The Experts below are selected from a list of 3825 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Amy Pavel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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twitter a11y a Browser Extension to make twitter images accessible
Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Cole Gleason, Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Patrick Carrington, Amy Pavel, Kris M Kitani, Jeffrey P BighamAbstract:Social media platforms are integral to public and private discourse, but are becoming less accessible to people with vision impairments due to an increase in user-posted images. Some platforms (i.e. Twitter) let users add image descriptions (alternative text), but only 0.1% of images include these. To address this accessibility barrier, we created Twitter A11y, a Browser Extension to add alternative text on Twitter using six methods. For example, screenshots of text are common, so we detect textual images, and create alternative text using optical character recognition. Twitter A11y also leverages services to automatically generate alternative text or reuse them from across the web. We compare the coverage and quality of Twitter A11y's six alt-text strategies by evaluating the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users. We find that Twitter A11y increases alt-text coverage from 7.6% to 78.5%, before crowdsourcing descriptions for the remaining images. We estimate that 57.5% of returned descriptions are high-quality. We then report on the experiences of 10 participants with visual impairments using the tool during a week-long deployment. Twitter A11y increases access to social media platforms for people with visual impairments by providing high-quality automatic descriptions for user-posted images.
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CHI - Twitter A11y: A Browser Extension to Make Twitter Images Accessible
Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Cole Gleason, Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Patrick Carrington, Amy Pavel, Kris M Kitani, Jeffrey P BighamAbstract:Social media platforms are integral to public and private discourse, but are becoming less accessible to people with vision impairments due to an increase in user-posted images. Some platforms (i.e. Twitter) let users add image descriptions (alternative text), but only 0.1% of images include these. To address this accessibility barrier, we created Twitter A11y, a Browser Extension to add alternative text on Twitter using six methods. For example, screenshots of text are common, so we detect textual images, and create alternative text using optical character recognition. Twitter A11y also leverages services to automatically generate alternative text or reuse them from across the web. We compare the coverage and quality of Twitter A11y's six alt-text strategies by evaluating the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users. We find that Twitter A11y increases alt-text coverage from 7.6% to 78.5%, before crowdsourcing descriptions for the remaining images. We estimate that 57.5% of returned descriptions are high-quality. We then report on the experiences of 10 participants with visual impairments using the tool during a week-long deployment. Twitter A11y increases access to social media platforms for people with visual impairments by providing high-quality automatic descriptions for user-posted images.
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twitter a11y a Browser Extension to describe images
Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2019Co-Authors: Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Jeffrey P Bigham, Amy PavelAbstract:Twitter is integral to many people's lives for news, entertainment, and communication. While people increasingly post images to Twitter, a large majority of images remain inaccessible to people with vision impairments due to a lack of image descriptions (i.e. alternative text). We present Twitter A11y (pronounced ally), a Browser Extension to make images accessible through a set of strategies tailored to the platform. For example, screenshots of text that exceed the Twitter character limit are common, so we detect textual images, and automatically add alternative text using optical character recognition. Tweet images apart from screenshots and link previews receive descriptions from crowd workers. Based on an evaluation of the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users, Twitter A11y increases automatic alt text coverage from 2.6% to 25.6%, before crowdsourcing the remaining images.
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ASSETS - Twitter A11y: A Browser Extension to Describe Images
The 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2019Co-Authors: Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Jeffrey P Bigham, Amy PavelAbstract:Twitter is integral to many people's lives for news, entertainment, and communication. While people increasingly post images to Twitter, a large majority of images remain inaccessible to people with vision impairments due to a lack of image descriptions (i.e. alternative text). We present Twitter A11y (pronounced ally), a Browser Extension to make images accessible through a set of strategies tailored to the platform. For example, screenshots of text that exceed the Twitter character limit are common, so we detect textual images, and automatically add alternative text using optical character recognition. Tweet images apart from screenshots and link previews receive descriptions from crowd workers. Based on an evaluation of the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users, Twitter A11y increases automatic alt text coverage from 2.6% to 25.6%, before crowdsourcing the remaining images.
Anil Saini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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colluding Browser Extension attack on user privacy and its implication for web Browsers
Computers & Security, 2016Co-Authors: Anil Saini, Manoj Singh Gaur, Vijay Laxmi, Mauro ContiAbstract:Abstract Browser functionality can be widely extended by Browser Extensions. One of the key features that make Browser Extensions so powerful is that they run with “high” privileges. As a consequence, a vulnerable or malicious Extension might expose the resources to possible attacks such as privilege escalation, information stealing, and session hijacking. We consider as resources the Browser components or the system resources accessed through the Browser Extensions. In addition, an Extension can even interact with other installed Extensions to perform various tasks such as share information, notify events, and change preferences. In this paper, we extend the concept of colluding Extension discussed in the literature. Furthermore, we demonstrate a new attack that can leverage this concept and cause privacy leakage in a web Browser. The communication between Extensions permit two Extensions to collude with each other, and share objects that are allocated in the same address space. As improvement on the work discussed in the literature, we show the way in which colluding Extensions can communicate over overt and covert communication channels for executing colluding attacks. In addition, we test the effectiveness of newly identified attacks against representative state-of-art techniques for Browser Extensions. In particular, we identify: (a) object reference sharing; (b) event notification; and (c) preference overriding as the vulnerable points in the Browser Extension system. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed attack through colluding Extensions using various attack scenarios, and we provide a proof-of-concept implementation for web domains including the banking and shopping domains. We believe that the use-case scenarios we consider in our demonstration further underlines the severity of the presented attack. Finally, we discuss possible mitigation techniques to address the given colluding attack.
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sandfox secure sandboxed and isolated environment for firefox Browser
Security of Information and Networks, 2015Co-Authors: Anil Saini, Manoj Singh Gaur, Vijay Laxmi, Priyadarsi NandaAbstract:Browser functionalities can be widely extended by Browser Extensions. One of the key features that makes Browser Extensions so powerful is that they run with "high" privileges. As a consequence, a vulnerable or malicious Extension might expose Browser, and operating system (OS) resources to possible attacks such as privilege escalation, information stealing, and session hijacking. The resources are referred as Browser as well as OS components accessed through Browser Extension such as accessing information on the web application, executing arbitrary processes, and even access files from a host file system. This paper presents sandFOX (secure sandbox and iso- lated environment), a client-side Browser policies for constructing sandbox environment. sandFOX allows the Browser Extension to express fine-grained OS specific security policies that are enforced at runtime. In particular, our proposed policies provide the protection to OS resources (e.g., host file system, network and processes) from the Browser attacks. We use Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) to tune OS and build a sandbox that helps in reducing potential damage from attacks on the OS resources. To show the practicality of sandFOX in a range of settings, we compute the effectiveness of sandFOX for various Browser attacks on OS resources. We also show that sandFOX enabled Browser experiences low overhead on loading pages and utilizes negligible memory when running with sandbox environment.
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SIN - sandFOX: secure sandboxed and isolated environment for firefox Browser
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks - SIN '15, 2015Co-Authors: Anil Saini, Manoj Singh Gaur, Vijay Laxmi, Priyadarsi NandaAbstract:Browser functionalities can be widely extended by Browser Extensions. One of the key features that makes Browser Extensions so powerful is that they run with "high" privileges. As a consequence, a vulnerable or malicious Extension might expose Browser, and operating system (OS) resources to possible attacks such as privilege escalation, information stealing, and session hijacking. The resources are referred as Browser as well as OS components accessed through Browser Extension such as accessing information on the web application, executing arbitrary processes, and even access files from a host file system. This paper presents sandFOX (secure sandbox and iso- lated environment), a client-side Browser policies for constructing sandbox environment. sandFOX allows the Browser Extension to express fine-grained OS specific security policies that are enforced at runtime. In particular, our proposed policies provide the protection to OS resources (e.g., host file system, network and processes) from the Browser attacks. We use Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) to tune OS and build a sandbox that helps in reducing potential damage from attacks on the OS resources. To show the practicality of sandFOX in a range of settings, we compute the effectiveness of sandFOX for various Browser attacks on OS resources. We also show that sandFOX enabled Browser experiences low overhead on loading pages and utilizes negligible memory when running with sandbox environment.
Jeffrey P Bigham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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twitter a11y a Browser Extension to make twitter images accessible
Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Cole Gleason, Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Patrick Carrington, Amy Pavel, Kris M Kitani, Jeffrey P BighamAbstract:Social media platforms are integral to public and private discourse, but are becoming less accessible to people with vision impairments due to an increase in user-posted images. Some platforms (i.e. Twitter) let users add image descriptions (alternative text), but only 0.1% of images include these. To address this accessibility barrier, we created Twitter A11y, a Browser Extension to add alternative text on Twitter using six methods. For example, screenshots of text are common, so we detect textual images, and create alternative text using optical character recognition. Twitter A11y also leverages services to automatically generate alternative text or reuse them from across the web. We compare the coverage and quality of Twitter A11y's six alt-text strategies by evaluating the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users. We find that Twitter A11y increases alt-text coverage from 7.6% to 78.5%, before crowdsourcing descriptions for the remaining images. We estimate that 57.5% of returned descriptions are high-quality. We then report on the experiences of 10 participants with visual impairments using the tool during a week-long deployment. Twitter A11y increases access to social media platforms for people with visual impairments by providing high-quality automatic descriptions for user-posted images.
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CHI - Twitter A11y: A Browser Extension to Make Twitter Images Accessible
Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Cole Gleason, Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Patrick Carrington, Amy Pavel, Kris M Kitani, Jeffrey P BighamAbstract:Social media platforms are integral to public and private discourse, but are becoming less accessible to people with vision impairments due to an increase in user-posted images. Some platforms (i.e. Twitter) let users add image descriptions (alternative text), but only 0.1% of images include these. To address this accessibility barrier, we created Twitter A11y, a Browser Extension to add alternative text on Twitter using six methods. For example, screenshots of text are common, so we detect textual images, and create alternative text using optical character recognition. Twitter A11y also leverages services to automatically generate alternative text or reuse them from across the web. We compare the coverage and quality of Twitter A11y's six alt-text strategies by evaluating the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users. We find that Twitter A11y increases alt-text coverage from 7.6% to 78.5%, before crowdsourcing descriptions for the remaining images. We estimate that 57.5% of returned descriptions are high-quality. We then report on the experiences of 10 participants with visual impairments using the tool during a week-long deployment. Twitter A11y increases access to social media platforms for people with visual impairments by providing high-quality automatic descriptions for user-posted images.
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twitter a11y a Browser Extension to describe images
Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2019Co-Authors: Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Jeffrey P Bigham, Amy PavelAbstract:Twitter is integral to many people's lives for news, entertainment, and communication. While people increasingly post images to Twitter, a large majority of images remain inaccessible to people with vision impairments due to a lack of image descriptions (i.e. alternative text). We present Twitter A11y (pronounced ally), a Browser Extension to make images accessible through a set of strategies tailored to the platform. For example, screenshots of text that exceed the Twitter character limit are common, so we detect textual images, and automatically add alternative text using optical character recognition. Tweet images apart from screenshots and link previews receive descriptions from crowd workers. Based on an evaluation of the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users, Twitter A11y increases automatic alt text coverage from 2.6% to 25.6%, before crowdsourcing the remaining images.
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ASSETS - Twitter A11y: A Browser Extension to Describe Images
The 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2019Co-Authors: Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Jeffrey P Bigham, Amy PavelAbstract:Twitter is integral to many people's lives for news, entertainment, and communication. While people increasingly post images to Twitter, a large majority of images remain inaccessible to people with vision impairments due to a lack of image descriptions (i.e. alternative text). We present Twitter A11y (pronounced ally), a Browser Extension to make images accessible through a set of strategies tailored to the platform. For example, screenshots of text that exceed the Twitter character limit are common, so we detect textual images, and automatically add alternative text using optical character recognition. Tweet images apart from screenshots and link previews receive descriptions from crowd workers. Based on an evaluation of the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users, Twitter A11y increases automatic alt text coverage from 2.6% to 25.6%, before crowdsourcing the remaining images.
Christina Low - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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twitter a11y a Browser Extension to make twitter images accessible
Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Cole Gleason, Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Patrick Carrington, Amy Pavel, Kris M Kitani, Jeffrey P BighamAbstract:Social media platforms are integral to public and private discourse, but are becoming less accessible to people with vision impairments due to an increase in user-posted images. Some platforms (i.e. Twitter) let users add image descriptions (alternative text), but only 0.1% of images include these. To address this accessibility barrier, we created Twitter A11y, a Browser Extension to add alternative text on Twitter using six methods. For example, screenshots of text are common, so we detect textual images, and create alternative text using optical character recognition. Twitter A11y also leverages services to automatically generate alternative text or reuse them from across the web. We compare the coverage and quality of Twitter A11y's six alt-text strategies by evaluating the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users. We find that Twitter A11y increases alt-text coverage from 7.6% to 78.5%, before crowdsourcing descriptions for the remaining images. We estimate that 57.5% of returned descriptions are high-quality. We then report on the experiences of 10 participants with visual impairments using the tool during a week-long deployment. Twitter A11y increases access to social media platforms for people with visual impairments by providing high-quality automatic descriptions for user-posted images.
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CHI - Twitter A11y: A Browser Extension to Make Twitter Images Accessible
Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Cole Gleason, Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Patrick Carrington, Amy Pavel, Kris M Kitani, Jeffrey P BighamAbstract:Social media platforms are integral to public and private discourse, but are becoming less accessible to people with vision impairments due to an increase in user-posted images. Some platforms (i.e. Twitter) let users add image descriptions (alternative text), but only 0.1% of images include these. To address this accessibility barrier, we created Twitter A11y, a Browser Extension to add alternative text on Twitter using six methods. For example, screenshots of text are common, so we detect textual images, and create alternative text using optical character recognition. Twitter A11y also leverages services to automatically generate alternative text or reuse them from across the web. We compare the coverage and quality of Twitter A11y's six alt-text strategies by evaluating the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users. We find that Twitter A11y increases alt-text coverage from 7.6% to 78.5%, before crowdsourcing descriptions for the remaining images. We estimate that 57.5% of returned descriptions are high-quality. We then report on the experiences of 10 participants with visual impairments using the tool during a week-long deployment. Twitter A11y increases access to social media platforms for people with visual impairments by providing high-quality automatic descriptions for user-posted images.
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twitter a11y a Browser Extension to describe images
Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2019Co-Authors: Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Jeffrey P Bigham, Amy PavelAbstract:Twitter is integral to many people's lives for news, entertainment, and communication. While people increasingly post images to Twitter, a large majority of images remain inaccessible to people with vision impairments due to a lack of image descriptions (i.e. alternative text). We present Twitter A11y (pronounced ally), a Browser Extension to make images accessible through a set of strategies tailored to the platform. For example, screenshots of text that exceed the Twitter character limit are common, so we detect textual images, and automatically add alternative text using optical character recognition. Tweet images apart from screenshots and link previews receive descriptions from crowd workers. Based on an evaluation of the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users, Twitter A11y increases automatic alt text coverage from 2.6% to 25.6%, before crowdsourcing the remaining images.
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ASSETS - Twitter A11y: A Browser Extension to Describe Images
The 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2019Co-Authors: Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Jeffrey P Bigham, Amy PavelAbstract:Twitter is integral to many people's lives for news, entertainment, and communication. While people increasingly post images to Twitter, a large majority of images remain inaccessible to people with vision impairments due to a lack of image descriptions (i.e. alternative text). We present Twitter A11y (pronounced ally), a Browser Extension to make images accessible through a set of strategies tailored to the platform. For example, screenshots of text that exceed the Twitter character limit are common, so we detect textual images, and automatically add alternative text using optical character recognition. Tweet images apart from screenshots and link previews receive descriptions from crowd workers. Based on an evaluation of the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users, Twitter A11y increases automatic alt text coverage from 2.6% to 25.6%, before crowdsourcing the remaining images.
Cole Gleason - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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twitter a11y a Browser Extension to make twitter images accessible
Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Cole Gleason, Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Patrick Carrington, Amy Pavel, Kris M Kitani, Jeffrey P BighamAbstract:Social media platforms are integral to public and private discourse, but are becoming less accessible to people with vision impairments due to an increase in user-posted images. Some platforms (i.e. Twitter) let users add image descriptions (alternative text), but only 0.1% of images include these. To address this accessibility barrier, we created Twitter A11y, a Browser Extension to add alternative text on Twitter using six methods. For example, screenshots of text are common, so we detect textual images, and create alternative text using optical character recognition. Twitter A11y also leverages services to automatically generate alternative text or reuse them from across the web. We compare the coverage and quality of Twitter A11y's six alt-text strategies by evaluating the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users. We find that Twitter A11y increases alt-text coverage from 7.6% to 78.5%, before crowdsourcing descriptions for the remaining images. We estimate that 57.5% of returned descriptions are high-quality. We then report on the experiences of 10 participants with visual impairments using the tool during a week-long deployment. Twitter A11y increases access to social media platforms for people with visual impairments by providing high-quality automatic descriptions for user-posted images.
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CHI - Twitter A11y: A Browser Extension to Make Twitter Images Accessible
Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Cole Gleason, Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Patrick Carrington, Amy Pavel, Kris M Kitani, Jeffrey P BighamAbstract:Social media platforms are integral to public and private discourse, but are becoming less accessible to people with vision impairments due to an increase in user-posted images. Some platforms (i.e. Twitter) let users add image descriptions (alternative text), but only 0.1% of images include these. To address this accessibility barrier, we created Twitter A11y, a Browser Extension to add alternative text on Twitter using six methods. For example, screenshots of text are common, so we detect textual images, and create alternative text using optical character recognition. Twitter A11y also leverages services to automatically generate alternative text or reuse them from across the web. We compare the coverage and quality of Twitter A11y's six alt-text strategies by evaluating the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users. We find that Twitter A11y increases alt-text coverage from 7.6% to 78.5%, before crowdsourcing descriptions for the remaining images. We estimate that 57.5% of returned descriptions are high-quality. We then report on the experiences of 10 participants with visual impairments using the tool during a week-long deployment. Twitter A11y increases access to social media platforms for people with visual impairments by providing high-quality automatic descriptions for user-posted images.
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twitter a11y a Browser Extension to describe images
Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2019Co-Authors: Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Jeffrey P Bigham, Amy PavelAbstract:Twitter is integral to many people's lives for news, entertainment, and communication. While people increasingly post images to Twitter, a large majority of images remain inaccessible to people with vision impairments due to a lack of image descriptions (i.e. alternative text). We present Twitter A11y (pronounced ally), a Browser Extension to make images accessible through a set of strategies tailored to the platform. For example, screenshots of text that exceed the Twitter character limit are common, so we detect textual images, and automatically add alternative text using optical character recognition. Tweet images apart from screenshots and link previews receive descriptions from crowd workers. Based on an evaluation of the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users, Twitter A11y increases automatic alt text coverage from 2.6% to 25.6%, before crowdsourcing the remaining images.
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ASSETS - Twitter A11y: A Browser Extension to Describe Images
The 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2019Co-Authors: Christina Low, Emma Mccamey, Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Jeffrey P Bigham, Amy PavelAbstract:Twitter is integral to many people's lives for news, entertainment, and communication. While people increasingly post images to Twitter, a large majority of images remain inaccessible to people with vision impairments due to a lack of image descriptions (i.e. alternative text). We present Twitter A11y (pronounced ally), a Browser Extension to make images accessible through a set of strategies tailored to the platform. For example, screenshots of text that exceed the Twitter character limit are common, so we detect textual images, and automatically add alternative text using optical character recognition. Tweet images apart from screenshots and link previews receive descriptions from crowd workers. Based on an evaluation of the timelines of 50 self-identified blind Twitter users, Twitter A11y increases automatic alt text coverage from 2.6% to 25.6%, before crowdsourcing the remaining images.
