The Experts below are selected from a list of 74139 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Judith M. Espinosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Border Sharing: Transportation and the Environment in the US-Mexico Border Region
2000Co-Authors: Kristan Cockerill, Judith M. EspinosaAbstract:The links between transportation and the environment have a long history in the US-Mexico Border Region. Modern attempts to increase and improve transportation in the Region have generated the need for reliable information concerning the Border environment. To help meet this need, researchers at the Alliance for Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) created a unique resource for Border Region Information on Transportation and the Environment (BRITE). BRITE's purpose is to provide relevant environmental information to governmental and nongovernmental agencies, interest groups, and individuals working along the US-Mexico Border. ATRI continues to build BRITE in segments specific to environmental media. BRITE is as much a process as a product and it will never be 'complete'. This paper discusses how state and local planners as well as interest groups might best utilize the information available in BRITE to develop sound environmental policy to enable the Region to promote sustainable transportation.
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DEVELOPING TRANSPORTATION-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FOR THE UNITED STATES-MEXICO Border Region
Transportation Research Record, 1999Co-Authors: Kristan Cockerill, Judith M. EspinosaAbstract:Stressing the strong ties between transportation and environmental concerns, researchers at the Alliance for Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) developed a unique repository for Border Region Information on Transportation and the Environment (BRITE). BRITE's purpose is to provide relevant environmental information to transportation agencies and planners working in the United States-Mexico Border Region. BRITE is being created in phases, but it is not a static entity and will never be "complete." Each BRITE segment is generated from an extensive literature review. This paper provides an example of how the information from the literature review can be applied to developing better monitoring programs and better environmental policy relevant to transportation in the Border Region. Using the information gathered in the first BRITE segment, the authors identified alternative monitoring methods to assist agencies in ensuring compliance. The authors conclude that successful monitoring involves gathering dat...
S Heegaard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Structure of the vitreoretinal Border Region in spontaneously diabetic BB rats.
Acta ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: S HeegaardAbstract:The morphology of the vitreoretinal Border Region, also termed the inner limiting membrane, was examined in spontaneously diabetic rats (BB rats), in non-diabetes-prone rats (WB rats) and in Buffalo rats (BUF rats) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This was performed in order to visualize a possible increase in thickness of the lamina densa or in the whole vitreoretinal Border Region complex with duration of diabetes. The median thickness of the lamina densa in the three groups varied between 34 and 68 nm. In BB rats the thickness decreased with age and duration of diabetes. In WB rats the lamina densa thickened up to the 9th month and then decreased to the level of the young rats. In BUF rats the lamina densa decreased in thickness with age. The median thickness of the whole vitreoretinal Border Region varied between: BB rats: 84 and 126 nm (SEM) and 68 and 119 nm (TEM); WB rats: 42 and 84 nm (SEM) and 51 and 68 nm (TEM); BUF rats: 42 nm (SEM) and 34 and 68 nm (TEM). In BB rats the whole vitreoretinal Border Region appeared in SEM to thicken with duration of diabetes > or = 27 weeks, whereas in TEM no specific pattern could be statistically demonstrated. In WB rats the whole vitreoretinal Border Region was thinner in 3-month-old animals than in 9-month-old animals in (SEM) and TEM. In BUF rats there was no difference in thickness between young and older animals. Light microscopy of older diabetic animals showed neovascularization of the iris stroma.
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Morphology of the vitreoretinal Border Region
Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement, 1997Co-Authors: S HeegaardAbstract:Membrana limitans interna retinae (MLI) has been studied since 1871 and in structure and composition have been discussed since then. With the use of electron microscopes when studying the MLI a new terminology has been introduced, i.e. the vitreoretinal Border Region (VBR). In this survey, ther general concept of basement membranes has been applied to the VBR. The VBR consists of two major components. The inner: anchoring fibrils of the vitreous body and the outer: MLI. The MLI is further defined as composed of three structures: the fusing points of the anchoring vitreous fibrils, lamina densa and lamina lucida. Stress forces between the retina and the vitreous body are transmitted via this Border Region, and may cause severe clinical conditions such as retinal detachment. To investigate this Border Region morphologically, improvements in the conventional preparation technique for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were found to be necessary in order to exhibit more details of the VBR. A new rapid procedure for desiccating frozen resin-cracked retinal tissue using hexamethyldisilazane was found to be appropriate. Sixteen pairs of normal eyes, 16 pairs of monkey eyes, 55 pairs of non-normal eyes from different animal species, enzyme digested monkey retinas and the retinas of two rat models with diabetes and hypertension respectively were investigated. In addition to SEM, the vitreoretinal Border Region was also investigated by means of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The material was analyzed morphometrically. The human MLI increases markedly in thickness during the first months/years of life in the equatorial and macular Regions. The thickness is stable from the second decade, and remains unchanged throughout subsequent decades. A Regional difference in thickness of the MLI was found in all human adult eyes and in monkey eyes; it was thickest in the macular Region. The length of vitreous fibrils close to the MLI also varied between the four Regions in human eyes, the longest being in the ora serrata Region, the second longest in the equatorial Region, the next longest in the optic disc Region and the shortest in the macular Region. A morphological similarity in the appearance of the VBR was found in humans and monkeys. All other animals, except for cephalopods, showed a marked uniformity of the VBR. The enzyme-digested monkey retinas showed the fibrillar meshwork of the VBR to consist mainly of collagen fibers surrounded predominantly by hyaluronic acid. No firm correlation between thickness of the VBR and diabetes or hypertension could be demonstrated in the two animal models.
Kristan Cockerill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Border Sharing: Transportation and the Environment in the US-Mexico Border Region
2000Co-Authors: Kristan Cockerill, Judith M. EspinosaAbstract:The links between transportation and the environment have a long history in the US-Mexico Border Region. Modern attempts to increase and improve transportation in the Region have generated the need for reliable information concerning the Border environment. To help meet this need, researchers at the Alliance for Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) created a unique resource for Border Region Information on Transportation and the Environment (BRITE). BRITE's purpose is to provide relevant environmental information to governmental and nongovernmental agencies, interest groups, and individuals working along the US-Mexico Border. ATRI continues to build BRITE in segments specific to environmental media. BRITE is as much a process as a product and it will never be 'complete'. This paper discusses how state and local planners as well as interest groups might best utilize the information available in BRITE to develop sound environmental policy to enable the Region to promote sustainable transportation.
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DEVELOPING TRANSPORTATION-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FOR THE UNITED STATES-MEXICO Border Region
Transportation Research Record, 1999Co-Authors: Kristan Cockerill, Judith M. EspinosaAbstract:Stressing the strong ties between transportation and environmental concerns, researchers at the Alliance for Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) developed a unique repository for Border Region Information on Transportation and the Environment (BRITE). BRITE's purpose is to provide relevant environmental information to transportation agencies and planners working in the United States-Mexico Border Region. BRITE is being created in phases, but it is not a static entity and will never be "complete." Each BRITE segment is generated from an extensive literature review. This paper provides an example of how the information from the literature review can be applied to developing better monitoring programs and better environmental policy relevant to transportation in the Border Region. Using the information gathered in the first BRITE segment, the authors identified alternative monitoring methods to assist agencies in ensuring compliance. The authors conclude that successful monitoring involves gathering dat...
Sanjay Mehta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hiv transmission networks in the san diego tijuana Border Region
EBioMedicine, 2015Co-Authors: Sanjay Mehta, Joel O. Wertheim, Kimberly C. Brouwer, Karla D. Wagner, Antoine Chaillon, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Thomas L. Patterson, Maria Gudelia Rangel, Mlenka VargasAbstract:Abstract Background HIV sequence data can be used to reconstruct local transmission networks. Along international Borders, like the San Diego–Tijuana Region, understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission across reported risks, racial/ethnic groups, and geography can help direct effective prevention efforts on both sides of the Border. Methods We gathered sociodemographic, geographic, clinical, and viral sequence data from HIV infected individuals participating in ten studies in the San Diego–Tijuana Border Region. Phylogenetic and network analysis was performed to infer putative relationships between HIV sequences. Correlates of identified clusters were evaluated and spatiotemporal relationships were explored using Bayesian phylogeographic analysis. Findings After quality filtering, 843 HIV sequences with associated demographic data and 263 background sequences from the Region were analyzed, and 138 clusters were inferred (2–23 individuals). Overall, the rate of clustering did not differ by ethnicity, residence, or sex, but bisexuals were less likely to cluster than heterosexuals or men who have sex with men ( p =0.043), and individuals identifying as white ( p ≤0.01) were more likely to cluster than other races. Clustering individuals were also 3.5years younger than non-clustering individuals ( p Interpretation This study sampled ~7% of HIV infected individuals in the Border Region, and although the sampled networks on each side of the Border were largely separate, there was evidence of persistent bidirectional cross-Border transmissions that linked risk groups, thus highlighting the importance of the Border Region as a "melting pot" of risk groups. Funding NIH, VA, and Pendleton Foundation.
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HIV Transmission Networks in the San Diego–Tijuana Border Region
EBioMedicine, 2015Co-Authors: Sanjay Mehta, Joel O. Wertheim, Kimberly C. Brouwer, Karla D. Wagner, Antoine Chaillon, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Thomas L. Patterson, Maria Gudelia Rangel, Mlenka Vargas, Ben MurrellAbstract:Abstract Background HIV sequence data can be used to reconstruct local transmission networks. Along international Borders, like the San Diego–Tijuana Region, understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission across reported risks, racial/ethnic groups, and geography can help direct effective prevention efforts on both sides of the Border. Methods We gathered sociodemographic, geographic, clinical, and viral sequence data from HIV infected individuals participating in ten studies in the San Diego–Tijuana Border Region. Phylogenetic and network analysis was performed to infer putative relationships between HIV sequences. Correlates of identified clusters were evaluated and spatiotemporal relationships were explored using Bayesian phylogeographic analysis. Findings After quality filtering, 843 HIV sequences with associated demographic data and 263 background sequences from the Region were analyzed, and 138 clusters were inferred (2–23 individuals). Overall, the rate of clustering did not differ by ethnicity, residence, or sex, but bisexuals were less likely to cluster than heterosexuals or men who have sex with men ( p =0.043), and individuals identifying as white ( p ≤0.01) were more likely to cluster than other races. Clustering individuals were also 3.5years younger than non-clustering individuals ( p Interpretation This study sampled ~7% of HIV infected individuals in the Border Region, and although the sampled networks on each side of the Border were largely separate, there was evidence of persistent bidirectional cross-Border transmissions that linked risk groups, thus highlighting the importance of the Border Region as a "melting pot" of risk groups. Funding NIH, VA, and Pendleton Foundation.
Mlenka Vargas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hiv transmission networks in the san diego tijuana Border Region
EBioMedicine, 2015Co-Authors: Sanjay Mehta, Joel O. Wertheim, Kimberly C. Brouwer, Karla D. Wagner, Antoine Chaillon, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Thomas L. Patterson, Maria Gudelia Rangel, Mlenka VargasAbstract:Abstract Background HIV sequence data can be used to reconstruct local transmission networks. Along international Borders, like the San Diego–Tijuana Region, understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission across reported risks, racial/ethnic groups, and geography can help direct effective prevention efforts on both sides of the Border. Methods We gathered sociodemographic, geographic, clinical, and viral sequence data from HIV infected individuals participating in ten studies in the San Diego–Tijuana Border Region. Phylogenetic and network analysis was performed to infer putative relationships between HIV sequences. Correlates of identified clusters were evaluated and spatiotemporal relationships were explored using Bayesian phylogeographic analysis. Findings After quality filtering, 843 HIV sequences with associated demographic data and 263 background sequences from the Region were analyzed, and 138 clusters were inferred (2–23 individuals). Overall, the rate of clustering did not differ by ethnicity, residence, or sex, but bisexuals were less likely to cluster than heterosexuals or men who have sex with men ( p =0.043), and individuals identifying as white ( p ≤0.01) were more likely to cluster than other races. Clustering individuals were also 3.5years younger than non-clustering individuals ( p Interpretation This study sampled ~7% of HIV infected individuals in the Border Region, and although the sampled networks on each side of the Border were largely separate, there was evidence of persistent bidirectional cross-Border transmissions that linked risk groups, thus highlighting the importance of the Border Region as a "melting pot" of risk groups. Funding NIH, VA, and Pendleton Foundation.
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HIV Transmission Networks in the San Diego–Tijuana Border Region
EBioMedicine, 2015Co-Authors: Sanjay Mehta, Joel O. Wertheim, Kimberly C. Brouwer, Karla D. Wagner, Antoine Chaillon, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Thomas L. Patterson, Maria Gudelia Rangel, Mlenka Vargas, Ben MurrellAbstract:Abstract Background HIV sequence data can be used to reconstruct local transmission networks. Along international Borders, like the San Diego–Tijuana Region, understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission across reported risks, racial/ethnic groups, and geography can help direct effective prevention efforts on both sides of the Border. Methods We gathered sociodemographic, geographic, clinical, and viral sequence data from HIV infected individuals participating in ten studies in the San Diego–Tijuana Border Region. Phylogenetic and network analysis was performed to infer putative relationships between HIV sequences. Correlates of identified clusters were evaluated and spatiotemporal relationships were explored using Bayesian phylogeographic analysis. Findings After quality filtering, 843 HIV sequences with associated demographic data and 263 background sequences from the Region were analyzed, and 138 clusters were inferred (2–23 individuals). Overall, the rate of clustering did not differ by ethnicity, residence, or sex, but bisexuals were less likely to cluster than heterosexuals or men who have sex with men ( p =0.043), and individuals identifying as white ( p ≤0.01) were more likely to cluster than other races. Clustering individuals were also 3.5years younger than non-clustering individuals ( p Interpretation This study sampled ~7% of HIV infected individuals in the Border Region, and although the sampled networks on each side of the Border were largely separate, there was evidence of persistent bidirectional cross-Border transmissions that linked risk groups, thus highlighting the importance of the Border Region as a "melting pot" of risk groups. Funding NIH, VA, and Pendleton Foundation.