authors: Mulat Alubel Abtew, François Boussu, Carmen Loghin, Irina Cristian, Pascal Bruniaux, Yan Chen, Lichuan WangAbstract:Abstract Female participants in different perilous tasks including law enforcement offices have been considerably increased in the last few decades. However, they mostly wear men’s Body Armour with smaller sizes which brings a negative upshot not only in ballistic protection performance, comfort, fitness but also in a psychological point of view. Hence, manufacturing female soft Body Armour based on their unique morphological differences for better ballistic protection without conceding fitness and comfort are in great demand. This research work presented a novel method using a systematic 3D design approach through parametrization process to generate block patterns for manufacturing successive layer in the panels. The deformable mesh on the 3D virtual adaptive female model was developed with grading values of zero. Parametrization process based on the thickness of each layer in the 3D design database was applied to generate the different successive meshes on the virtual mannequin with appropriate coordinates. Later, the multi-layers mesh developed on the virtual 3D female Body has been flattened to acquire the different layer’s pattern. Due to its excellent mouldability behaviour, 3D warp interlock fabrics made of high-performance fibre has been designed and developed to manufacture the seamless female Body Armour with a dome-formation process. The manufactured multi-layer panels were draped on the standard female physical mannequin for experimental validations. The result shows that the new 3D design approach and its manufacturing system was found easy and precise to generate the different multi-layer panels pattern for developing seamless female soft Body Armour.
Pascal Bruniaux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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engineering of 3d warp interlock p aramid fabric structure and its energy absorption capabilities against ballistic impact for Body Armour applications
Composite Structures, 2019Co-Authors: Mulat Alubel Abtew, François Boussu, Carmen Loghin, Pascal Bruniaux, Irina CristianAbstract:Abstract 3D warp interlock fabric became a promising structure to develop women Body Armour due to its good mouldability. However, its performance toward ballistic impact for different threats should be investigated before applying. This paper aims to investigate the ballistic performances of 3D interlock p-aramid (Twaron®) fabric panels’ against NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard–0101.06 Level-IIIA. The intended fabric was manufactured on a semi-automatic loom in GEMTEX Laboratory. 2D plain weave fabric with similar fibre type was also tested for comparison. Various target panels from each structure were arranged and moulded at pre-defined points using an adapted bust-shape forming bench to resemble frontal female Body contour. Based on the result, the energy absorption capabilities of 3D interlock and 2D fabric panels with a higher number of layers did not reveal a significant difference. However, the 2D fabric panel absorbed more energy than 3D warp interlock fabrics for a reduced and similar number of layers due to its rigid and stiffness property. Besides, both fabric types had shown less energy transmission to the backing material at the non-moulded target areas as compared to the moulded target area. While shaping the intended panel, 3D interlock fabric revealed better mouldability and less recovery behaviour with less wrinkle formations.
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influences of fabric density on mechanical and moulding behaviours of 3d warp interlock para aramid fabrics for soft Body Armour application
Composite Structures, 2018Co-Authors: Mulat Alubel Abtew, François Boussu, Carmen Loghin, Irina Cristian, Pascal Bruniaux, Yan Chen, Lichuan WangAbstract:Abstract For the past many decades’ enormous research has been done on mechanical and moulding properties of 2D woven and non-woven fabrics. The current paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the tensile, bending and moulding behaviours of 3D orthogonal warp interlock fabrics with different fabric densities. Four 3D warp interlock fabrics with different areal density made from 168Tex linear density p-aramid Kevlar yarn were manufactured on dobby loom in GEMTEX laboratory. Based on the investigation both fabric density and yarn density shows a significant effect on bending and tensile properties of the fabrics. The bending rigidity in the warp and weft directions become higher in preforms with denser weft and warp yarn densities respectively. In general, as the yarn density in the respective warp or/and weft direction increases, the maximum tensile load with maximum strain increases. Moreover, the fabric and yarn density has also shown a great impact on various mouldability characteristics of 3D warp interlock preforms while deformation. The study finally elucidated that, like other parameters, fabric and the yarn density of 3D warp interlock influenced greatly the tensile, bending and moulding properties where those parameters should be considered carefully while applying in various technical textile applications i.e., soft Body Armour.
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A systematic pattern generation system for manufacturing customized seamless multi-layer female soft Body Armour through dome-formation (moulding) techniques using 3D warp interlock fabrics
Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2018Co-Authors: Mulat Alubel Abtew, François Boussu, Carmen Loghin, Irina Cristian, Pascal Bruniaux, Yan Chen, Lichuan WangAbstract:Abstract Female participants in different perilous tasks including law enforcement offices have been considerably increased in the last few decades. However, they mostly wear men’s Body Armour with smaller sizes which brings a negative upshot not only in ballistic protection performance, comfort, fitness but also in a psychological point of view. Hence, manufacturing female soft Body Armour based on their unique morphological differences for better ballistic protection without conceding fitness and comfort are in great demand. This research work presented a novel method using a systematic 3D design approach through parametrization process to generate block patterns for manufacturing successive layer in the panels. The deformable mesh on the 3D virtual adaptive female model was developed with grading values of zero. Parametrization process based on the thickness of each layer in the 3D design database was applied to generate the different successive meshes on the virtual mannequin with appropriate coordinates. Later, the multi-layers mesh developed on the virtual 3D female Body has been flattened to acquire the different layer’s pattern. Due to its excellent mouldability behaviour, 3D warp interlock fabrics made of high-performance fibre has been designed and developed to manufacture the seamless female Body Armour with a dome-formation process. The manufactured multi-layer panels were draped on the standard female physical mannequin for experimental validations. The result shows that the new 3D design approach and its manufacturing system was found easy and precise to generate the different multi-layer panels pattern for developing seamless female soft Body Armour.
Ankita Srivastava - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an analysis of deformation and energy absorption modes of shear thickening fluid treated kevlar fabrics as soft Body Armour materials
Materials & Design, 2013Co-Authors: Abhijit Majumdar, Bhupendra Singh Butola, Ankita SrivastavaAbstract:In this article the deformation and energy absorption modes of shear thickening fluid (STF) treated and untreated Kevlar woven fabrics upon impact has been presented. It was found that in untreated Kevlar fabrics, only the primary yarns, which are engaged by the impactor, participate in load sharing and hence energy absorption. Since the load per yarn is high, the yarns slip at the grip, forming long loops but the rest of the fabric remains undisturbed. Due to participation of only a few yarns, the energy absorption is low. However, in case of STF treated fabrics, the STF is transformed into a solid like material during impact. The transformed STF acts as a bridging matrix which converts the network of yarns in the fabric into a single structure. Hence, unlike in untreated fabrics, the entire fabric rather than only primary yarns participates in load bearing and energy absorption. The failure of the STF treated structure is by rupture of fibers and yarns rather than their slippage.
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optimal designing of soft Body Armour materials using shear thickening fluid
Materials & Design, 2013Co-Authors: Abhijit Majumdar, Bhupendra Singh Butola, Ankita SrivastavaAbstract:This paper deals with the optimal design of soft Body Armour materials by treating Kevlar (para-aramid) fabrics with silica nano-particle based shear thickening fluid (STF). Box and Behnken design of experiment (DOE) plan in conjunction with contour analysis has been used to study the effect of silica concentration, padding pressure and diluent: STF ratio (solvent ratio) on STF add-on% and impact energy absorption. Silica concentration, solvent ratio and square of solvent ratio were found to be statistically significant terms influencing the STF add-on% on Kevlar fabrics. On the other hand, silica concentration, padding pressure and the square of solvent ratio were the statistically significant terms influencing the impact energy absorption. Higher padding pressure enhances the impact energy absorption by the STF treated Kevlar fabrics although it does not influence the STF add-on% significantly. Higher STF add-on% is a necessary but not the sufficient condition for improving the impact resistance performance of Kevlar fabrics.
Rodney Pope - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of Body Armour on the power development and agility of police officers
Ergonomics, 2019Co-Authors: Ben Schram, Rodney Pope, B. Hinton, G. NorrisAbstract:AbstractA study was conducted in which 11 police officers wore one of three different types of Individual Light Armour Vests (ILAV), or normal station wear, for an entire day while completing power...
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A Comparison of Military and Law Enforcement Body Armour
MDPI AG, 2018Co-Authors: Robin Orr, Ben Schram, Rodney PopeAbstract:Law-enforcement officers increasingly wear Body Armour for protection; wearing Body Armour is common practice in military populations. Law-enforcement and military occupational demands are vastly different and military-styled Body Armour may not be suitable for law-enforcement. This study investigated differences between selected military Body Armour (MBA: 6.4 kg) and law-enforcement Body Armour (LEBA: 2.1 kg) in impacts on postural sway, vertical jump, agility, a functional movement screen (FMS), task simulations (vehicle exit; victim recovery), and subjective measures. Ten volunteer police officers (six females, four males) were randomly allocated to one of the designs on each of two days. Body Armour type did not significantly affect postural sway, vertical jump, vehicle exit and 5 m sprint times, or victim recovery times. Both Armour types increased sway velocity and sway-path length in the final five seconds compared to the first 5 s of a balance task. The MBA was associated with significantly slower times to complete the agility task, poorer FMS total scores, and poorer subjective ratings of performance and comfort. The LEBA was perceived as more comfortable and received more positive performance ratings during the agility test and task simulations. The impacts of MBA and LEBA differed significantly and they should not be considered interchangeable
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the impact of Body armor on physical performance of law enforcement personnel a systematic review
Annals of occupational and environmental medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Colin Tomes, Rodney PopeAbstract:The law enforcement officer profession requires performance of arduous occupational tasks while carrying an external load, consisting of, at minimum, a chest rig, a communication system, weaponry, handcuffs, personal protective equipment and a torch. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to identify and critically appraise the methodological quality of published studies that have investigated the impacts of Body Armour on task performance and to synthesize and report key findings from these studies to inform law enforcement organizations. Several literature databases (Medline, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBAS) were searched using key search words and terms to identify appropriate studies. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were critically evaluated using the Downs and Black protocol with inter-rater agreement determined by Cohen’s Kappa. Sixteen articles were retained for evaluation with a mean Downs and Black score of 73.2 ± 6.8% (k = 0.841). Based on the research quality and findings across the included studies, this review determined that while effects of Body Armour on marksmanship and physiological responses have not yet been adequately ascertained, Body Armour does have significant physical performance and biomechanical impacts on the wearer, including: a) increased ratings of perceived exertion and increased time to complete functional tasks, b) decreased work capability (indicated by deterioration in fitness test scores), c) decreased balance and stability, and d) increased ground reaction forces. Given the physical performance and biomechanical impacts on the wearer, Body Armour should be carefully selected, with consideration of the physical fitness of the wearers and the degree to which the Armour systems can be ergonomically optimized for the specific population in question.
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The impact of Body armor on physical performance of law enforcement personnel: a systematic review
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Colin Tomes, Rodney PopeAbstract:Background The law enforcement officer profession requires performance of arduous occupational tasks while carrying an external load, consisting of, at minimum, a chest rig, a communication system, weaponry, handcuffs, personal protective equipment and a torch. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to identify and critically appraise the methodological quality of published studies that have investigated the impacts of Body Armour on task performance and to synthesize and report key findings from these studies to inform law enforcement organizations. Methods Several literature databases (Medline, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBAS) were searched using key search words and terms to identify appropriate studies. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were critically evaluated using the Downs and Black protocol with inter-rater agreement determined by Cohen’s Kappa. Results Sixteen articles were retained for evaluation with a mean Downs and Black score of 73.2 ± 6.8% (k = 0.841). Based on the research quality and findings across the included studies, this review determined that while effects of Body Armour on marksmanship and physiological responses have not yet been adequately ascertained, Body Armour does have significant physical performance and biomechanical impacts on the wearer, including: a) increased ratings of perceived exertion and increased time to complete functional tasks, b) decreased work capability (indicated by deterioration in fitness test scores), c) decreased balance and stability, and d) increased ground reaction forces. Conclusions Given the physical performance and biomechanical impacts on the wearer, Body Armour should be carefully selected, with consideration of the physical fitness of the wearers and the degree to which the Armour systems can be ergonomically optimized for the specific population in question.
Irina Cristian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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engineering of 3d warp interlock p aramid fabric structure and its energy absorption capabilities against ballistic impact for Body Armour applications
Composite Structures, 2019Co-Authors: Mulat Alubel Abtew, François Boussu, Carmen Loghin, Pascal Bruniaux, Irina CristianAbstract:Abstract 3D warp interlock fabric became a promising structure to develop women Body Armour due to its good mouldability. However, its performance toward ballistic impact for different threats should be investigated before applying. This paper aims to investigate the ballistic performances of 3D interlock p-aramid (Twaron®) fabric panels’ against NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard–0101.06 Level-IIIA. The intended fabric was manufactured on a semi-automatic loom in GEMTEX Laboratory. 2D plain weave fabric with similar fibre type was also tested for comparison. Various target panels from each structure were arranged and moulded at pre-defined points using an adapted bust-shape forming bench to resemble frontal female Body contour. Based on the result, the energy absorption capabilities of 3D interlock and 2D fabric panels with a higher number of layers did not reveal a significant difference. However, the 2D fabric panel absorbed more energy than 3D warp interlock fabrics for a reduced and similar number of layers due to its rigid and stiffness property. Besides, both fabric types had shown less energy transmission to the backing material at the non-moulded target areas as compared to the moulded target area. While shaping the intended panel, 3D interlock fabric revealed better mouldability and less recovery behaviour with less wrinkle formations.
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influences of fabric density on mechanical and moulding behaviours of 3d warp interlock para aramid fabrics for soft Body Armour application
Composite Structures, 2018Co-Authors: Mulat Alubel Abtew, François Boussu, Carmen Loghin, Irina Cristian, Pascal Bruniaux, Yan Chen, Lichuan WangAbstract:Abstract For the past many decades’ enormous research has been done on mechanical and moulding properties of 2D woven and non-woven fabrics. The current paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the tensile, bending and moulding behaviours of 3D orthogonal warp interlock fabrics with different fabric densities. Four 3D warp interlock fabrics with different areal density made from 168Tex linear density p-aramid Kevlar yarn were manufactured on dobby loom in GEMTEX laboratory. Based on the investigation both fabric density and yarn density shows a significant effect on bending and tensile properties of the fabrics. The bending rigidity in the warp and weft directions become higher in preforms with denser weft and warp yarn densities respectively. In general, as the yarn density in the respective warp or/and weft direction increases, the maximum tensile load with maximum strain increases. Moreover, the fabric and yarn density has also shown a great impact on various mouldability characteristics of 3D warp interlock preforms while deformation. The study finally elucidated that, like other parameters, fabric and the yarn density of 3D warp interlock influenced greatly the tensile, bending and moulding properties where those parameters should be considered carefully while applying in various technical textile applications i.e., soft Body Armour.
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A systematic pattern generation system for manufacturing customized seamless multi-layer female soft Body Armour through dome-formation (moulding) techniques using 3D warp interlock fabrics
Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2018Co-Authors: Mulat Alubel Abtew, François Boussu, Carmen Loghin, Irina Cristian, Pascal Bruniaux, Yan Chen, Lichuan WangAbstract:Abstract Female participants in different perilous tasks including law enforcement offices have been considerably increased in the last few decades. However, they mostly wear men’s Body Armour with smaller sizes which brings a negative upshot not only in ballistic protection performance, comfort, fitness but also in a psychological point of view. Hence, manufacturing female soft Body Armour based on their unique morphological differences for better ballistic protection without conceding fitness and comfort are in great demand. This research work presented a novel method using a systematic 3D design approach through parametrization process to generate block patterns for manufacturing successive layer in the panels. The deformable mesh on the 3D virtual adaptive female model was developed with grading values of zero. Parametrization process based on the thickness of each layer in the 3D design database was applied to generate the different successive meshes on the virtual mannequin with appropriate coordinates. Later, the multi-layers mesh developed on the virtual 3D female Body has been flattened to acquire the different layer’s pattern. Due to its excellent mouldability behaviour, 3D warp interlock fabrics made of high-performance fibre has been designed and developed to manufacture the seamless female Body Armour with a dome-formation process. The manufactured multi-layer panels were draped on the standard female physical mannequin for experimental validations. The result shows that the new 3D design approach and its manufacturing system was found easy and precise to generate the different multi-layer panels pattern for developing seamless female soft Body Armour.