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J. W. Wilesmith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Recent Observations on the Epidemiology of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
    Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, 1996
    Co-Authors: J. W. Wilesmith
    Abstract:

    Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) became a statutorily notifiable disease in Great Britain in June 1988 following its recognition in 1986 (1). Initial epidemiologic studies provided evidence that cattle had become infected by a scrapie-like agent via infected meat and bone meal used as a protein supplement (2). A subsequent case-control study of calf-feeding practices substantiated this hypothesis (3), and action to prevent further exposure from the food-borne source was taken in July 1988 when the feeding of ruminant derived protein to ruminants was banned.

  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. Cohort study of cows is in progress.
    BMJ, 1996
    Co-Authors: J. W. Wilesmith
    Abstract:

    EDITOR,—R W Lacey's letter makes no reference to any scientific paper on the epidemiology of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy.1 As a result it contains too many omissions, errors, and misconceptions to pass into the literature unchallenged. Lacey's description of the cohort study to examine the risk of maternal transmission is incorrect. This study is comparing the incidence of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in offspring of dams that developed clinical signs of the disease and in offspring of dams that reached at least 6 years of age without developing …

  • Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1994
    Co-Authors: Richard H. Kimberlin, J. W. Wilesmith
    Abstract:

    Summary: A detailed account is given of the occurrence of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), current research into the aetiology of this new disease of cattle, and the relationship between BSE, scrapie and other similar diseases. Epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and control are described.

  • An Epidemiologist's View of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 1994
    Co-Authors: J. W. Wilesmith
    Abstract:

    Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy was first recognized in Great Britain in 1986 and was the result of infection with a scrapie-like agent surviving in meat and bone meal used in feedstuffs. This effective exposure commenced in 1981-82 and was associated with a reduction in the use of hydrocarbon solvents in the manufacture of meat and bone meal. The epidemiological features are consistent with sheep scrapie as the original source, but the epidemic was amplified by the recycling of infected cattle tissue resulting in a marked increase in incidence from 1989. The food borne source was eliminated by legislation introduced in July 1988. The first effects of this became apparent during 1991 and these have become more obvious during 1993 with a reduction in the national incidence. Specific studies are still in progress to determine whether other means of transmission can occur, but none capable of maintaining the epidemic have been detected.

  • Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and related diseases: an epidemiological overview.
    New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 1994
    Co-Authors: J. W. Wilesmith
    Abstract:

    Abstract Following the recognition of the novel disease Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Great Britain in 1986, epidemiological and other research studies were initiated. The initial results of these studies revealed that Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy was caused by a scrapie-like agent and the vehicle of infection was meat-and-bone meal incorporated into cattle feedstuffs as a protein source. The British cattle population became effectively exposed in 1981-82 and this was associated with a dramatic reduction in the use of hydrocarbon solvents for the extraction of fat in the production of meat-and-bone meal. The feeding of ruminant-derived protein to ruminants was statutorily banned in July 1988 to prevent further exposure from the food-borne source. This paper reviews the epidemiological aspects of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and the occurrence of transmissible Spongiform encephalopathies in other species.

Christl A Donnelly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the united states an epidemiologist s view
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Christl A Donnelly
    Abstract:

    On December 9, 2003, a nonambulatory (“downer”) dairy cow was slaughtered in Washington State, and because the animal's condition was attributed to complications from calving, the animal was judged to be fit for human consumption (designated as “inspected and passed” by the U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA]). Samples taken from this animal tested positive for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, also known as mad cow disease) on December 22; the USDA diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by the British world reference laboratory. The international response to the announcement of this result on December 23 was strong and swift, with bans being imposed . . .

Jeanmichel Verdier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Takashi Yokoyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Nadine Mestrefrances - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.