Butyrate Esterase

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Rogelio Martín - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Mirja Salkinoja-salonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Vertical distribution of sediment enzyme activities involved in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in three boreal rural lakes.
    Water research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Risto Hakulinen, Mika A. Kähkönen, Mirja Salkinoja-salonen
    Abstract:

    Vertical distribution of eleven hydrolytic enzyme activities were investigated with fluorogenic model substrates in boreal rural lake sediments, Lake Uurainen (13 km(2)), Lake Jamijarvi (9 km(2)) and Lake Pyylampi (0.068 km(2)), in Finland. The eleven hydrolytic enzyme activities were high into deep sediment layers indicating potential for turnover of organic matter in the permanently anoxic zones. The activities of beta-glucosidase, sulphatase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase were similar in the three lakes independent on the ecological status of the lake. Acetate- and Butyrate-Esterase were more active than the other enzymes in the three lakes. These unspecific Esterases had sediment activities in forest Lake Pyylampi close to those reported for boreal coniferous forest soils in Finland. Similar beta-cellobiosidase activities throughout the sediment depths indicated constant depolymerisation potential for cellulose.

  • Areal activities and stratification of hydrolytic enzymes involved in the biochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus in podsolized boreal forest soils
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004
    Co-Authors: Christophe Wittmann, Mika A. Kähkönen, Hannu Ilvesniemi, Jukka Kurola, Mirja Salkinoja-salonen
    Abstract:

    Abstract A novel approach allowing on-site high throughput enzyme activity measurements by fluorogenic model substrates was applied to study the functioning of enzymes involved in biochemical cycling of nutrients in boreal forest soil ecosystems. The examined enzymes comprised α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, β-cellobiosidase, N-acetyl-glucosamidase, acetate-Esterase, Butyrate-Esterase, phosphomonoEsterase, sulphatase and aminopeptidase, whereby spatial and seasonal variation of their activity was investigated over nine seasons in 2 years. The studied sites of boreal podzolized soil of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies forest were located in central Finland. Activity of all enzymes except sulphatase was highest in the humus layer in all seasons. Maximum sulphatase activity was located below the humus layer in the soil column. Annual activities of acetate-Esterase, Butyrate-Esterase, β-glucosidase and phosphomonosterase calculated to in situ temperature during the year were 480–700, 690–950, 110–190 and 110–200 mol m−2 year−1, respectively. They were up to 100 fold higher than the other six measured activities. The overall turnover capacity of the enzymes was >1000 mol of ester linked carbon, >700 mols carbon from different carbohydrates, 100–200 mol of ester linked phosphate, 10–40 mol of ester linked sulphate m−2 year−1. Winter time (November–April) contributed from 7 to 32% to the annual turnover capacity indicating important enzyme activities also during a cold period of the year. Clear-cutting of the tree stand did not adversely affect enzyme activities related to the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus during the year. The pH optimum for hemicellulose and cellulose hydrolysing enzymes was pH 3–4 and the pH optimum of phosphomonoEsterase, sulphatase, aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-glucosamidase was 4–5. This shows that the hydrolytic activities were adapted to the acid pH-values of the soils. The soil hydrolytic potential was many fold higher as compared to the actual amount of litter it received in the P. sylvestris and P. abies forests.

  • Integrative assessment of sediment quality history in pulp mill recipient area in Finland
    Water Science and Technology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Mika A. Kähkönen, Mikko Liukkonen, Christoph Wittmann, Kimmo P. Suominen, Mirja Salkinoja-salonen
    Abstract:

    Sediments were dated and the quality assessed by polyphasic approach in an area of Lake Saimaa, which has received waste water from bleached kraft pulp production since 1954. The chosen nonrecipient forest Lake Pyylampi was situated in the same area. The activities of the enzymes Butyrate-Esterase and aminopeptidase were depressed at the depth of 2 to 8 cm in the recipient but not in the forst lake sediment. In the same layers the contents of EOX-C1 and toxicity to Vibrio fischeri were very high compared to those above or below. Toxicity to microbial community in the 2 to 8 cm layer was also indicated by a gap in the ATP content and a drop in diatom species richness from the 70 species to < 50 reflecting decreased water quality of the pelagic area. All these changes dated to the period of heavy organic halogen discharges, from 1960 to late 1980s, which led to sediment accumulation of solvent soluble halogen at a depth of 2 to 8 cm, to 6.4 g m−2 (cm)−1. In the most polluted sediment layers heavy metal accumulation was too little to be related to the toxicity of these layers. Almost complete recovery of both the sediment microbial ecosystems and of the pelagic diatoms occurred after elemental chlorine was completely substituted by chlorine dioxide and biological treatment adopted for wastewaters. Butyrate-Esterase and aminopeptidase, but not phosphatase, activities correlated positively with the ATP content of the sediment. Butyrate-Esterase may be used as a tool to estimate microbial biomass.

José L. Pérez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Mika A. Kähkönen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Microbial activities in soils of a former sawmill area
    Chemosphere, 2006
    Co-Authors: Mika A. Kähkönen, Marja Tuomela, Annele Hatakka
    Abstract:

    Abstract To find out microbial metabolic functioning and toxicity in a former sawmill area, carbon dioxide evolution, methane oxidation potential, 10 hydrolytic enzyme activities, Vibrio fischeri test, fluoresceine diacetate hydrolysis activity (FDA), soil pH, carbon, nitrogen and pentachlorophenol (PCP) content were measured at four sites. The area is contaminated with aged chlorophenols. Chlorophenol content of soil was analyzed with a novel HPLC-MS technique, which allowed to measure chlorophenols without derivatization. The sites had a pollution gradient from 0.5 to 15 μg PCP g dw of soil −1 . Endogenous carbon dioxide evolution, methane oxidation potential, Butyrate-Esterase, acetate-Esterase, sulphatase and aminopeptidase activities were lower at the site 2 than 3, although the site 2 and 3 had similar content of carbon and nitrogen. The soil was toxic in V. fischeri test at the site 2, which had high content of PCP (3.93 ± 1.00 μg PCP g dw of soil −1 ). The results indicated that endogenous carbon dioxide evolution, methane oxidation potential, Butyrate-Esterase, acetate-Esterase, sulphatase and aminopeptidase activities were sensitive to PCP in the soil. The results indicated that α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, β-cellobiosidase, phosphomonoEsterase, N -acetyl-glucosaminidase activity and FDA hydrolysis activity were not sensitive to PCP in the soil. Soil processes involved in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus were only slightly vulnerable in the former sawmill area and most sensitive microbial species were probably replaced with more tolerant ones to maintain and recover functioning of the former sawmill soils.

  • Vertical distribution of sediment enzyme activities involved in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in three boreal rural lakes.
    Water research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Risto Hakulinen, Mika A. Kähkönen, Mirja Salkinoja-salonen
    Abstract:

    Vertical distribution of eleven hydrolytic enzyme activities were investigated with fluorogenic model substrates in boreal rural lake sediments, Lake Uurainen (13 km(2)), Lake Jamijarvi (9 km(2)) and Lake Pyylampi (0.068 km(2)), in Finland. The eleven hydrolytic enzyme activities were high into deep sediment layers indicating potential for turnover of organic matter in the permanently anoxic zones. The activities of beta-glucosidase, sulphatase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase were similar in the three lakes independent on the ecological status of the lake. Acetate- and Butyrate-Esterase were more active than the other enzymes in the three lakes. These unspecific Esterases had sediment activities in forest Lake Pyylampi close to those reported for boreal coniferous forest soils in Finland. Similar beta-cellobiosidase activities throughout the sediment depths indicated constant depolymerisation potential for cellulose.

  • Areal activities and stratification of hydrolytic enzymes involved in the biochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus in podsolized boreal forest soils
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004
    Co-Authors: Christophe Wittmann, Mika A. Kähkönen, Hannu Ilvesniemi, Jukka Kurola, Mirja Salkinoja-salonen
    Abstract:

    Abstract A novel approach allowing on-site high throughput enzyme activity measurements by fluorogenic model substrates was applied to study the functioning of enzymes involved in biochemical cycling of nutrients in boreal forest soil ecosystems. The examined enzymes comprised α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, β-cellobiosidase, N-acetyl-glucosamidase, acetate-Esterase, Butyrate-Esterase, phosphomonoEsterase, sulphatase and aminopeptidase, whereby spatial and seasonal variation of their activity was investigated over nine seasons in 2 years. The studied sites of boreal podzolized soil of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies forest were located in central Finland. Activity of all enzymes except sulphatase was highest in the humus layer in all seasons. Maximum sulphatase activity was located below the humus layer in the soil column. Annual activities of acetate-Esterase, Butyrate-Esterase, β-glucosidase and phosphomonosterase calculated to in situ temperature during the year were 480–700, 690–950, 110–190 and 110–200 mol m−2 year−1, respectively. They were up to 100 fold higher than the other six measured activities. The overall turnover capacity of the enzymes was >1000 mol of ester linked carbon, >700 mols carbon from different carbohydrates, 100–200 mol of ester linked phosphate, 10–40 mol of ester linked sulphate m−2 year−1. Winter time (November–April) contributed from 7 to 32% to the annual turnover capacity indicating important enzyme activities also during a cold period of the year. Clear-cutting of the tree stand did not adversely affect enzyme activities related to the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus during the year. The pH optimum for hemicellulose and cellulose hydrolysing enzymes was pH 3–4 and the pH optimum of phosphomonoEsterase, sulphatase, aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-glucosamidase was 4–5. This shows that the hydrolytic activities were adapted to the acid pH-values of the soils. The soil hydrolytic potential was many fold higher as compared to the actual amount of litter it received in the P. sylvestris and P. abies forests.

  • Integrative assessment of sediment quality history in pulp mill recipient area in Finland
    Water Science and Technology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Mika A. Kähkönen, Mikko Liukkonen, Christoph Wittmann, Kimmo P. Suominen, Mirja Salkinoja-salonen
    Abstract:

    Sediments were dated and the quality assessed by polyphasic approach in an area of Lake Saimaa, which has received waste water from bleached kraft pulp production since 1954. The chosen nonrecipient forest Lake Pyylampi was situated in the same area. The activities of the enzymes Butyrate-Esterase and aminopeptidase were depressed at the depth of 2 to 8 cm in the recipient but not in the forst lake sediment. In the same layers the contents of EOX-C1 and toxicity to Vibrio fischeri were very high compared to those above or below. Toxicity to microbial community in the 2 to 8 cm layer was also indicated by a gap in the ATP content and a drop in diatom species richness from the 70 species to < 50 reflecting decreased water quality of the pelagic area. All these changes dated to the period of heavy organic halogen discharges, from 1960 to late 1980s, which led to sediment accumulation of solvent soluble halogen at a depth of 2 to 8 cm, to 6.4 g m−2 (cm)−1. In the most polluted sediment layers heavy metal accumulation was too little to be related to the toxicity of these layers. Almost complete recovery of both the sediment microbial ecosystems and of the pelagic diatoms occurred after elemental chlorine was completely substituted by chlorine dioxide and biological treatment adopted for wastewaters. Butyrate-Esterase and aminopeptidase, but not phosphatase, activities correlated positively with the ATP content of the sediment. Butyrate-Esterase may be used as a tool to estimate microbial biomass.

Florencia Laura Pantozzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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