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Chundong Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • carbon dioxide utilization in a gas to methanol process combined with co2 steam mixed reforming techno economic Analysis
    Fuel, 2017
    Co-Authors: Chundong Zhang, Kiwon Jun, Ruxing Gao, Geunjae Kwak, Haegu Park
    Abstract:

    Abstract Conceptual design for two options of carbon-dioxide-utilized gas-to-methanol process (CGTM) was implemented by using process simulation software Aspen Plus. The overall mass and energy stream results as well as the thermal and carbon efficiency were obtained from the developed process models. Before the following economic evaluation and sensitivity Analysis, total capital investment (TCI) and total product cost (TPC) of both CGTM options were determined. Then, economic evaluation were conducted to assess the economic profitability of the base cases for both CGTM options, using the economic evaluation indicators such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and discounted payback period (DPBP). Furthermore, sensitivity Analysis as well as Break-Even Analysis were also applied to investigate the economic performance of both CGTM options under different circumstances, by changing parameters such as methanol and NG prices, plant scale, and carbon tax. It was shown that the methanol price, CAPEX, and NG price are the most sensitive factors, and the two CGTM options were economically feasible in the plant scale range of 2500–5000 ton per day, according to the economic evaluation indicators NPV, IRR, and DPBP, and were more economically competitive in the case of higher plant scale and carbon tax.

  • efficient utilization of associated natural gas in a modular gas to liquids process technical and economic Analysis
    Fuel, 2016
    Co-Authors: Chundong Zhang, Ruxing Gao, Geunjae Kwak, Seok Chang Kang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two process models for modular gas-to-liquids (GTL) process mainly producing Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthetic oils were developed by Aspen Plus software. Both models mainly comprised a reforming unit, an F–T synthesis unit, and a recycle unit, with the syngas generation and syngas ratio conditioning methods as the main difference. In the reforming unit, either steam reforming or CO 2 /Steam-mixed reforming was selected to generate the desired syngas. Co-based microchannel F–T synthesis was applied to convert the obtained syngas to synthetic oils. After F–T synthesis, a portion of the unreacted syngas was recycled to improve energy efficiency, and reduce CO 2 emissions. Technical and economic analyses were both employed to investigate the two modular GTL options. For the technical aspect, effects of recycling and splitting ratios on the performance of both options were investigated. Sensitivity Analysis and Break-Even Analysis were applied to the economic Analysis. It was found that the increased energy efficiency and reduced CO 2 emissions could be achieved by recycling a portion of the unreacted syngas. Both options were economically viable at the plant scale of 2500 BPD, and were more competitive in the event of high carbon tax.

  • efficient utilization of carbon dioxide in gas to liquids process process simulation and techno economic Analysis
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Chundong Zhang, Kiwon Jun, Ruxing Gao, Yunjo Lee, Seok Chang Kang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Conceptual design of two options of carbon dioxide utilized gas-to-liquids process (CUGP), which mainly produces light olefins and Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthetic oils, has been implemented with the aid of Aspen Plus software. The mass and energy stream results as well as the process efficiencies and CO2 emissions of the proposed options were obtained from the developed models. The capital investment and the product cost estimations were conducted before the following economic Analysis. Several indicators such as net present value (NPV), discounted payback period (DPBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated to evaluate the profitability of the two proposed options. In the economic Analysis, sensitivity Analysis as well as Break-Even Analysis was carried out. In addition, effects of several sensitive factors such as the prices of synthetic oil, olefin and natural gas, capital investment, carbon tax and plant scale on the IRR of each option were analyzed in detail. It was found that the CUGP, regardless of option, was economically feasible at the plant scale of 40,000 BPD and was more competitive compared with conventional GTL processes, in case of high carbon tax.

Seok Chang Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • efficient utilization of associated natural gas in a modular gas to liquids process technical and economic Analysis
    Fuel, 2016
    Co-Authors: Chundong Zhang, Ruxing Gao, Geunjae Kwak, Seok Chang Kang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two process models for modular gas-to-liquids (GTL) process mainly producing Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthetic oils were developed by Aspen Plus software. Both models mainly comprised a reforming unit, an F–T synthesis unit, and a recycle unit, with the syngas generation and syngas ratio conditioning methods as the main difference. In the reforming unit, either steam reforming or CO 2 /Steam-mixed reforming was selected to generate the desired syngas. Co-based microchannel F–T synthesis was applied to convert the obtained syngas to synthetic oils. After F–T synthesis, a portion of the unreacted syngas was recycled to improve energy efficiency, and reduce CO 2 emissions. Technical and economic analyses were both employed to investigate the two modular GTL options. For the technical aspect, effects of recycling and splitting ratios on the performance of both options were investigated. Sensitivity Analysis and Break-Even Analysis were applied to the economic Analysis. It was found that the increased energy efficiency and reduced CO 2 emissions could be achieved by recycling a portion of the unreacted syngas. Both options were economically viable at the plant scale of 2500 BPD, and were more competitive in the event of high carbon tax.

  • efficient utilization of carbon dioxide in gas to liquids process process simulation and techno economic Analysis
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Chundong Zhang, Kiwon Jun, Ruxing Gao, Yunjo Lee, Seok Chang Kang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Conceptual design of two options of carbon dioxide utilized gas-to-liquids process (CUGP), which mainly produces light olefins and Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthetic oils, has been implemented with the aid of Aspen Plus software. The mass and energy stream results as well as the process efficiencies and CO2 emissions of the proposed options were obtained from the developed models. The capital investment and the product cost estimations were conducted before the following economic Analysis. Several indicators such as net present value (NPV), discounted payback period (DPBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated to evaluate the profitability of the two proposed options. In the economic Analysis, sensitivity Analysis as well as Break-Even Analysis was carried out. In addition, effects of several sensitive factors such as the prices of synthetic oil, olefin and natural gas, capital investment, carbon tax and plant scale on the IRR of each option were analyzed in detail. It was found that the CUGP, regardless of option, was economically feasible at the plant scale of 40,000 BPD and was more competitive compared with conventional GTL processes, in case of high carbon tax.

Ruxing Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • carbon dioxide utilization in a gas to methanol process combined with co2 steam mixed reforming techno economic Analysis
    Fuel, 2017
    Co-Authors: Chundong Zhang, Kiwon Jun, Ruxing Gao, Geunjae Kwak, Haegu Park
    Abstract:

    Abstract Conceptual design for two options of carbon-dioxide-utilized gas-to-methanol process (CGTM) was implemented by using process simulation software Aspen Plus. The overall mass and energy stream results as well as the thermal and carbon efficiency were obtained from the developed process models. Before the following economic evaluation and sensitivity Analysis, total capital investment (TCI) and total product cost (TPC) of both CGTM options were determined. Then, economic evaluation were conducted to assess the economic profitability of the base cases for both CGTM options, using the economic evaluation indicators such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and discounted payback period (DPBP). Furthermore, sensitivity Analysis as well as Break-Even Analysis were also applied to investigate the economic performance of both CGTM options under different circumstances, by changing parameters such as methanol and NG prices, plant scale, and carbon tax. It was shown that the methanol price, CAPEX, and NG price are the most sensitive factors, and the two CGTM options were economically feasible in the plant scale range of 2500–5000 ton per day, according to the economic evaluation indicators NPV, IRR, and DPBP, and were more economically competitive in the case of higher plant scale and carbon tax.

  • efficient utilization of associated natural gas in a modular gas to liquids process technical and economic Analysis
    Fuel, 2016
    Co-Authors: Chundong Zhang, Ruxing Gao, Geunjae Kwak, Seok Chang Kang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two process models for modular gas-to-liquids (GTL) process mainly producing Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthetic oils were developed by Aspen Plus software. Both models mainly comprised a reforming unit, an F–T synthesis unit, and a recycle unit, with the syngas generation and syngas ratio conditioning methods as the main difference. In the reforming unit, either steam reforming or CO 2 /Steam-mixed reforming was selected to generate the desired syngas. Co-based microchannel F–T synthesis was applied to convert the obtained syngas to synthetic oils. After F–T synthesis, a portion of the unreacted syngas was recycled to improve energy efficiency, and reduce CO 2 emissions. Technical and economic analyses were both employed to investigate the two modular GTL options. For the technical aspect, effects of recycling and splitting ratios on the performance of both options were investigated. Sensitivity Analysis and Break-Even Analysis were applied to the economic Analysis. It was found that the increased energy efficiency and reduced CO 2 emissions could be achieved by recycling a portion of the unreacted syngas. Both options were economically viable at the plant scale of 2500 BPD, and were more competitive in the event of high carbon tax.

  • efficient utilization of carbon dioxide in gas to liquids process process simulation and techno economic Analysis
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Chundong Zhang, Kiwon Jun, Ruxing Gao, Yunjo Lee, Seok Chang Kang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Conceptual design of two options of carbon dioxide utilized gas-to-liquids process (CUGP), which mainly produces light olefins and Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthetic oils, has been implemented with the aid of Aspen Plus software. The mass and energy stream results as well as the process efficiencies and CO2 emissions of the proposed options were obtained from the developed models. The capital investment and the product cost estimations were conducted before the following economic Analysis. Several indicators such as net present value (NPV), discounted payback period (DPBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated to evaluate the profitability of the two proposed options. In the economic Analysis, sensitivity Analysis as well as Break-Even Analysis was carried out. In addition, effects of several sensitive factors such as the prices of synthetic oil, olefin and natural gas, capital investment, carbon tax and plant scale on the IRR of each option were analyzed in detail. It was found that the CUGP, regardless of option, was economically feasible at the plant scale of 40,000 BPD and was more competitive compared with conventional GTL processes, in case of high carbon tax.

Louisfrancois Pau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Botnet economics and devising defence schemes from attackers’ own reward processes
    2010
    Co-Authors: Louisfrancois Pau
    Abstract:

    This paper focuses on botnet economics and design of defensive strategies. It takes the view that by combining scarce information on the attackers’ business models, with rational economic Analysis of these business processes, one can identify design rules for economic defense mechanisms which the target can implement, often in a cheap way in addition to technical means. A short survey of game theory in the security area, is followed by a real case of an Internet casino. This leads to develop a model, applicable to this case and others, which is presented first qualitatively then quantitatively. This allows carrying out different analyses based on different equilibrium or termination principles; the ones studied are reward Break-Even Analysis, and Max-Min Analysis from game theory, for the target and the attackers. On that basis, a number of specific economic and information led defense strategies are identified which can be further studied using the model and specific adaptations to other data or cases.

  • botnet economics and devising defence schemes from attackers own reward processes a case with use of game theory
    Social Science Research Network, 2010
    Co-Authors: Louisfrancois Pau
    Abstract:

    This paper focuses on botnet economics and design of defensive strategies. It takes the view that by combining scarce information on the attackers’ business models, with rational economic Analysis of these business processes, one can identify some qualitative guidance on additional economic defense mechanisms which the target can implement, often in a cheaper way. After a short survey of game theory in the security area, is presented a real case of an Internet casino. This leads to develop a model, applicable to this case but of much more general nature, which is presented first qualitatively then quantitatively. This allows carrying out different analyses based on different equilibrium or termination principles; the ones studied are reward Break-Even Analysis, and Max-Min Analysis from game theory, for the target and the attackers. On that basis, a number of specific economic and information led defense strategies are identified which can be further studied using the model and specific adaptations to other data or cases.

Kiwon Jun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • carbon dioxide utilization in a gas to methanol process combined with co2 steam mixed reforming techno economic Analysis
    Fuel, 2017
    Co-Authors: Chundong Zhang, Kiwon Jun, Ruxing Gao, Geunjae Kwak, Haegu Park
    Abstract:

    Abstract Conceptual design for two options of carbon-dioxide-utilized gas-to-methanol process (CGTM) was implemented by using process simulation software Aspen Plus. The overall mass and energy stream results as well as the thermal and carbon efficiency were obtained from the developed process models. Before the following economic evaluation and sensitivity Analysis, total capital investment (TCI) and total product cost (TPC) of both CGTM options were determined. Then, economic evaluation were conducted to assess the economic profitability of the base cases for both CGTM options, using the economic evaluation indicators such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and discounted payback period (DPBP). Furthermore, sensitivity Analysis as well as Break-Even Analysis were also applied to investigate the economic performance of both CGTM options under different circumstances, by changing parameters such as methanol and NG prices, plant scale, and carbon tax. It was shown that the methanol price, CAPEX, and NG price are the most sensitive factors, and the two CGTM options were economically feasible in the plant scale range of 2500–5000 ton per day, according to the economic evaluation indicators NPV, IRR, and DPBP, and were more economically competitive in the case of higher plant scale and carbon tax.

  • efficient utilization of carbon dioxide in gas to liquids process process simulation and techno economic Analysis
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Chundong Zhang, Kiwon Jun, Ruxing Gao, Yunjo Lee, Seok Chang Kang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Conceptual design of two options of carbon dioxide utilized gas-to-liquids process (CUGP), which mainly produces light olefins and Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthetic oils, has been implemented with the aid of Aspen Plus software. The mass and energy stream results as well as the process efficiencies and CO2 emissions of the proposed options were obtained from the developed models. The capital investment and the product cost estimations were conducted before the following economic Analysis. Several indicators such as net present value (NPV), discounted payback period (DPBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated to evaluate the profitability of the two proposed options. In the economic Analysis, sensitivity Analysis as well as Break-Even Analysis was carried out. In addition, effects of several sensitive factors such as the prices of synthetic oil, olefin and natural gas, capital investment, carbon tax and plant scale on the IRR of each option were analyzed in detail. It was found that the CUGP, regardless of option, was economically feasible at the plant scale of 40,000 BPD and was more competitive compared with conventional GTL processes, in case of high carbon tax.