The Experts below are selected from a list of 93 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ryusuke Kakigi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Somatosensory processing of the tongue in humans.
Frontiers in physiology, 2010Co-Authors: Kiwako Sakamoto, Hiroki Nakata, Masato Yumoto, Ryusuke KakigiAbstract:We review research on somatosensory (tactile) processing of the tongue based on data obtained using non-invasive neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods. Technical difficulties in stimulating the tongue, due to the noise elicited by the stimulator, the fixation of the stimulator, and the vomiting reflex, have necessitated the development of specialized devices. In this article, we show the brain activity relating to somatosensory processing of the tongue evoked by such devices. More recently, the postero-lateral part of the tongue has been stimulated, and the brain response compared with that on stimulation of the antero-lateral part of the tongue. It is likely that a difference existed in somatosensory processing of the tongue, particularly around primary somatosensory cortex, Brodmann Area 40, and the anterior cingulate cortex.
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A difference exists in somatosensory processing between the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue.
Neuroscience research, 2009Co-Authors: Kiwako Sakamoto, Hiroki Nakata, Ryusuke Kakigi, Koji Inui, Mauro Gianni Perrucci, Cosimo Del Gratta, Gian Luca RomaniAbstract:The somatic sensation of the tongue is necessary for daily life, but it is difficult to know the underlying neural mechanisms. In particular, because of the vomiting reflex and several morphological problems, no neuroimaging studies have examined somatosensory processing by stimulating the posterior part of the tongue, except for two magnetoencephalographic studies (Sakamoto et al., 2008a,b). This is the first study to clarify the human cortical processing for sensory perception by the posterior part of the tongue with a newly developed device and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Stimulation of the left and right postero-lateral parts of the tongue induced significant activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and Brodmann Area 40 in the right hemisphere and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In contrast, antero-lateral stimulation produced activity only in the right SI. The activated region in SI was significantly larger following stimulation of the posterior than anterior part. These results indicate that a clear difference exists in somatosensory processing between stimulation of the antero-lateral and postero-lateral parts of the tongue, and a right hemisphere is dominant for the stimulation of both antero-lateral and postero-lateral Areas. The activity in BA 40 and ACC may imply that the posterior of the tongue belongs to the visceral system.
Kiwako Sakamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Somatosensory processing of the tongue in humans.
Frontiers in physiology, 2010Co-Authors: Kiwako Sakamoto, Hiroki Nakata, Masato Yumoto, Ryusuke KakigiAbstract:We review research on somatosensory (tactile) processing of the tongue based on data obtained using non-invasive neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods. Technical difficulties in stimulating the tongue, due to the noise elicited by the stimulator, the fixation of the stimulator, and the vomiting reflex, have necessitated the development of specialized devices. In this article, we show the brain activity relating to somatosensory processing of the tongue evoked by such devices. More recently, the postero-lateral part of the tongue has been stimulated, and the brain response compared with that on stimulation of the antero-lateral part of the tongue. It is likely that a difference existed in somatosensory processing of the tongue, particularly around primary somatosensory cortex, Brodmann Area 40, and the anterior cingulate cortex.
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A difference exists in somatosensory processing between the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue.
Neuroscience research, 2009Co-Authors: Kiwako Sakamoto, Hiroki Nakata, Ryusuke Kakigi, Koji Inui, Mauro Gianni Perrucci, Cosimo Del Gratta, Gian Luca RomaniAbstract:The somatic sensation of the tongue is necessary for daily life, but it is difficult to know the underlying neural mechanisms. In particular, because of the vomiting reflex and several morphological problems, no neuroimaging studies have examined somatosensory processing by stimulating the posterior part of the tongue, except for two magnetoencephalographic studies (Sakamoto et al., 2008a,b). This is the first study to clarify the human cortical processing for sensory perception by the posterior part of the tongue with a newly developed device and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Stimulation of the left and right postero-lateral parts of the tongue induced significant activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and Brodmann Area 40 in the right hemisphere and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In contrast, antero-lateral stimulation produced activity only in the right SI. The activated region in SI was significantly larger following stimulation of the posterior than anterior part. These results indicate that a clear difference exists in somatosensory processing between stimulation of the antero-lateral and postero-lateral parts of the tongue, and a right hemisphere is dominant for the stimulation of both antero-lateral and postero-lateral Areas. The activity in BA 40 and ACC may imply that the posterior of the tongue belongs to the visceral system.
M. F. Beal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evidence of increased oxidative damage in both sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal of neurochemistry, 2002Co-Authors: R. J. Ferrante, Susan E. Browne, Leslie A. Shinobu, Allen C. Bowling, M. J. Baik, Usha Macgarvey, Neil W. Kowall, Robert H. Brown, M. F. BealAbstract:Some cases of autosomal dominant familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) are associated with mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), suggesting that oxidative damage may play a role in ALS pathogenesis. To further investigate the biochemical features of FALS and sporadic ALS (SALS), we examined markers of oxidative damage to protein, lipids, and DNA in motor cortex (Brodmann Area 4), parietal cortex (Brodmann Area 40), and cerebellum from control subjects, FALS patients with and without known SOD mutations, SALS patients, and disease controls (Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, diffuse Lewy body disease). Protein carbonyl and nuclear DNA 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (OH8dG) levels were increased in SALS motor cortex but not in FALS patients. Malondialdehyde levels showed no significant changes. Immunohistochemical studies showed increased neuronal staining for hemeoxygenase-1, malondialdehyde-modified protein, and OH8dG in both SALS and FALS spinal cord. These studies therefore provide further evidence that oxidative damage may play a role in the pathogenesis of neuronal degeneration in both SALS and FALS.
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Metabolic dysfunction in familial, but not sporadic, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal of neurochemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Susan E. Browne, Allen C. Bowling, M. J. Baik, Robert H. Brown, Mark E. Gurney, M. F. BealAbstract:Autosomal dominant familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Previous studies have implicated the involvement of metabolic dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis. To further investigate the biochemical features of FALS and sporadic ALS (SALS), we examined SOD activity and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzyme activities in motor cortex (Brodmann Area 4), parietal cortex (Brodmann Area 40), and cerebellum from control subjects, FALS patients with and without known SOD mutations, SALS patients, and disease controls (Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, diffuse Lewy body disease). Cytosolic SOD activity, predominantly Cu/Zn SOD, was decreased approximately 50% in all regions in FALS patients with SOD mutations but was not significantly altered in other patient groups. Marked increases in complex I and II-III activities were seen in FALS patients with SOD mutations but not in SALS patients. We also measured electron transport chain enzyme activities in a transgenic mouse model of FALS. Complex I activity was significantly increased in the forebrain of 60-day-old G93A transgenic mice overexpressing human mutant SOD1, relative to levels in transgenic wild-type animals, supporting the hypothesis that the motor neuron disorder associated with SOD1 mutations involves a defect in mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Charles J. Hodge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of hyperoxia on human sensorimotor cortex activity produced by electrical stimulation of the median nerve: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
Neuroscience Letters, 2001Co-Authors: Maxwell Boakye, Beth R. Krauss, Sean C. Huckins, Lin Zhang, Nikolaus M. Szeverenyi, Charles J. HodgeAbstract:Abstract This study investigated the effect of hyperoxia on sensorimotorcortical activity resulting from electrical stimulation of the median nerve, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Nine volunteers underwent stimulation at 5 and 100 Hz while breathing 21% FIO 2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) or 100% FIO 2 . fMRI data were correlated with a stimulus predictor curve, transformed into Talairach space and averaged by group. Normoxic (21% FIO 2 ) and hyperoxic (100% FIO 2 ) sensorimotor activation volumes were compared using Student's t -test.There were no significant differences between the primary somatosensory/primary motor/Brodmann Area 40 (SI/MI/Ba40) and secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) activation volumes for normoxia and hyperoxia. ( P >0.05). There was no difference between SI/MI/Ba40 and SII activations at 5 and 100 Hz. In contrast to results previously reported for primary visual cortex (V1), hyperoxia did not enhance sensorimotor cortical activation in Area SI/MI/Ba40 or SII. These results indicate that there is regional heterogeneity of the fMRI response to hyperoxia in the cerebral cortex.
Hiroki Nakata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Somatosensory processing of the tongue in humans.
Frontiers in physiology, 2010Co-Authors: Kiwako Sakamoto, Hiroki Nakata, Masato Yumoto, Ryusuke KakigiAbstract:We review research on somatosensory (tactile) processing of the tongue based on data obtained using non-invasive neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods. Technical difficulties in stimulating the tongue, due to the noise elicited by the stimulator, the fixation of the stimulator, and the vomiting reflex, have necessitated the development of specialized devices. In this article, we show the brain activity relating to somatosensory processing of the tongue evoked by such devices. More recently, the postero-lateral part of the tongue has been stimulated, and the brain response compared with that on stimulation of the antero-lateral part of the tongue. It is likely that a difference existed in somatosensory processing of the tongue, particularly around primary somatosensory cortex, Brodmann Area 40, and the anterior cingulate cortex.
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A difference exists in somatosensory processing between the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue.
Neuroscience research, 2009Co-Authors: Kiwako Sakamoto, Hiroki Nakata, Ryusuke Kakigi, Koji Inui, Mauro Gianni Perrucci, Cosimo Del Gratta, Gian Luca RomaniAbstract:The somatic sensation of the tongue is necessary for daily life, but it is difficult to know the underlying neural mechanisms. In particular, because of the vomiting reflex and several morphological problems, no neuroimaging studies have examined somatosensory processing by stimulating the posterior part of the tongue, except for two magnetoencephalographic studies (Sakamoto et al., 2008a,b). This is the first study to clarify the human cortical processing for sensory perception by the posterior part of the tongue with a newly developed device and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Stimulation of the left and right postero-lateral parts of the tongue induced significant activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and Brodmann Area 40 in the right hemisphere and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In contrast, antero-lateral stimulation produced activity only in the right SI. The activated region in SI was significantly larger following stimulation of the posterior than anterior part. These results indicate that a clear difference exists in somatosensory processing between stimulation of the antero-lateral and postero-lateral parts of the tongue, and a right hemisphere is dominant for the stimulation of both antero-lateral and postero-lateral Areas. The activity in BA 40 and ACC may imply that the posterior of the tongue belongs to the visceral system.
