The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yuan-yuan Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DNA barcoding and species Boundary Delimitation of selected species of Chinese Acridoidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera).
PloS one, 2013Co-Authors: Jianhua Huang, Ai-bing Zhang, Shaoli Mao, Yuan-yuan HuangAbstract:We tested the performance of DNA barcoding in Acridoidea and attempted to solve species Boundary Delimitation problems in selected groups using COI barcodes. Three analysis methods were applied to reconstruct the phylogeny. K2P distances were used to assess the overlap range between intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence. “Best match (BM)”, “best close match (BCM)”, “all species barcodes (ASB)” and “back-propagation neural networks (BP-based method)” were utilized to test the success rate of species identification. Phylogenetic species concept and network analysis were employed to delimitate the species Boundary in eight selected species groups. The results demonstrated that the COI barcode region performed better in phylogenetic reconstruction at genus and species levels than at higher-levels, but showed a little improvement in resolving the higher-level relationships when the third base data or both first and third base data were excluded. Most overlaps and incorrect identifications may be due to imperfect taxonomy, indicating the critical role of taxonomic revision in DNA barcoding study. Species Boundary Delimitation confirmed the presence of oversplitting in six species groups and suggested that each group should be treated as a single species.
Clive H Schofield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preliminary considerations on the potential influence of submarine fans on marine Delimitation
Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2013Co-Authors: Wenxian Qiu, Xianglong Jin, Clive H SchofieldAbstract:The complex issues associated with marine delineation for the outer limit of continental shelf and the Boundary Delimitation have provoked considerable attention among researchers in a variety of academic circles, particularly in the juristic filed and the geo-science field. In the present contribution, we start from an overview of submarine fans, as one of common types of sediment-deposit bodies in the ocean, and explore the related geological features which may be of relevance to the marine Delimitation in accordance with the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. We carry out a comparative assessment of certain significant geological features of submarine fans, using the Bengal fan as an example, which is the biggest submarine fan in the world and represents an important factor in the maritime Boundary dispute between the neighboring states currently. The relationship between the special geological bodies and the international principle in the 1982 United Nations Convention can be established by combining geological and juristic analyses. This preliminary observation on the effect of submarine bodies both on the marine entitlement and Boundary Delimitation indicates that it is important for the international society to appropriately deal with this problem so that the marine right of any state can be protected.
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One step forwards, two steps back? Progress and challenges in the Delimitation of maritime boundaries since the drafting of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
2013Co-Authors: Clive H SchofieldAbstract:The provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea dealing with the Delimitation of maritime boundaries are limited and open to varied interpretation. Nevertheless, the advent of the Convention had a significant impact on ocean Boundary making. Subsequent developments have also arguably led to a clearer approach to maritime Boundary Delimitation. These evolutions are traced and contemporary challenges highlighted
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Moving Beyond Disputes Over Island Sovereignty: ICJ Decision Sets Stage for Maritime Boundary Delimitation in the Singapore Strait
Ocean Development & International Law, 2009Co-Authors: Robert Beckman, Clive H SchofieldAbstract:The International Court of Justice's May 2008 decision to award Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh to Singapore and Middle Rocks to Malaysia has removed a major obstacle to the Delimitation of maritime boundaries in the eastern part of the Singapore Strait. This article explores the issues relevant to the Delimitation of maritime boundaries between Malaysia, Singapore, and also Indonesia in this area. A brief summary of the case is followed by consideration of the baselines and maritime jurisdictional claims of the parties and the Delimitation of maritime boundaries, with particular emphasis on the status and potential role of the islands in this context. Potential maritime Boundary Delimitation scenarios in the eastern Singapore Strait are then considered and assessed.
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Blurring the lines: maritime joint development and the cooperative management of ocean resources
Issues in Legal Scholarship, 2009Co-Authors: Clive H SchofieldAbstract:The first part of the paper examines the significant extension in coastal State jurisdiction offshore and outlines progress in the Delimitation of maritime boundaries worldwide. Some of the problems associated with lack of maritime Boundary Delimitation and the resultant large zones of overlapping maritime claims are then highlighted. Progress in the cooperative management of ocean resources through maritime joint development zones is then reviewed.
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The trouble with Islands: the definition and role of Islands and rocks in maritime Boundary Delimitation
Maritime Boundary Disputes Settlement Processes and the Law of the Sea, 2009Co-Authors: Clive H SchofieldAbstract:This chapter provides a maritime jurisdictional overview, against which context the importance of islands is assessed. It considers the issue of distinguishing between types of insular feature, especially what constitutes an "island" versus a "rock" in the context of the Law of the Sea Convention Article 121. This is a crucial distinction in respect of the claims to maritime jurisdiction that may be generated from such features. The chapter discusses the developments potentially contributing towards the clarification of Article 121 prior to a review of the role of islands in maritime Boundary Delimitation. It provides examples of islands being accorded variable effect in the construction of equidistance line boundaries drawn from the experience of state practice and the jurisprudence of international judicial and arbitral courts. Finally the chapter offers some brief concluding observations and reflections. Keywords: Article 121; islands; Law of the Sea Convention; maritime Boundary Delimitation; maritime jurisdiction; rock
Zou Keyuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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china s exclusive economic zone and continental shelf developments problems and prospects
Marine Policy, 2001Co-Authors: Zou KeyuanAbstract:China promulgated its Law on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf in 1998 after it had ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1996. By so doing, China has formally established a legal regime for its exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. However, China has much to do in implementing the above law. Domestically, it needs some detailed regulations for the implementation; and regionally China has to negotiate with its neighboring countries on the maritime Boundary Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf.
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maritime Boundary Delimitation in the gulf of tonkin
Ocean Development and International Law, 1999Co-Authors: Zou KeyuanAbstract:The issue of the Gulf of Tonkin is one of the unresolved Boundary issues between China and Vietnam. While China and Vietnam took different positions on and viewpoints regarding the principles and standards for the maritime Delimitation of the Gulf of Tonkin, they agreed to seek an equitable solution. This article attempts to explore and assess the legal issues relating to the Boundary Delimitation of the Gulf of Tonkin within the context of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Jianhua Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DNA barcoding and species Boundary Delimitation of selected species of Chinese Acridoidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera).
PloS one, 2013Co-Authors: Jianhua Huang, Ai-bing Zhang, Shaoli Mao, Yuan-yuan HuangAbstract:We tested the performance of DNA barcoding in Acridoidea and attempted to solve species Boundary Delimitation problems in selected groups using COI barcodes. Three analysis methods were applied to reconstruct the phylogeny. K2P distances were used to assess the overlap range between intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence. “Best match (BM)”, “best close match (BCM)”, “all species barcodes (ASB)” and “back-propagation neural networks (BP-based method)” were utilized to test the success rate of species identification. Phylogenetic species concept and network analysis were employed to delimitate the species Boundary in eight selected species groups. The results demonstrated that the COI barcode region performed better in phylogenetic reconstruction at genus and species levels than at higher-levels, but showed a little improvement in resolving the higher-level relationships when the third base data or both first and third base data were excluded. Most overlaps and incorrect identifications may be due to imperfect taxonomy, indicating the critical role of taxonomic revision in DNA barcoding study. Species Boundary Delimitation confirmed the presence of oversplitting in six species groups and suggested that each group should be treated as a single species.
Felix A. H. Sperling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Population structure and species Boundary Delimitation of cryptic Dioryctria moths: an integrative approach.
Molecular ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Amanda D. Roe, Felix A. H. SperlingAbstract:Accurate Delimitation of species boundaries is especially important in cryptic taxa where one or more character sources are uninformative or are in conflict. Rather than relying on a single marker to delimit species, integrative taxonomy uses multiple lines of evidence such as molecular, morphological, behavioural and geographic characters to test species limits. We examine the effectiveness of this approach by testing the Delimitation of two cryptic Nearctic species of Dioryctria (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) using three independent molecular markers [cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), second internal transcribed spacer unit (ITS2), and elongation factor 1α (EF1α )], forewing variation and larval host plant association. Although mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes do not form reciprocally monophyletic clades, restricted gene flow between COI haplotype groups, and concordance with ITS2 genotypes, forewing variation and host plant associations support Delimitation of two Nearctic species: eastern Dioryctria reniculelloides and western Dioryctria pseudotsugella . Conversely, EF1α genotype variation was incongruent with the two previous markers. A case of discordance between COI and ITS2 was detected, suggesting either introgression due to hybridization or retained ancestral polymorphism due to incomplete coalescence. This study is consistent with other similar literature where molecular loci in closely related species progress from shared to fixed haplotypes/alleles, and from polyphyletic to reciprocally monophyletic relationships, although loci may vary in these characteristics despite maintenance of genomic integrity between distinct species. In particular, mtDNA in other studies generally showed a lower rate of fixation of differences than did X-linked or autosomal loci, reinforcing the need to use an integrative approach for delimiting species.