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P De Marcillac - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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complete event by event alpha gamma beta separation in a full size teo _2 cuore Bolometer by simultaneous heat and light detection
Physical Review C, 2018Co-Authors: L Berge, P De Marcillac, M Chapellier, M De Combarieu, L Dumoulin, A Giuliani, M Gros, S Marnieros, C Nones, V NovatiAbstract:In the present work, we describe the results obtained with a large ($\approx 133$ cm$^3$) TeO$_2$ Bolometer, with a view to a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{130}$Te. We demonstrate an efficient $\alpha$ particle discrimination (99.9\%) with a high acceptance of the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal (about 96\%), expected at $\approx 2.5$ MeV. This unprecedented result was possible thanks to the superior performance (10 eV rms baseline noise) of a Neganov-Luke-assisted germanium Bolometer used to detect a tiny (70 eV) light signal from the TeO$_2$ detector, dominated by $\gamma$($\beta$)-induced Cherenkov radiation but exhibiting also a clear scintillation component. The obtained results represent a major breakthrough towards the TeO$_2$-based version of CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification (CUPID), a ton-scale cryogenic $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment proposed as a follow-up to the CUORE project with particle identification. The CUORE experiment began recently a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{130}$Te with an array of 988 125-cm$^3$ TeO$_2$ Bolometers. The lack of $\alpha$ discrimination in CUORE makes $\alpha$ decays at the detector surface the dominant background component, at the level of $\approx 0.01$ counts/(keV kg y) in the region of interest. We show here, for the first time with a CUORE-size Bolometer and using the same technology as CUORE for the readout of both heat and light signals, that surface $\alpha$ background can be fully rejected.
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complete event by event α γ β separation in a full size teo2 cuore Bolometer by neganov luke magnified light detection
Physical Review C, 2018Co-Authors: L Berge, P De Marcillac, M Chapellier, M De Combarieu, L Dumoulin, A Giuliani, M Gros, S MarnierosAbstract:In the present work, we describe the results obtained with a large ($\approx 133$ cm$^3$) TeO$_2$ Bolometer, with a view to a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{130}$Te. We demonstrate an efficient $\alpha$ particle discrimination (99.9\%) with a high acceptance of the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal (about 96\%), expected at $\approx 2.5$ MeV. This unprecedented result was possible thanks to the superior performance (10 eV rms baseline noise) of a Neganov-Luke-assisted germanium Bolometer used to detect a tiny (70 eV) light signal from the TeO$_2$ detector, dominated by $\gamma$($\beta$)-induced Cherenkov radiation but exhibiting also a clear scintillation component. The obtained results represent a major breakthrough towards the TeO$_2$-based version of CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification (CUPID), a ton-scale cryogenic $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment proposed as a follow-up to the CUORE project with particle identification. The CUORE experiment began recently a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{130}$Te with an array of 988 125-cm$^3$ TeO$_2$ Bolometers. The lack of $\alpha$ discrimination in CUORE makes $\alpha$ decays at the detector surface the dominant background component, at the level of $\approx 0.01$ counts/(keV kg y) in the region of interest. We show here, for the first time with a CUORE-size Bolometer and using the same technology as CUORE for the readout of both heat and light signals, that surface $\alpha$ background can be fully rejected.
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complete event by event alpha gamma beta separation in a full size mathrm teo _ 2 cuore Bolometer by neganov luke magnified light detection
2018Co-Authors: L Berge, P De Marcillac, M Chapellier, M De Combarieu, L Dumoulin, A Giuliani, M Gros, S Marnieros, C Nones, V NovatiAbstract:In the present work, we describe the results obtained with a large (≈133cm3) TeO2 Bolometer, with a view to a search for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of Te130. We demonstrate an efficient α-particle discrimination (99.9%) with a high acceptance of the 0νββ signal (about 96%), expected at ≈2.5 MeV. This unprecedented result was possible thanks to the superior performance (10-eV rms baseline noise) of a Neganov-Luke-assisted germanium Bolometer used to detect a tiny (70-eV) light signal from the TeO2 detector, dominated by γ(β)-induced Cherenkov radiation but exhibiting also a clear scintillation component. The obtained results represent a major breakthrough toward the TeO2-based version of the CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification (CUPID), a ton-scale cryogenic 0νββ experiment proposed as a followup to the Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) project with particle identification. The CUORE experiment recently began a search for neutrinoless double-β decay of Te130 with an array of 988 125-cm3TeO2 Bolometers. The lack of α discrimination in CUORE makes α decays at the detector surface the dominant background component, at the level of ≈0.01 counts/(keV kg y) in the region of interest. We show here, for the first time with a CUORE-size Bolometer and using the same technology as CUORE for the readout of both heat and light signals, that surface α background can be fully rejected.
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aboveground test of an advanced li2moo4 scintillating Bolometer to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 100mo
Astroparticle Physics, 2016Co-Authors: T B Bekker, N Coron, A Giuliani, F A Danevich, Ya V Degoda, V D Grigorieva, N V Ivannikova, M Mancuso, P De MarcillacAbstract:Large lithium molybdate (Li2MoO4) crystal boules were produced by using the low thermal gradient Czochralski growth technique from deeply purified molybdenum. A small sample from one of the boules was preliminary characterized in terms of X-ray-induced and thermally-excited luminescence. A large cylindrical crystalline element (with a size of circle divide 40 x 40 mm) was used to fabricate a scintillating Bolometer, which was operated aboveground at similar to 15 mK by using a pulse-tube cryostat housing a high-power dilution refrigerator. The excellent detector performance in terms of energy resolution and alpha background suppression along with preliminary positive indications on the radiopurity of this material show the potentiality of Li2MoO4 scintillating Bolometers for low-counting experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of Mo-100. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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measurement of the l k electron capture ratio of the 207bi decay to the 1633 kev level of 207pb with a bgo scintillating Bolometer
European Physical Journal A, 2012Co-Authors: N Coron, C Cuesta, E Garcia, C Ginestra, J Gironnet, P De Marcillac, M Martinez, Y Ortigoza, C Pobes, J PuimedonAbstract:The ROSEBUD Collaboration has dedicated several underground runs to study different types of Bolometers, mainly for the search of dark matter. Some of these runs, profiting from the good energy resolution of one Bolometer of BGO and the ultra-low background of the underground laboratory of Canfranc (LSC), allowed the measurement of the L/K electron capture ratio of the 207Bi decay to the 1633 keV level of 207Pb. This paper constitutes the first published measurement of this magnitude.
A Giuliani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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complete event by event α γ β separation in a full size teo2 cuore Bolometer by neganov luke magnified light detection
Physical Review C, 2018Co-Authors: L Berge, P De Marcillac, M Chapellier, M De Combarieu, L Dumoulin, A Giuliani, M Gros, S MarnierosAbstract:In the present work, we describe the results obtained with a large ($\approx 133$ cm$^3$) TeO$_2$ Bolometer, with a view to a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{130}$Te. We demonstrate an efficient $\alpha$ particle discrimination (99.9\%) with a high acceptance of the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal (about 96\%), expected at $\approx 2.5$ MeV. This unprecedented result was possible thanks to the superior performance (10 eV rms baseline noise) of a Neganov-Luke-assisted germanium Bolometer used to detect a tiny (70 eV) light signal from the TeO$_2$ detector, dominated by $\gamma$($\beta$)-induced Cherenkov radiation but exhibiting also a clear scintillation component. The obtained results represent a major breakthrough towards the TeO$_2$-based version of CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification (CUPID), a ton-scale cryogenic $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment proposed as a follow-up to the CUORE project with particle identification. The CUORE experiment began recently a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{130}$Te with an array of 988 125-cm$^3$ TeO$_2$ Bolometers. The lack of $\alpha$ discrimination in CUORE makes $\alpha$ decays at the detector surface the dominant background component, at the level of $\approx 0.01$ counts/(keV kg y) in the region of interest. We show here, for the first time with a CUORE-size Bolometer and using the same technology as CUORE for the readout of both heat and light signals, that surface $\alpha$ background can be fully rejected.
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complete event by event alpha gamma beta separation in a full size teo _2 cuore Bolometer by simultaneous heat and light detection
Physical Review C, 2018Co-Authors: L Berge, P De Marcillac, M Chapellier, M De Combarieu, L Dumoulin, A Giuliani, M Gros, S Marnieros, C Nones, V NovatiAbstract:In the present work, we describe the results obtained with a large ($\approx 133$ cm$^3$) TeO$_2$ Bolometer, with a view to a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{130}$Te. We demonstrate an efficient $\alpha$ particle discrimination (99.9\%) with a high acceptance of the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal (about 96\%), expected at $\approx 2.5$ MeV. This unprecedented result was possible thanks to the superior performance (10 eV rms baseline noise) of a Neganov-Luke-assisted germanium Bolometer used to detect a tiny (70 eV) light signal from the TeO$_2$ detector, dominated by $\gamma$($\beta$)-induced Cherenkov radiation but exhibiting also a clear scintillation component. The obtained results represent a major breakthrough towards the TeO$_2$-based version of CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification (CUPID), a ton-scale cryogenic $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment proposed as a follow-up to the CUORE project with particle identification. The CUORE experiment began recently a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{130}$Te with an array of 988 125-cm$^3$ TeO$_2$ Bolometers. The lack of $\alpha$ discrimination in CUORE makes $\alpha$ decays at the detector surface the dominant background component, at the level of $\approx 0.01$ counts/(keV kg y) in the region of interest. We show here, for the first time with a CUORE-size Bolometer and using the same technology as CUORE for the readout of both heat and light signals, that surface $\alpha$ background can be fully rejected.
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complete event by event alpha gamma beta separation in a full size mathrm teo _ 2 cuore Bolometer by neganov luke magnified light detection
2018Co-Authors: L Berge, P De Marcillac, M Chapellier, M De Combarieu, L Dumoulin, A Giuliani, M Gros, S Marnieros, C Nones, V NovatiAbstract:In the present work, we describe the results obtained with a large (≈133cm3) TeO2 Bolometer, with a view to a search for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of Te130. We demonstrate an efficient α-particle discrimination (99.9%) with a high acceptance of the 0νββ signal (about 96%), expected at ≈2.5 MeV. This unprecedented result was possible thanks to the superior performance (10-eV rms baseline noise) of a Neganov-Luke-assisted germanium Bolometer used to detect a tiny (70-eV) light signal from the TeO2 detector, dominated by γ(β)-induced Cherenkov radiation but exhibiting also a clear scintillation component. The obtained results represent a major breakthrough toward the TeO2-based version of the CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification (CUPID), a ton-scale cryogenic 0νββ experiment proposed as a followup to the Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) project with particle identification. The CUORE experiment recently began a search for neutrinoless double-β decay of Te130 with an array of 988 125-cm3TeO2 Bolometers. The lack of α discrimination in CUORE makes α decays at the detector surface the dominant background component, at the level of ≈0.01 counts/(keV kg y) in the region of interest. We show here, for the first time with a CUORE-size Bolometer and using the same technology as CUORE for the readout of both heat and light signals, that surface α background can be fully rejected.
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aboveground test of an advanced li2moo4 scintillating Bolometer to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 100mo
Astroparticle Physics, 2016Co-Authors: T B Bekker, N Coron, A Giuliani, F A Danevich, Ya V Degoda, V D Grigorieva, N V Ivannikova, M Mancuso, P De MarcillacAbstract:Large lithium molybdate (Li2MoO4) crystal boules were produced by using the low thermal gradient Czochralski growth technique from deeply purified molybdenum. A small sample from one of the boules was preliminary characterized in terms of X-ray-induced and thermally-excited luminescence. A large cylindrical crystalline element (with a size of circle divide 40 x 40 mm) was used to fabricate a scintillating Bolometer, which was operated aboveground at similar to 15 mK by using a pulse-tube cryostat housing a high-power dilution refrigerator. The excellent detector performance in terms of energy resolution and alpha background suppression along with preliminary positive indications on the radiopurity of this material show the potentiality of Li2MoO4 scintillating Bolometers for low-counting experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of Mo-100. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
L E Bleem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrated performance of a frequency domain multiplexing readout in the spt 3g receiver
Proceedings of SPIE, 2016Co-Authors: A N Bender, B A Benson, K Arnold, J E Austermann, Peter A R Ade, Z Ahmed, A J Anderson, J S Avva, Basu R Thakur, L E BleemAbstract:The third generation receiver for the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, will make extremely deep, arcminuteresolution maps of the temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background. The SPT-3G maps will enable studies of the B-mode polarization signature, constraining primordial gravitational waves as well as the effect of massive neutrinos on structure formation in the late universe. The SPT-3G receiver will achieve exceptional sensitivity through a focal plane of ~16,000 transition-edge sensor Bolometers, an order of magnitude more than the current SPTpol receiver. SPT-3G uses a frequency domain multiplexing (fMux) scheme to read out the focal plane, combining the signals from 64 Bolometers onto a single pair of wires. The fMux readout facilitates the large number of detectors in the SPT-3G focal plane by limiting the thermal load due to readout wiring on the 250 millikelvin cryogenic stage. A second advantage of the fMux system is that the operation of each Bolometer can be optimized. In addition to these benefits, the fMux readout introduces new challenges into the design and operation of the receiver. The Bolometers are operated at a range of frequencies up to 5 MHz, requiring control of stray reactances over a large bandwidth. Additionally, crosstalk between multiplexed detectors will inject large false signals into the data if not adequately mitigated. SPT-3G is scheduled to deploy to the South Pole Telescope in late 2016. Here, we present the pre-deployment performance of the fMux readout system with the SPT-3G focal plane.
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fabrication of large dual polarized multichroic tes Bolometer arrays for cmb measurements with the spt 3g camera
Superconductor Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: C M Posada, A N Bender, K Arnold, J E Austermann, Peter A R Ade, Z Ahmed, L E BleemAbstract:This work presents the procedures used at Argonne National Laboratory to fabricate large arrays of multichroic transition-edge sensor (TES) Bolometers for cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements. These detectors will be assembled into the focal plane for the SPT-3G camera, the third generation CMB camera to be installed in the South Pole Telescope. The complete SPT-3G camera will have approximately 2690 pixels, for a total of 16 140 TES bolometric detectors. Each pixel is comprised of a broad-band sinuous antenna coupled to a Nb microstrip line. In-line filters are used to define the different bands before the millimeter-wavelength signal is fed to the respective Ti/Au TES Bolometers. There are six TES Bolometer detectors per pixel, which allow for measurements of three band-passes (95, 150 and 220 GHz) and two polarizations. The steps involved in the monolithic fabrication of these detector arrays are presented here in detail. Patterns are defined using a combination of stepper and contact lithography. The misalignment between layers is kept below 200 nm. The overall fabrication involves a total of 16 processes, including reactive and magnetron sputtering, reactive ion etching, inductively coupled plasma etching and chemical etching.
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sptpol an instrument for cmb polarization measurements with the south pole telescope
arXiv: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 2012Co-Authors: J E Austermann, A N Bender, K A Aird, B A Benson, L E Bleem, J E Carlstrom, D Becker, J Britton, James A BeallAbstract:SPTpol is a dual-frequency polarization-sensitive camera that was deployed on the 10-meter South Pole Telescope in January 2012. SPTpol will measure the polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales spanning an arcminute to several degrees. The polarization sensitivity of SPTpol will enable a detection of the CMB "B-mode" polarization from the detection of the gravitational lensing of the CMB by large scale structure, and a detection or improved upper limit on a primordial signal due to inflationary gravity waves. The two measurements can be used to constrain the sum of the neutrino masses and the energy scale of inflation. These science goals can be achieved through the polarization sensitivity of the SPTpol camera and careful control of systematics. The SPTpol camera consists of 768 pixels, each containing two transition-edge sensor (TES) Bolometers coupled to orthogonal polarizations, and a total of 1536 Bolometers. The pixels are sensitive to light in one of two frequency bands centered at 90 and 150 GHz, with 180 pixels at 90 GHz and 588 pixels at 150 GHz. The SPTpol design has several features designed to control polarization systematics, including: single-moded feedhorns with low cross-polarization, Bolometer pairs well-matched to difference atmospheric signals, an improved ground shield design based on far-sidelobe measurements of the SPT, and a small beam to reduce temperature to polarization leakage. We present an overview of the SPTpol instrument design, project status, and science projections.
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frequency multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readout of large Bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background measurements
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012Co-Authors: M Dobbs, A N Bender, C L Chang, M Lueker, K A Aird, B A Benson, L E Bleem, J E Carlstrom, H M ChoAbstract:A technological milestone for experiments employing transition edge sensor Bolometers operating at sub-Kelvin temperature is the deployment of detector arrays with 100s–1000s of Bolometers. One key technology for such arrays is readout multiplexing: the ability to read out many sensors simultaneously on the same set of wires. This paper describes a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system which has been developed for and deployed on the APEX-SZ and South Pole Telescope millimeter wavelength receivers. In this system, the detector array is divided into modules of seven detectors, and each Bolometer within the module is biased with a unique ∼MHz sinusoidal carrier such that the individual Bolometer signals are well separated in frequency space. The currents from all Bolometers in a module are summed together and pre-amplified with superconducting quantum interference devices operating at 4 K. Room temperature electronics demodulate the carriers to recover the Bolometer signals, which are digitized separately and stored to disk. This readout system contributes little noise relative to the detectors themselves, is remarkably insensitive to unwanted microphonic excitations, and provides a technology pathway to multiplexing larger numbers of sensors.
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frequency multiplexed squid readout of large Bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background measurements
arXiv: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 2011Co-Authors: M Dobbs, C L Chang, M Lueker, K A Aird, B A Benson, L E Bleem, J E Carlstrom, H M Cho, Andreas Bender, John ClarkeAbstract:A technological milestone for experiments employing Transition Edge Sensor (TES) Bolometers operating at sub-kelvin temperature is the deployment of detector arrays with 100s--1000s of Bolometers. One key technology for such arrays is readout multiplexing: the ability to read out many sensors simultaneously on the same set of wires. This paper describes a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system which has been developed for and deployed on the APEX-SZ and South Pole Telescope millimeter wavelength receivers. In this system, the detector array is divided into modules of seven detectors, and each Bolometer within the module is biased with a unique ~MHz sinusoidal carrier such that the individual Bolometer signals are well separated in frequency space. The currents from all Bolometers in a module are summed together and pre-amplified with Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) operating at 4 K. Room-temperature electronics demodulate the carriers to recover the Bolometer signals, which are digitized separately and stored to disk. This readout system contributes little noise relative to the detectors themselves, is remarkably insensitive to unwanted microphonic excitations, and provides a technology pathway to multiplexing larger numbers of sensors.
J E Austermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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studies of systematic uncertainties for simons observatory detector array effects
Millimeter Submillimeter and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX 2018, 2018Co-Authors: Kevin T Crowley, J E Austermann, Sara M Simon, Max Silvafeaver, Neil Goecknerwald, Aamir Ali, Michael L Brown, Y Chinone, Ari Cukierman, Bradley DoberAbstract:In this proceeding, we present studies of instrumental systematic effects for the Simons Obsevatory (SO) that are associated with the detector system and its interaction with the full SO experimental systems. SO will measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropies over a wide range of angular scales in six bands with bandcenters spanning from 27 GHz to 270 GHz. We explore effects including intensity-to-polarization leakage due to coupling optics, Bolometer nonlinearity, uncalibrated gain variations of Bolometers, and readout crosstalk. We model the level of signal contamination, discuss proposed mitigation schemes, and present instrument requirements to inform the design of SO and future CMB projects.
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integrated performance of a frequency domain multiplexing readout in the spt 3g receiver
Proceedings of SPIE, 2016Co-Authors: A N Bender, B A Benson, K Arnold, J E Austermann, Peter A R Ade, Z Ahmed, A J Anderson, J S Avva, Basu R Thakur, L E BleemAbstract:The third generation receiver for the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, will make extremely deep, arcminuteresolution maps of the temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background. The SPT-3G maps will enable studies of the B-mode polarization signature, constraining primordial gravitational waves as well as the effect of massive neutrinos on structure formation in the late universe. The SPT-3G receiver will achieve exceptional sensitivity through a focal plane of ~16,000 transition-edge sensor Bolometers, an order of magnitude more than the current SPTpol receiver. SPT-3G uses a frequency domain multiplexing (fMux) scheme to read out the focal plane, combining the signals from 64 Bolometers onto a single pair of wires. The fMux readout facilitates the large number of detectors in the SPT-3G focal plane by limiting the thermal load due to readout wiring on the 250 millikelvin cryogenic stage. A second advantage of the fMux system is that the operation of each Bolometer can be optimized. In addition to these benefits, the fMux readout introduces new challenges into the design and operation of the receiver. The Bolometers are operated at a range of frequencies up to 5 MHz, requiring control of stray reactances over a large bandwidth. Additionally, crosstalk between multiplexed detectors will inject large false signals into the data if not adequately mitigated. SPT-3G is scheduled to deploy to the South Pole Telescope in late 2016. Here, we present the pre-deployment performance of the fMux readout system with the SPT-3G focal plane.
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design of 280 ghz feedhorn coupled tes arrays for the balloon borne polarimeter spider
Proceedings of SPIE, 2016Co-Authors: Johannes Hubmayr, Daniel T Becker, Sean Bryan, Shannon M Duff, J E Austermann, S J Benton, James A Beall, Stevie A Bergman, Richard J Bond, Adri J DuivenvoordenAbstract:We describe 280 GHz bolometric detector arrays that instrument the balloon-borne polarimeter spider. A primary science goal of spider is to measure the large-scale B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (cmb) in search of the cosmic-inflation, gravitational-wave signature. 280 GHz channels aid this science goal by constraining the level of B-mode contamination from galactic dust emission. We present the focal plane unit design, which consists of a 16x16 array of conical, corrugated feedhorns coupled to a monolithic detector array fabricated on a 150 mm diameter silicon wafer. Detector arrays are capable of polarimetric sensing via waveguide probe-coupling to a multiplexed array of transition-edge-sensor (TES) Bolometers. The spider receiver has three focal plane units at 280 GHz, which in total contains 765 spatial pixels and 1,530 polarization sensitive Bolometers. By fabrication and measurement of single feedhorns, we demonstrate 14.7° FHWM Gaussian-shaped beams with <1% ellipticity in a 30% fractional bandwidth centered at 280 GHz. We present electromagnetic simulations of the detection circuit, which show 94% band-averaged, single-polarization coupling efficiency, 3% reflection and 3% radiative loss. Lastly, we demonstrate a low thermal conductance Bolometer, which is well-described by a simple TES model and exhibits an electrical noise equivalent power (NEP) = 2.6 x 10^(-17) W/√Hz, consistent with the phonon noise prediction.
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fabrication of large dual polarized multichroic tes Bolometer arrays for cmb measurements with the spt 3g camera
Superconductor Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: C M Posada, A N Bender, K Arnold, J E Austermann, Peter A R Ade, Z Ahmed, L E BleemAbstract:This work presents the procedures used at Argonne National Laboratory to fabricate large arrays of multichroic transition-edge sensor (TES) Bolometers for cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements. These detectors will be assembled into the focal plane for the SPT-3G camera, the third generation CMB camera to be installed in the South Pole Telescope. The complete SPT-3G camera will have approximately 2690 pixels, for a total of 16 140 TES bolometric detectors. Each pixel is comprised of a broad-band sinuous antenna coupled to a Nb microstrip line. In-line filters are used to define the different bands before the millimeter-wavelength signal is fed to the respective Ti/Au TES Bolometers. There are six TES Bolometer detectors per pixel, which allow for measurements of three band-passes (95, 150 and 220 GHz) and two polarizations. The steps involved in the monolithic fabrication of these detector arrays are presented here in detail. Patterns are defined using a combination of stepper and contact lithography. The misalignment between layers is kept below 200 nm. The overall fabrication involves a total of 16 processes, including reactive and magnetron sputtering, reactive ion etching, inductively coupled plasma etching and chemical etching.
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sptpol an instrument for cmb polarization measurements with the south pole telescope
arXiv: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 2012Co-Authors: J E Austermann, A N Bender, K A Aird, B A Benson, L E Bleem, J E Carlstrom, D Becker, J Britton, James A BeallAbstract:SPTpol is a dual-frequency polarization-sensitive camera that was deployed on the 10-meter South Pole Telescope in January 2012. SPTpol will measure the polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales spanning an arcminute to several degrees. The polarization sensitivity of SPTpol will enable a detection of the CMB "B-mode" polarization from the detection of the gravitational lensing of the CMB by large scale structure, and a detection or improved upper limit on a primordial signal due to inflationary gravity waves. The two measurements can be used to constrain the sum of the neutrino masses and the energy scale of inflation. These science goals can be achieved through the polarization sensitivity of the SPTpol camera and careful control of systematics. The SPTpol camera consists of 768 pixels, each containing two transition-edge sensor (TES) Bolometers coupled to orthogonal polarizations, and a total of 1536 Bolometers. The pixels are sensitive to light in one of two frequency bands centered at 90 and 150 GHz, with 180 pixels at 90 GHz and 588 pixels at 150 GHz. The SPTpol design has several features designed to control polarization systematics, including: single-moded feedhorns with low cross-polarization, Bolometer pairs well-matched to difference atmospheric signals, an improved ground shield design based on far-sidelobe measurements of the SPT, and a small beam to reduce temperature to polarization leakage. We present an overview of the SPTpol instrument design, project status, and science projections.
Iiro Sallinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bolometer operating at the threshold for circuit quantum electrodynamics
Nature, 2020Co-Authors: Roope Kokkoniemi, Jeanphilippe Girard, Dibyendu Hazra, Antti Laitinen, J Govenius, Russell Lake, Iiro SallinenAbstract:Radiation sensors based on the heating effect of absorbed radiation are typically simple to operate and flexible in terms of input frequency, so they are widely used in gas detection1, security2, terahertz imaging3, astrophysical observations4 and medical applications5. Several important applications are currently emerging from quantum technology and especially from electrical circuits that behave quantum mechanically, that is, circuit quantum electrodynamics6. This field has given rise to single-photon microwave detectors7-9 and a quantum computer that is superior to classical supercomputers for certain tasks10. Thermal sensors hold potential for enhancing such devices because they do not add quantum noise and they are smaller, simpler and consume about six orders of magnitude less power than the frequently used travelling-wave parametric amplifiers11. However, despite great progress in the speed12 and noise levels13 of thermal sensors, no Bolometer has previously met the threshold for circuit quantum electrodynamics, which lies at a time constant of a few hundred nanoseconds and a simultaneous energy resolution of the order of 10h gigahertz (where h is the Planck constant). Here we experimentally demonstrate a Bolometer that operates at this threshold, with a noise-equivalent power of 30 zeptowatts per square-root hertz, comparable to the lowest value reported so far13, at a thermal time constant two orders of magnitude shorter, at 500 nanoseconds. Both of these values are measured directly on the same device, giving an accurate estimation of 30h gigahertz for the calorimetric energy resolution. These improvements stem from the use of a graphene monolayer with extremely low specific heat14 as the active material. The minimum observed time constant of 200 nanoseconds is well below the dephasing times of roughly 100 microseconds reported for superconducting qubits15 and matches the timescales of currently used readout schemes16,17, thus enabling circuit quantum electrodynamics applications for Bolometers.
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Bolometer operating at the threshold for circuit quantum electrodynamics
Nature, 2020Co-Authors: Roope Kokkoniemi, Jeanphilippe Girard, Dibyendu Hazra, Antti Laitinen, J Govenius, Russell Lake, Iiro SallinenAbstract:Radiation sensors based on the heating effect of absorbed radiation are typically simple to operate and flexible in terms of input frequency, so they are widely used in gas detection1, security2, terahertz imaging3, astrophysical observations4 and medical applications5. Several important applications are currently emerging from quantum technology and especially from electrical circuits that behave quantum mechanically, that is, circuit quantum electrodynamics6. This field has given rise to single-photon microwave detectors7–9 and a quantum computer that is superior to classical supercomputers for certain tasks10. Thermal sensors hold potential for enhancing such devices because they do not add quantum noise and they are smaller, simpler and consume about six orders of magnitude less power than the frequently used travelling-wave parametric amplifiers11. However, despite great progress in the speed12 and noise levels13 of thermal sensors, no Bolometer has previously met the threshold for circuit quantum electrodynamics, which lies at a time constant of a few hundred nanoseconds and a simultaneous energy resolution of the order of 10h gigahertz (where h is the Planck constant). Here we experimentally demonstrate a Bolometer that operates at this threshold, with a noise-equivalent power of 30 zeptowatts per square-root hertz, comparable to the lowest value reported so far13, at a thermal time constant two orders of magnitude shorter, at 500 nanoseconds. Both of these values are measured directly on the same device, giving an accurate estimation of 30h gigahertz for the calorimetric energy resolution. These improvements stem from the use of a graphene monolayer with extremely low specific heat14 as the active material. The minimum observed time constant of 200 nanoseconds is well below the dephasing times of roughly 100 microseconds reported for superconducting qubits15 and matches the timescales of currently used readout schemes16,17, thus enabling circuit quantum electrodynamics applications for Bolometers. A thermal detector based on a graphene monolayer operates at the threshold for circuit quantum electrodynamics applications, achieving a minimum time constant of 200 ns.