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Leonhard Schnittger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reclassification of theileria annae as babesia vulpes sp nov
    Parasites & Vectors, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gad Baneth, Monica Florinchristensen, Luis Cardoso, Leonhard Schnittger
    Abstract:

    Theileria annae is a tick-transmitted small piroplasmid that infects dogs and foxes in North America and Europe. Due to disagreement on its placement in the Theileria or Babesia genera, several synonyms have been used for this parasite, including Babesia Spanish dog isolate, Babesia microti-like, Babesia (Theileria) annae, and Babesia cf. microti. Infections by this parasite cause anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia in dogs but are mostly subclinical in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Furthermore, high infection rates have been detected among red fox populations in distant regions strongly suggesting that these canines act as the parasite’s natural host. This study aims to reassess and harmonize the phylogenetic placement and binomen of T. annae within the order Piroplasmida. Four molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using a maximum likelihood algorithm based on DNA alignments of: (i) near-complete 18S rRNA gene sequences (n = 76 and n = 93), (ii) near-complete and incomplete 18S rRNA gene sequences (n = 92), and (iii) tubulin-beta gene sequences (n = 32) from B. microti and B. microti-related parasites including those detected in dogs and foxes. All phylogenetic trees demonstrate that T. annae and its synonyms are not Theileria parasites but are most closely related with B. microti. The phylogenetic tree based on the 18S rRNA gene forms two separate branches with high Bootstrap Value, of which one branch corresponds to Babesia species infecting rodents, humans, and macaques, while the other corresponds to species exclusively infecting carnivores. Within the carnivore group, T. annae and its synonyms from distant regions segregate into a single clade with a highly significant Bootstrap Value corroborating their separate species identity. Phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that T. annae and its synonyms do not pertain to Theileria and can be clearly defined as a separate species. Based on the facts that T. annae and its synonyms have not been shown to have a leukocyte stage, as expected in Theileria, do not infect humans and rodents as B. microti, and cluster phylogenetically as a separate species, this study proposes to name this parasite Babesia vulpes sp. nov., after its natural host, the red fox V. vulpes.

Monica Florinchristensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reclassification of theileria annae as babesia vulpes sp nov
    Parasites & Vectors, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gad Baneth, Monica Florinchristensen, Luis Cardoso, Leonhard Schnittger
    Abstract:

    Theileria annae is a tick-transmitted small piroplasmid that infects dogs and foxes in North America and Europe. Due to disagreement on its placement in the Theileria or Babesia genera, several synonyms have been used for this parasite, including Babesia Spanish dog isolate, Babesia microti-like, Babesia (Theileria) annae, and Babesia cf. microti. Infections by this parasite cause anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia in dogs but are mostly subclinical in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Furthermore, high infection rates have been detected among red fox populations in distant regions strongly suggesting that these canines act as the parasite’s natural host. This study aims to reassess and harmonize the phylogenetic placement and binomen of T. annae within the order Piroplasmida. Four molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using a maximum likelihood algorithm based on DNA alignments of: (i) near-complete 18S rRNA gene sequences (n = 76 and n = 93), (ii) near-complete and incomplete 18S rRNA gene sequences (n = 92), and (iii) tubulin-beta gene sequences (n = 32) from B. microti and B. microti-related parasites including those detected in dogs and foxes. All phylogenetic trees demonstrate that T. annae and its synonyms are not Theileria parasites but are most closely related with B. microti. The phylogenetic tree based on the 18S rRNA gene forms two separate branches with high Bootstrap Value, of which one branch corresponds to Babesia species infecting rodents, humans, and macaques, while the other corresponds to species exclusively infecting carnivores. Within the carnivore group, T. annae and its synonyms from distant regions segregate into a single clade with a highly significant Bootstrap Value corroborating their separate species identity. Phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that T. annae and its synonyms do not pertain to Theileria and can be clearly defined as a separate species. Based on the facts that T. annae and its synonyms have not been shown to have a leukocyte stage, as expected in Theileria, do not infect humans and rodents as B. microti, and cluster phylogenetically as a separate species, this study proposes to name this parasite Babesia vulpes sp. nov., after its natural host, the red fox V. vulpes.

Gad Baneth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reclassification of theileria annae as babesia vulpes sp nov
    Parasites & Vectors, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gad Baneth, Monica Florinchristensen, Luis Cardoso, Leonhard Schnittger
    Abstract:

    Theileria annae is a tick-transmitted small piroplasmid that infects dogs and foxes in North America and Europe. Due to disagreement on its placement in the Theileria or Babesia genera, several synonyms have been used for this parasite, including Babesia Spanish dog isolate, Babesia microti-like, Babesia (Theileria) annae, and Babesia cf. microti. Infections by this parasite cause anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia in dogs but are mostly subclinical in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Furthermore, high infection rates have been detected among red fox populations in distant regions strongly suggesting that these canines act as the parasite’s natural host. This study aims to reassess and harmonize the phylogenetic placement and binomen of T. annae within the order Piroplasmida. Four molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using a maximum likelihood algorithm based on DNA alignments of: (i) near-complete 18S rRNA gene sequences (n = 76 and n = 93), (ii) near-complete and incomplete 18S rRNA gene sequences (n = 92), and (iii) tubulin-beta gene sequences (n = 32) from B. microti and B. microti-related parasites including those detected in dogs and foxes. All phylogenetic trees demonstrate that T. annae and its synonyms are not Theileria parasites but are most closely related with B. microti. The phylogenetic tree based on the 18S rRNA gene forms two separate branches with high Bootstrap Value, of which one branch corresponds to Babesia species infecting rodents, humans, and macaques, while the other corresponds to species exclusively infecting carnivores. Within the carnivore group, T. annae and its synonyms from distant regions segregate into a single clade with a highly significant Bootstrap Value corroborating their separate species identity. Phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that T. annae and its synonyms do not pertain to Theileria and can be clearly defined as a separate species. Based on the facts that T. annae and its synonyms have not been shown to have a leukocyte stage, as expected in Theileria, do not infect humans and rodents as B. microti, and cluster phylogenetically as a separate species, this study proposes to name this parasite Babesia vulpes sp. nov., after its natural host, the red fox V. vulpes.

Katsuhiko Kondo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • molecular phylogeny of ochrosia sensu lato apocynaceae based on rps16 intron and its sequence data supporting the inclusion of neisosperma
    Chromosome Botany, 2007
    Co-Authors: Katsuhiko Kondo
    Abstract:

    Molecular phylogeny of Ochrosia sensu lato (Ochrosia sensu stricto and Neisosperma) was investigated by maximum parsimony analysis of sequence data from chloroplast DNA (rps16 intron) and rps16 intron + Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Nineteen species including two varieties (23 accessions) were defined as the ingroup, comprising ten species of Ochrosia s.str. and nine species of Neisosperma. For analysis using rps16 intron region, Rauvolfia sumatrana, R. verticillata and R. serpentina, Vinca major, and V. minor of the tribe Vinceae were used as the outgroup. The aims of this study are to evaluate the usefulness of rps16 intron to infer phylogenetic relationships within Ochrosia sensu lato and to confirm conclusions from previous analysis. In this study, rps16 region was proved to be sufficiently informative to infer phylogenetic relationships at infrageneric level. The strict consensus of most parsimonious trees produced from rps16 sequences data showed that Ochrosia species formed a monophyletic clade highly supported with 97% Bootstrap Value, whilst Neisosperma was paraphyletic. The Ochrosia clade was found to be nested within Neisosperma, with N.acuminata as a sister taxon to it. All Ochrosia and Neisosperma species were grouped into one clade. However, this clade was not well supported (only has 61% Bootstrap Value). Consequently, although the results does not contradict recognizing only one genus (Ochrosia sensu lato), but it is not convincing enough. The strict consensus tree produced from sequence data analysis using rps16 intron + ITS showed a more robust monophyletic clade of Ochrosia sensu lato, supported with 100% Bootstrap Value. Neisosperma - again - was found to be paraphyletic, with monophyletic clade of Ochrosia (strongly supported with 93% Bootstrap Value) nested within, suggesting the inclusion of Neisosperma into Ochrosia and recognition of only one genus. These findings supported our previous result, using ITS region.

  • molecular phylogeny of ochrosia sensu lato apocynaceae based on its sequences data an evidence for the inclusion of neisosperma
    Chromosome Botany, 2007
    Co-Authors: Katsuhiko Kondo
    Abstract:

    Molecular phylogeny of Ochrosia sensu lato (Ochrosia sensu stricto and Neisosperma) was investigated by maximum parsimony analysis of sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Twenty-one species including two varieties (25 accessions), were defined as the ingroup. Three outgroup species were selected from tribe Vinceae (Kopsia arborea, K. flavida, and Rauvolfia serpentina). The ITS sequence data showed that Ochrosia s.l. is a highly defined monophyletic group (supported with 100% Bootstrap Value). As shown in the strict consensus tree, all Neisosperma species were placed at the basal part of the tree with N. glomerata and N. nakaiana as the basalmost taxa. All species belong to Ochrosia s.str. were grouped into one clade and nested within Neisosperma resulting in monophyletic Ochrosia s.str. and paraphyletic Neisosperma. This suggested that Neisosperma should be included into Ochrosia, and the two groups are treated as a single genus. The analysis also showed that subdivision of Ochrosia s.l. into sections based on fruit morphology (fibrous vs. massive and thick endocarp) is not supported.

Luis Cardoso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reclassification of theileria annae as babesia vulpes sp nov
    Parasites & Vectors, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gad Baneth, Monica Florinchristensen, Luis Cardoso, Leonhard Schnittger
    Abstract:

    Theileria annae is a tick-transmitted small piroplasmid that infects dogs and foxes in North America and Europe. Due to disagreement on its placement in the Theileria or Babesia genera, several synonyms have been used for this parasite, including Babesia Spanish dog isolate, Babesia microti-like, Babesia (Theileria) annae, and Babesia cf. microti. Infections by this parasite cause anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia in dogs but are mostly subclinical in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Furthermore, high infection rates have been detected among red fox populations in distant regions strongly suggesting that these canines act as the parasite’s natural host. This study aims to reassess and harmonize the phylogenetic placement and binomen of T. annae within the order Piroplasmida. Four molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using a maximum likelihood algorithm based on DNA alignments of: (i) near-complete 18S rRNA gene sequences (n = 76 and n = 93), (ii) near-complete and incomplete 18S rRNA gene sequences (n = 92), and (iii) tubulin-beta gene sequences (n = 32) from B. microti and B. microti-related parasites including those detected in dogs and foxes. All phylogenetic trees demonstrate that T. annae and its synonyms are not Theileria parasites but are most closely related with B. microti. The phylogenetic tree based on the 18S rRNA gene forms two separate branches with high Bootstrap Value, of which one branch corresponds to Babesia species infecting rodents, humans, and macaques, while the other corresponds to species exclusively infecting carnivores. Within the carnivore group, T. annae and its synonyms from distant regions segregate into a single clade with a highly significant Bootstrap Value corroborating their separate species identity. Phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that T. annae and its synonyms do not pertain to Theileria and can be clearly defined as a separate species. Based on the facts that T. annae and its synonyms have not been shown to have a leukocyte stage, as expected in Theileria, do not infect humans and rodents as B. microti, and cluster phylogenetically as a separate species, this study proposes to name this parasite Babesia vulpes sp. nov., after its natural host, the red fox V. vulpes.