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H Winterhoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term effects of st john s wort and hypericin on monoAmine levels in rat hypothalamus and hippocampus
Brain Research, 2002Co-Authors: Veronika Butterweck, Tobias M Bockers, Brigitte Korte, W Wittkowski, H WinterhoffAbstract:Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) is one of the leading psychotherapeutic phytomedicines and, because of this, great effort has been devoted to clarifying its mechanism of action. Chronic effects of St. John's wort and hypericin, one of its major active compounds, on regional Brain Amine metabolism have not been reported yet. We used a high-performance liquid chromatography system to exAmine the effects of short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (8 weeks) administration of imiprAmine, Hypericum extract or hypericin on regional levels of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine, dopAmine and their metabolites in the rat Brain. We focused our interest on the hypothalamus and hippocampus, as these Brain regions are thought to be involved in antidepressant drug action. ImiprAmine (15 mg/kg, p.o.), Hypericum extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.), and hypericin (0.2 mg/kg, p.o.) given daily for 8 weeks significantly increased 5-HT levels in the hypothalamus (P<0.05). The 5-HT turnover was significantly lowered in both Brain regions after 8 weeks of daily treatment with the Hypericum extract (both P<0.05). Consistent changes in catecholAmine levels were only detected in hypothalamic tissues after long-term treatment. Comparable to imiprAmine, Hypericum extract as well as hypericin significantly decreased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid levels in the hypothalamus (P<0.01). Our data clearly show that long-term, but not short-term administration of St. John's wort and its active constituent hypericin modify levels of neurotransmitters in Brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
Mario L Muscedere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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geographic and life history variation in ant queen colony founding correlates with Brain Amine levels
Behavioral Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Mario L Muscedere, Sara Helms Cahan, Ken R Helms, James F A TranielloAbstract:Although harvester ant queens only lay eggs for most of their lives, they interact socially when they start colonies, behaving aggressively or cooperatively depending on the population they come from. We investigated whether Brain neurotransmitters known to control behaviors from insects to humans were linked to queen behaviors. We found that neurotransmitter levels changed and one, serotonin, was elevated specifically when queens became aggressive, even though this switch occurred at different times in different populations.
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biogenic Amines are associated with worker task but not patriline in the leaf cutting ant acromyrmex echinatior
Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 2013Co-Authors: Adam R Smith, Mario L Muscedere, James F A Traniello, Marc A Seid, William O H HughesAbstract:Division of labor among eusocial insect workers is a hallmark of advanced social organization, but its underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated whether differences in whole-Brain levels of the biogenic Amines dopAmine (DA), serotonin (5HT), and octopAmine (OA) are associated with task specialization and genotype in similarly sized and aged workers of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior, a polyandrous species in which genotype correlates with worker task specialization. We compared Amine levels of foragers and waste management workers to test for an association with worker task, and young in-nest workers across patrilines to test for a genetic influence on Brain Amine levels. Foragers had higher levels of DA and OA and a higher OA:5HT ratio than waste management workers. Patrilines did not significantly differ in Amine levels or their ratios, although patriline affected worker body size, which correlated with Amine levels despite the small size range sampled. Levels of all three Amines were correlated within individuals in both studies. Among patrilines, mean levels of DA and OA, and OA and 5HT were also correlated. Our results suggest that differences in biogenic Amines could regulate worker task specialization, but may be not be significantly affected by genotype.
Veronika Butterweck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term effects of st john s wort and hypericin on monoAmine levels in rat hypothalamus and hippocampus
Brain Research, 2002Co-Authors: Veronika Butterweck, Tobias M Bockers, Brigitte Korte, W Wittkowski, H WinterhoffAbstract:Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) is one of the leading psychotherapeutic phytomedicines and, because of this, great effort has been devoted to clarifying its mechanism of action. Chronic effects of St. John's wort and hypericin, one of its major active compounds, on regional Brain Amine metabolism have not been reported yet. We used a high-performance liquid chromatography system to exAmine the effects of short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (8 weeks) administration of imiprAmine, Hypericum extract or hypericin on regional levels of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine, dopAmine and their metabolites in the rat Brain. We focused our interest on the hypothalamus and hippocampus, as these Brain regions are thought to be involved in antidepressant drug action. ImiprAmine (15 mg/kg, p.o.), Hypericum extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.), and hypericin (0.2 mg/kg, p.o.) given daily for 8 weeks significantly increased 5-HT levels in the hypothalamus (P<0.05). The 5-HT turnover was significantly lowered in both Brain regions after 8 weeks of daily treatment with the Hypericum extract (both P<0.05). Consistent changes in catecholAmine levels were only detected in hypothalamic tissues after long-term treatment. Comparable to imiprAmine, Hypericum extract as well as hypericin significantly decreased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid levels in the hypothalamus (P<0.01). Our data clearly show that long-term, but not short-term administration of St. John's wort and its active constituent hypericin modify levels of neurotransmitters in Brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
James F A Traniello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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geographic and life history variation in ant queen colony founding correlates with Brain Amine levels
Behavioral Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Mario L Muscedere, Sara Helms Cahan, Ken R Helms, James F A TranielloAbstract:Although harvester ant queens only lay eggs for most of their lives, they interact socially when they start colonies, behaving aggressively or cooperatively depending on the population they come from. We investigated whether Brain neurotransmitters known to control behaviors from insects to humans were linked to queen behaviors. We found that neurotransmitter levels changed and one, serotonin, was elevated specifically when queens became aggressive, even though this switch occurred at different times in different populations.
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biogenic Amines are associated with worker task but not patriline in the leaf cutting ant acromyrmex echinatior
Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 2013Co-Authors: Adam R Smith, Mario L Muscedere, James F A Traniello, Marc A Seid, William O H HughesAbstract:Division of labor among eusocial insect workers is a hallmark of advanced social organization, but its underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated whether differences in whole-Brain levels of the biogenic Amines dopAmine (DA), serotonin (5HT), and octopAmine (OA) are associated with task specialization and genotype in similarly sized and aged workers of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior, a polyandrous species in which genotype correlates with worker task specialization. We compared Amine levels of foragers and waste management workers to test for an association with worker task, and young in-nest workers across patrilines to test for a genetic influence on Brain Amine levels. Foragers had higher levels of DA and OA and a higher OA:5HT ratio than waste management workers. Patrilines did not significantly differ in Amine levels or their ratios, although patriline affected worker body size, which correlated with Amine levels despite the small size range sampled. Levels of all three Amines were correlated within individuals in both studies. Among patrilines, mean levels of DA and OA, and OA and 5HT were also correlated. Our results suggest that differences in biogenic Amines could regulate worker task specialization, but may be not be significantly affected by genotype.
Victor J. Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Myriocin, a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor, alters regional Brain neurotransmitter levels without concurrent inhibition of the Brain sphingolipid biosynthesis in mice.
Toxicology letters, 2004Co-Authors: Marcin F. Osuchowski, Victor J. JohnsonAbstract:Myriocin is a specific serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) inhibitor whose effect on the Brain is unknown. Brain Amine metabolism and sphingolipid biosynthesis were studied in mice treated intraperitoneally with 0, 0.1, 0.3 or 1 mg/kg per day of myriocin for 5 days. Regional concentrations of dopAmine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxytryptAmine (5-HT, serotonin), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and norepinephrine (NE), were determined. Sphinganine (Sa) and sphingosine (So) concentrations and SPT activity in Brain and liver were used to evaluate the impact of myriocin on sphingolipid biosynthesis. Myriocin treatment increased DA in striatum and hippocampus and reduced it in cortex. NE concentration decreased in cerebellum and 5-HT levels were reduced in cortex and in medulla oblongata. Changes in ratios for DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA were observed in hippocampus, cortex and midBrain. Brain Sa, So and SPT activity remained unchanged, whereas Sa and SPT activity decreased in liver. Results showed that myriocin may alter the levels and metabolism of Brain Amines and this effect is not related with inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis in the nervous system.
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alterations in regional Brain neurotransmitters by silymarin a natural antioxidant flavonoid mixture in balb c mice
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Marcin F. Osuchowski, Victor J. Johnson, Quanren He, Raghubir P SharmaAbstract:Silymarin, a natural antioxidant flavonoid mixture, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the liver and hinders tumor formation. The effect of this flavonoid mixture on the central nervous system is unknown, although antioxidants are considered beneficial. Brain Amines and metabolites were studied after a short-term silymarin treatment. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally treated with 0, 10, 50, or 250 mg/kg of silymarin per day for 5 days. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection was performed to determine concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopAmine (DA), dioxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxytryptAmine (5-HT, serotonin) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in discrete Brain regions. Analyses showed increased 5-HT levels in the cortex and increased DA and NE levels in the cerebellum in the highest dose group. Results indicated lack of general adverse effect on the Brain Amine metabolism and suggest that silymarin may have marginal serot...