The Experts below are selected from a list of 951312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Amgad Elgowainy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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by product Hydrogen from steam cracking of natural gas liquids ngls potential for large scale Hydrogen fuel production life cycle air emissions reduction and economic benefit
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Dongyeo Lee, Amgad ElgowainyAbstract:Abstract Steam crackers convert hydrocarbon feedstock (e.g., natural gas liquids) to light olefins via thermal cracking and produce Hydrogen as a By-Product during the process. Benefiting from the shale gas boom in recent years, the overall production capacity of U.S. steam crackers, as well as the potential of By-Product Hydrogen production, is continuously growing. We estimate that 3.5 million tonne/year of By-Product Hydrogen can be produced from steam crackers, almost doubling the size of the existing U.S. merchant Hydrogen market. We also find that producing Hydrogen from steam crackers creates less (15%–91%) life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions than the conventional centralized steam methane reforming (SMR) pathway. For criteria air pollutants, life-cycle emissions reduction benefits vary greatly (−75% – +85%), depending on the co-product treatment scenario (substitution or allocation) and air pollutant type. The substitution scenario generally results in an increase of criteria air pollutants emissions, mainly due to the requirement of substitutive natural gas fuel. We estimate that the cost of purified By-Product Hydrogen fuel from steam crackers is $0.9–1.1/kg, reducing Hydrogen production costs by 30% compared to the conventional central SMR pathway. Furthermore, using By-Product Hydrogen from steam crackers can generate credits of $1.8–2.5/kg under California's low-carbon fuel standard.
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life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of Hydrogen fuel production from chlor alkali processes in the united states
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Dongyeon Lee, Amgad Elgowainy, Qiang DaiAbstract:Abstract By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali processes can help meet the increasing demand for Hydrogen fuel in early fuel cell electric vehicle markets (e.g., California) in the U.S. Hydrogen produced from chlor-alkali plants is typically combusted for process heat on site, vented to the atmosphere (i.e., wasted), or sold to the external merchant Hydrogen market. Whether it is combusted, vented, or sold as a commodity, relevant information is lacking as to the life-cycle environmental benefits or trade-offs of using By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali plants. A life-cycle analysis framework was employed to evaluate well-to-gate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali processes in comparison with Hydrogen from the conventional centralized natural gas steam methane reforming (central SMR) pathway. U.S.-specific, plant-by-plant, and up-to-date chlor-alkali production characteristics were incorporated into the analysis. In addition to the venting and combustion scenarios, to deal with the multi-functionality of the chlor-alkali processes that simultaneously produce chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and Hydrogen, two different co-product allocation strategies were adopted—mass allocation and market value allocation. It was estimated that By-Product Hydrogen production from chlor-alkali processes creates 1.3–9.8 kg CO2e/kg H2 of life-cycle GHG emissions on average, which is 20–90% less than the conventional central SMR pathway. The results vary with co-product treatment scenarios, regional electric grid characteristics, on-site power generation, product prices, and Hydrogen yield. Despite the variations in the results, it was concluded that the life-cycle GHG emission reduction benefits of using By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali processes are robust. With a diverse set of scenario analyses, the study developed a comprehensive and detailed life-cycle GHG emissions inventory of the chlor-alkali By-Product Hydrogen pathway and quantified sensitivity indices in the context of different assumptions and input parameter values.
Qun Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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well to wheel analysis of energy consumption greenhouse gas and air pollutants emissions of Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in china
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Qun Wang, Mianqiang Xue, Binle Lin, Zhongfang Lei, Zhenya ZhangAbstract:Abstract Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) is considered as a promising solution for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutants emissions and improving energy security in the transportation sector. This study presents a well-to-wheel (WTW) analysis to estimate the WTW fossil fuel consumption, GHG emission and air pollutants emissions of VOCs, CO, NOx, SOx, PM2.5 and PM10 for HFCV under 12 Hydrogen pathways in China for the current (2017) and near future (2030). The results were compared with the gasoline-fueled internal combustion engine vehicle (gasoline-ICEV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV) counterparts. The results show that HFCV can reduce 11–92% fossil fuel consumption compared with gasoline-ICEV in 2017, with one exception that HFCV based on on-site water electrolysis by grid electricity in which fossil fuel consumption increased by 10% instead. Compared with BEV, HFCV based on By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali process and renewable water electrolysis have the fossil fuel consumption reduction benefits. Regarding GHG emissions, HFCV based on water electrolysis using the renewable electricity performs the best with a value of 31 g CO2-eq/km while that based on on-site water electrolysis using grid electricity performs the worst with a value of 431 g CO2-eq/km in 2017. For air pollutants, HFCV based on all Hydrogen pathways can achieve a significant reduction of VOCs and CO emissions on a WTW basis, in comparison with gasoline-ICEV in 2017. In terms of NOx, SOx, PM2.5 and PM10, HFCV based on on-site water electrolysis by grid electricity electrolysis has the highest emissions due to high emission factors of the electricity generation process. Moreover, due to increased share of renewable electricity and improvement in the fuel economy, reductions in WTW fossil fuel consumption and pollutants emissions are excepted by 2030. This study indicates the importance of Hydrogen production when considering the energy and environment performance of HFCV to ensure a life cycle low carbon and air pollutants emissions.
Qiang Dai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of Hydrogen fuel production from chlor alkali processes in the united states
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Dongyeon Lee, Amgad Elgowainy, Qiang DaiAbstract:Abstract By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali processes can help meet the increasing demand for Hydrogen fuel in early fuel cell electric vehicle markets (e.g., California) in the U.S. Hydrogen produced from chlor-alkali plants is typically combusted for process heat on site, vented to the atmosphere (i.e., wasted), or sold to the external merchant Hydrogen market. Whether it is combusted, vented, or sold as a commodity, relevant information is lacking as to the life-cycle environmental benefits or trade-offs of using By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali plants. A life-cycle analysis framework was employed to evaluate well-to-gate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali processes in comparison with Hydrogen from the conventional centralized natural gas steam methane reforming (central SMR) pathway. U.S.-specific, plant-by-plant, and up-to-date chlor-alkali production characteristics were incorporated into the analysis. In addition to the venting and combustion scenarios, to deal with the multi-functionality of the chlor-alkali processes that simultaneously produce chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and Hydrogen, two different co-product allocation strategies were adopted—mass allocation and market value allocation. It was estimated that By-Product Hydrogen production from chlor-alkali processes creates 1.3–9.8 kg CO2e/kg H2 of life-cycle GHG emissions on average, which is 20–90% less than the conventional central SMR pathway. The results vary with co-product treatment scenarios, regional electric grid characteristics, on-site power generation, product prices, and Hydrogen yield. Despite the variations in the results, it was concluded that the life-cycle GHG emission reduction benefits of using By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali processes are robust. With a diverse set of scenario analyses, the study developed a comprehensive and detailed life-cycle GHG emissions inventory of the chlor-alkali By-Product Hydrogen pathway and quantified sensitivity indices in the context of different assumptions and input parameter values.
Zhenya Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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well to wheel analysis of energy consumption greenhouse gas and air pollutants emissions of Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in china
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Qun Wang, Mianqiang Xue, Binle Lin, Zhongfang Lei, Zhenya ZhangAbstract:Abstract Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) is considered as a promising solution for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutants emissions and improving energy security in the transportation sector. This study presents a well-to-wheel (WTW) analysis to estimate the WTW fossil fuel consumption, GHG emission and air pollutants emissions of VOCs, CO, NOx, SOx, PM2.5 and PM10 for HFCV under 12 Hydrogen pathways in China for the current (2017) and near future (2030). The results were compared with the gasoline-fueled internal combustion engine vehicle (gasoline-ICEV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV) counterparts. The results show that HFCV can reduce 11–92% fossil fuel consumption compared with gasoline-ICEV in 2017, with one exception that HFCV based on on-site water electrolysis by grid electricity in which fossil fuel consumption increased by 10% instead. Compared with BEV, HFCV based on By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali process and renewable water electrolysis have the fossil fuel consumption reduction benefits. Regarding GHG emissions, HFCV based on water electrolysis using the renewable electricity performs the best with a value of 31 g CO2-eq/km while that based on on-site water electrolysis using grid electricity performs the worst with a value of 431 g CO2-eq/km in 2017. For air pollutants, HFCV based on all Hydrogen pathways can achieve a significant reduction of VOCs and CO emissions on a WTW basis, in comparison with gasoline-ICEV in 2017. In terms of NOx, SOx, PM2.5 and PM10, HFCV based on on-site water electrolysis by grid electricity electrolysis has the highest emissions due to high emission factors of the electricity generation process. Moreover, due to increased share of renewable electricity and improvement in the fuel economy, reductions in WTW fossil fuel consumption and pollutants emissions are excepted by 2030. This study indicates the importance of Hydrogen production when considering the energy and environment performance of HFCV to ensure a life cycle low carbon and air pollutants emissions.
Dongyeon Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of Hydrogen fuel production from chlor alkali processes in the united states
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Dongyeon Lee, Amgad Elgowainy, Qiang DaiAbstract:Abstract By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali processes can help meet the increasing demand for Hydrogen fuel in early fuel cell electric vehicle markets (e.g., California) in the U.S. Hydrogen produced from chlor-alkali plants is typically combusted for process heat on site, vented to the atmosphere (i.e., wasted), or sold to the external merchant Hydrogen market. Whether it is combusted, vented, or sold as a commodity, relevant information is lacking as to the life-cycle environmental benefits or trade-offs of using By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali plants. A life-cycle analysis framework was employed to evaluate well-to-gate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali processes in comparison with Hydrogen from the conventional centralized natural gas steam methane reforming (central SMR) pathway. U.S.-specific, plant-by-plant, and up-to-date chlor-alkali production characteristics were incorporated into the analysis. In addition to the venting and combustion scenarios, to deal with the multi-functionality of the chlor-alkali processes that simultaneously produce chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and Hydrogen, two different co-product allocation strategies were adopted—mass allocation and market value allocation. It was estimated that By-Product Hydrogen production from chlor-alkali processes creates 1.3–9.8 kg CO2e/kg H2 of life-cycle GHG emissions on average, which is 20–90% less than the conventional central SMR pathway. The results vary with co-product treatment scenarios, regional electric grid characteristics, on-site power generation, product prices, and Hydrogen yield. Despite the variations in the results, it was concluded that the life-cycle GHG emission reduction benefits of using By-Product Hydrogen from chlor-alkali processes are robust. With a diverse set of scenario analyses, the study developed a comprehensive and detailed life-cycle GHG emissions inventory of the chlor-alkali By-Product Hydrogen pathway and quantified sensitivity indices in the context of different assumptions and input parameter values.
