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Sayed Samim Rahpaya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dembo polymerase chain reaction technique for detection of Bovine abortion diarrhea and respiratory disease complex infectious agents in potential vectors and reservoirs
Journal of Veterinary Science, 2018Co-Authors: Shinobu Tsuchiaka, Sayed Samim Rahpaya, Mai Kishimoto, Yukie Katayama, Yuka Nunomura, Saki Kokawa, Takashi KimuraAbstract:: Bovine abortion, diarrhea, and respiratory disease complexes, caused by infectious agents, result in high and significant economic losses for the cattle industry. These pathogens are likely transmitted by various vectors and reservoirs including insects, birds, and rodents. However, experimental data supporting this possibility are scarce. We collected 117 samples and screened them for 44 Bovine abortive, diarrheal, and respiratory disease complex pathogens by using Dembo polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is based on TaqMan real-time PCR. Fifty-seven samples were positive for at least one pathogen, including Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Bovine Enterovirus, Salmonella enterica ser. Dublin, Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium, and Neospora caninum; some samples were positive for multiple pathogens. Bovine viral diarrhea virus and Bovine Enterovirus were the most frequently detected pathogens, especially in flies, suggesting an important role of flies in the transmission of these viruses. Additionally, we detected the N. caninum genome from a cockroach sample for the first time. Our data suggest that insects (particularly flies), birds, and rodents are potential vectors and reservoirs of abortion, diarrhea, and respiratory infectious agents, and that they may transmit more than one pathogen at the same time.
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identification of a novel Bovine Enterovirus possessing highly divergent amino acid sequences in capsid protein
BMC Microbiology, 2017Co-Authors: Shinobu Tsuchiaka, Sayed Samim Rahpaya, Konosuke Otomaru, Hiroshi Aoki, Mai Kishimoto, Yuki Naoi, Tsutomu OmatsuAbstract:Bovine Enterovirus (BEV) belongs to the species Enterovirus E or F, genus Enterovirus and family Picornaviridae. Although numerous studies have identified BEVs in the feces of cattle with diarrhea, the pathogenicity of BEVs remains unclear. Previously, we reported the detection of novel kobu-like virus in calf feces, by metagenomics analysis. In the present study, we identified a novel BEV in diarrheal feces collected for that survey. Complete genome sequences were determined by deep sequencing in feces. Secondary RNA structure analysis of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), phylogenetic tree construction and pairwise identity analysis were conducted. The complete genome sequences of BEV were genetically distant from other EVs and the VP1 coding region contained novel and unique amino acid sequences. We named this strain as BEV AN12/Bos taurus/JPN/2014 (referred to as BEV-AN12). According to genome analysis, the genome length of this virus is 7414 nucleotides excluding the poly (A) tail and its genome consists of a 5′UTR, open reading frame encoding a single polyprotein, and 3′UTR. The results of secondary RNA structure analysis showed that in the 5′UTR, BEV-AN12 had an additional clover leaf structure and small stem loop structure, similarly to other BEVs. In pairwise identity analysis, BEV-AN12 showed high amino acid (aa) identities to Enterovirus F in the polyprotein, P2 and P3 regions (aa identity ≥82.4%). Therefore, BEV-AN12 is closely related to Enterovirus F. However, aa sequences in the capsid protein regions, particularly the VP1 encoding region, showed significantly low aa identity to other viruses in genus Enterovirus (VP1 aa identity ≤58.6%). In addition, BEV-AN12 branched separately from Enterovirus E and F in phylogenetic trees based on the aa sequences of P1 and VP1, although it clustered with Enterovirus F in trees based on sequences in the P2 and P3 genome region. We identified novel BEV possessing highly divergent aa sequences in the VP1 coding region in Japan. According to species definition, we proposed naming this strain as “Enterovirus K”, which is a novel species within genus Enterovirus. Further genomic studies are needed to understand the pathogenicity of BEVs.
Shinobu Tsuchiaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dembo polymerase chain reaction technique for detection of Bovine abortion diarrhea and respiratory disease complex infectious agents in potential vectors and reservoirs
Journal of Veterinary Science, 2018Co-Authors: Shinobu Tsuchiaka, Sayed Samim Rahpaya, Mai Kishimoto, Yukie Katayama, Yuka Nunomura, Saki Kokawa, Takashi KimuraAbstract:: Bovine abortion, diarrhea, and respiratory disease complexes, caused by infectious agents, result in high and significant economic losses for the cattle industry. These pathogens are likely transmitted by various vectors and reservoirs including insects, birds, and rodents. However, experimental data supporting this possibility are scarce. We collected 117 samples and screened them for 44 Bovine abortive, diarrheal, and respiratory disease complex pathogens by using Dembo polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is based on TaqMan real-time PCR. Fifty-seven samples were positive for at least one pathogen, including Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Bovine Enterovirus, Salmonella enterica ser. Dublin, Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium, and Neospora caninum; some samples were positive for multiple pathogens. Bovine viral diarrhea virus and Bovine Enterovirus were the most frequently detected pathogens, especially in flies, suggesting an important role of flies in the transmission of these viruses. Additionally, we detected the N. caninum genome from a cockroach sample for the first time. Our data suggest that insects (particularly flies), birds, and rodents are potential vectors and reservoirs of abortion, diarrhea, and respiratory infectious agents, and that they may transmit more than one pathogen at the same time.
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identification of a novel Bovine Enterovirus possessing highly divergent amino acid sequences in capsid protein
BMC Microbiology, 2017Co-Authors: Shinobu Tsuchiaka, Sayed Samim Rahpaya, Konosuke Otomaru, Hiroshi Aoki, Mai Kishimoto, Yuki Naoi, Tsutomu OmatsuAbstract:Bovine Enterovirus (BEV) belongs to the species Enterovirus E or F, genus Enterovirus and family Picornaviridae. Although numerous studies have identified BEVs in the feces of cattle with diarrhea, the pathogenicity of BEVs remains unclear. Previously, we reported the detection of novel kobu-like virus in calf feces, by metagenomics analysis. In the present study, we identified a novel BEV in diarrheal feces collected for that survey. Complete genome sequences were determined by deep sequencing in feces. Secondary RNA structure analysis of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), phylogenetic tree construction and pairwise identity analysis were conducted. The complete genome sequences of BEV were genetically distant from other EVs and the VP1 coding region contained novel and unique amino acid sequences. We named this strain as BEV AN12/Bos taurus/JPN/2014 (referred to as BEV-AN12). According to genome analysis, the genome length of this virus is 7414 nucleotides excluding the poly (A) tail and its genome consists of a 5′UTR, open reading frame encoding a single polyprotein, and 3′UTR. The results of secondary RNA structure analysis showed that in the 5′UTR, BEV-AN12 had an additional clover leaf structure and small stem loop structure, similarly to other BEVs. In pairwise identity analysis, BEV-AN12 showed high amino acid (aa) identities to Enterovirus F in the polyprotein, P2 and P3 regions (aa identity ≥82.4%). Therefore, BEV-AN12 is closely related to Enterovirus F. However, aa sequences in the capsid protein regions, particularly the VP1 encoding region, showed significantly low aa identity to other viruses in genus Enterovirus (VP1 aa identity ≤58.6%). In addition, BEV-AN12 branched separately from Enterovirus E and F in phylogenetic trees based on the aa sequences of P1 and VP1, although it clustered with Enterovirus F in trees based on sequences in the P2 and P3 genome region. We identified novel BEV possessing highly divergent aa sequences in the VP1 coding region in Japan. According to species definition, we proposed naming this strain as “Enterovirus K”, which is a novel species within genus Enterovirus. Further genomic studies are needed to understand the pathogenicity of BEVs.
S Gur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a serological investigation of Bovine Enterovirus 1 Bovine herpesvirus 1 Bovine viral diarrhea virus and parainfluenza 3 infections in camelsin western turkey
Veterinaria Italiana, 2020Co-Authors: Nural Erol, S Gur, Taylan B Koc, Sibel YavruAbstract:Camels (Camelus dromedarius) are bred in Western Turkey, particularly in the province of Aydin, for touristic, social and cultural purposes. Bovine Enterovirus‑1 (BEV‑1), Bovine herpesvirus type‑1 (BHV‑1), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Parainfluenza‑3 (PI‑3) virus infections are significant causes of health and/or economic concerns in several animal species. These agents have not been investigated in the camel population in Turkey. The objective of this study was to serologically investigate the presence and infection rates of these viruses in camels in Aydin province, Western Turkey. Ninety‑two serum samples were taken from clinically healthy camels that were kept in private farms or brought to the local slaughterhouses. Serum neutralization test was performed to assess the presence and the titers of specific antibodies against BEV‑1, BHV‑1, BVDV, and PI‑3 virus in camel sera. Of the 92 camels tested, 30 (32.61%), 2 (2.17%), 54 (58.7%), and 20 (21.74%) were seropositive for BEV‑1, BHV‑1, BVDV, and PI‑3, respectively. These results suggest that, except for BHV‑1, these viral infections are common among camels in Western Turkey. To our knowledge, this the first comprehensive, large‑scale study investigating these viral infections in camels in Turkey.
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a study regarding Bovine Enterovirus type 1 infection in domestic animals and humans an evaluation from the zoonotic aspect
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2019Co-Authors: S Gur, Metin Gurcay, Adnan SeyrekAbstract:Bovine Enteroviruses (BEV) are members of Enterovirus genus of the family Picornaviridae. BEV1 has a broad host spectrum, including humans. The virus usually causes subclinical infection, but fatal/severe cases have also been reported in different animal species. There is quite limited data regarding BEV1 in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate human infection and to identify possible risk factors for viral exposure. For this purpose, blood serum samples (n=1,526) were collected from a city center and nearby villagers simultaneously from humans and farm animals in Elazig province in Eastern Anatolia. As a result of serum neutralisation test, BEV1 specific antibody presence detected in cattle was 85.3% (163/191), 73.5% in donkeys (64/87), 71.8% in goats (115/160), 46.5% in sheep (93/200), 43.9% in horses (40/91), 41.3% in dogs (19/46) and 33% in humans (248/751). Although a high contamination potential was mentioned for people living in rural areas, it was determined that infection rates in rural areas (31.6%) and urban centers (32.2%) were very close. There was no difference according to sex. Viral exposure is higher in the 40 to 70 age range. In addition, the serological evidence of the infection in donkeys was identified for the first time with this study.
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serological survey of Bovine Enterovirus type 1 in different mammalian species in turkey
Zoonoses and Public Health, 2008Co-Authors: S Gur, O Yapkic, A. YilmazAbstract:Summary The Bovine Enterovirus type 1 (BEV-1) infection has a wide range of host spectrum including humans. In this study, seroprevalence of BEV-1 was investigated in eight mammalian species. Blood serum samples were collected from 244 humans, 1520 cattle, 272 horse, 126 dog, 281 sheep, 477 goat, 18 camel (Camelus dromedarius) and 82 gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) in different regions of Turkey. Microneutralization tests showed that gazelle and camel did not have any seropositivities, but seropositivities were detected in humans (30.3%), cattle (64.8%), horse (12.8%), dog (3.2%), sheep (32.8%) and goat (27.6%).
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turkiye de mandalarda Bovine Enterovirus tip 1 in serolojik olarak arastirilmasi
Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2006Co-Authors: S Gur, Yilmaz Akca, Ibrahim BurguAbstract:Bovine Enteroviruslar, eriskin hayvanlarda genellikle subklinik enfeksiyona neden olabilmesinin yani sira abort, infertilite ve neonatal olumlere; genc hayvanlarda ve yenidoganlarda ise gelisme geriligi, enteritis ve solunum sistemi enfeksiyonuna yol acmaktadir. Bu calismada, Turkiye’de 8 ilden toplam 355 yetiskin mandadan kan serum ornegi alinarak, BEV Tip-1 spesifik antikorlar yonunden mikronotralizasyon testi ile kontrol edilmistir. Dort ilde %21.4, %8.3, %2.8, %2.4 oranlarinda seropozitiflik saptanmis, orneklenen populasyonun seropozitiflik orani %3.9 (14/355) olarak bulunmustur
A. Yilmaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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serological survey of Bovine Enterovirus type 1 in different mammalian species in turkey
Zoonoses and Public Health, 2008Co-Authors: S Gur, O Yapkic, A. YilmazAbstract:Summary The Bovine Enterovirus type 1 (BEV-1) infection has a wide range of host spectrum including humans. In this study, seroprevalence of BEV-1 was investigated in eight mammalian species. Blood serum samples were collected from 244 humans, 1520 cattle, 272 horse, 126 dog, 281 sheep, 477 goat, 18 camel (Camelus dromedarius) and 82 gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) in different regions of Turkey. Microneutralization tests showed that gazelle and camel did not have any seropositivities, but seropositivities were detected in humans (30.3%), cattle (64.8%), horse (12.8%), dog (3.2%), sheep (32.8%) and goat (27.6%).
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evaluation of virucidal activity of three commercial disinfectants and formic acid using Bovine Enterovirus type 1 ecbo virus mammalian orthoreovirus type 1 and Bovine adenovirus type 1
Veterinary Journal, 2003Co-Authors: A. Yilmaz, Erhard F. KaletaAbstract:Abstract A modified version of the test method of the Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN) was developed using formic acid and three commercial disinfectants to evaluate virucidal activity against three non-enveloped viruses, Bovine Enterovirus type 1 (ECBO virus), mammalian orthoreovirus type 1 and Bovine adenovirus type 1 (BAV 1). Determination of the effects of temperature was carried out at 20 and 10 °C. All tests with protein load used Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and yeast extract. The investigations were performed in suspension tests and in carrier tests using poplar wood virus carriers. The carrier tests showed that ECBO virus could be inactivated at 20 °C with 1% formic acid within a 60 min reaction time. For disinfection of ECBO virus at 10 °C within 60 min, a 2% concentration of formic acid was necessary. Formic acid was ineffective against reovirus and Bovine adenovirus and cannot be recommended as a reference disinfectant. Inactivation of ECBO virus and adenovirus type 1 using a disinfectant containing aldehydes and alcohols could be achieved, but only at room temperature. The disinfection of reovirus type 1 at room temperature with this product was possible without a protein load. This disinfectant exhibited disinfection ability at 10 °C at a concentration of more than 2% or with a longer exposure time. A disinfectant containing aldehydes was effective at room temperature but its effect was reduced in the presence of organic matter. Inactivation at 10 °C was found only against adenovirus. The fourth disinfectant, which contained peroxiacetic acid, inactivated all test viruses at a concentration of 0.5% within 15 min independent of temperature and protein load.
Roland Zell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular based reclassification of the Bovine Enteroviruses
Journal of General Virology, 2006Co-Authors: Roland Zell, Elizabeth M Hoey, Malte Dauber, Andi Krumbholz, Peter WutzlerAbstract:Bovine Enteroviruses are currently classified into two serotypes within the species Bovine Enterovirus (BEV). Comparison of the sequences of six American and eleven German BEV isolates with published BEV sequences revealed the necessity to revise the taxonomy of these viruses. Molecular data indicate that the Bovine Enteroviruses are composed of two clusters (designated BEV-A and -B) each with two and three geno-/serotypes, respectively. Whereas low amino acid identity of the capsid proteins 1C (VP3) and 1D (VP1) is the main criterion for the discrimination of geno-/serotypes, the BEV clusters, presumably representing species, differ in sequence identity of all viral proteins. In addition, characteristic lengths of (i) the capsid proteins 1B, 1C and 1D, (ii) the 2C protein, and (iii) the 3′-non-translated region are observed. The BEVs can be distinguished from the other Enteroviruses by sequence identity and unique features of the 5′-non-translated region, i.e. a conserved second cloverleaf and characteristic RNA structures of the internal ribosome entry site. Phylogenetically, the closest relatives of the Bovine Enteroviruses are the porcine Enteroviruses. Incongruent phylogenies of the 5′-non-translated region, the capsid proteins and the 3D polymerase indicate frequent intraserotypic and interserotypic recombination within the non-capsid and the capsid region of the BEV genome.
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a novel cguuag tetraloop structure with a conserved yynmgg type backbone conformation from cloverleaf 1 of Bovine Enterovirus 1 rna
Nucleic Acids Research, 2005Co-Authors: Yvonne Ihle, Roland Zell, Oliver Ohlenschlager, Sabine Hafner, Elke Duchardt, Martin Zacharias, Simone Seitz, Ramadurai Ramachandran, Matthias GorlachAbstract:The 5'-terminal cloverleaf (CL)-like RNA structures are essential for the initiation of positive- and negative-strand RNA synthesis of entero- and rhinoviruses. SLD is the cognate RNA ligand of the viral proteinase 3C (3C p r o ), which is an indispensable component of the viral replication initiation complex. The structure of an 18mer RNA representing the apical stem and the cGUUAg D-loop of SLD from the first 5'-CL of BEV1 was determined in solution to a root-mean-square deviation (r.m.s.d.) (all heavy atoms) of 0.59 A (PDB 1Z30). The first (antiG) and last (synA) nucleotide of the D-loop forms a novel 'pseudo base pair' without direct hydrogen bonds. The backbone conformation and the base-stacking pattern of the cGUUAg-loop, however, are highly similar to that of the coxsackie-viral uCACGg D-loop (PDB 1RFR) and of the stable cUUCGg tetraloop (PDB 1F7Y) but surprisingly dissimilar to the structure of a cGUAAg stable tetraloop (PDB 1MSY), even though the cGUUAg BEV D-loop and the cGUAAg tetraloop differ by 1 nt only. Together with the presented binding data, these findings provide independent experimental evidence for our model [O. Ohlenschlager, J. Wohnert, E. Bucci, S. Seitz, S. Hafner, R. Ramachandran, R. Zell and M. Gorlach (2004) Structure, 12, 237-248] that the proteinase 3C p r o recognizes structure rather than sequence.
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functional features of the Bovine Enterovirus 5 non translated region
Journal of General Virology, 1999Co-Authors: Roland Zell, Elizabeth M Hoey, Karim Sidigi, Andreas Henke, Joachim Schmidtbrauns, Samuel A M Martin, Axel StelznerAbstract:The Bovine Enterovirus (BEV) serotypes exhibit unique features of the non-translated regions (NTRs) which separate them from the other Enteroviruses. Their most remarkable property is an additional genome region of 110 nt located between the 5«-cloverleaf and the internal ribosome entry site (IRES). This genome region has the potential to form an additional cloverleaf structure (domain I*) separated from the 5«-cloverleaf (domain I) by a small stem-loop (domain I**). Other characteristics involve the putative IRES domains III and VI. In order to investigate the features of the 5«-NTR, several full-length coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) cDNA plasmids with hybrid 5«-NTRs were engineered. After exchange of the CVB3 cloverleaf with the BEV1 genome region representing both cloverleafs, a viable virus chimera was generated. Deletion of domain I** within the exchanged region also yielded viable virus albeit with reduced growth capacity. Deletion of sequences encoding either the first or the second BEV cloverleaf resulted in non-infectious constructs. Hybrid plasmids with exchanges of the IRES-encoding sequence or the complete 5«-NTR were non-infectious. Transfection experiments with SP6 transcripts containing 5«-NTRs fused to the luciferase message indicated that IRES-driven translation is enhanced by the presence of the CVB3 cloverleaf and both BEV1 cloverleaf structures, respectively. Deletion of either the first or the second BEV cloverleaf domain reduced but did not abolish enhanced luciferase expression. These results suggest that the substitution of two putative BEV cloverleaf structures for the putative coxsackieviral cloverleaf yields viable virus, while BEV sequences encoding the IRES fail to functionally replace CVB3 IRES-encoding sequences.