The Experts below are selected from a list of 227271 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matthew B Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of temperature and relative humidity on sporulation of metarhizium anisopliae var acridum in mycosed Cadavers of schistocerca gregaria
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2001Co-Authors: Steven P Arthurs, Matthew B ThomasAbstract:Abstract The effects of relative humidity (RH) and temperature on the sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on mycosed Cadavers of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, were assessed in the laboratory. Quantitative assessments of conidial production over 10 days under constant conditions showed that sporulation was optimized at RH >96% and at temperatures between 20 and 30°C. Under both these conditions >109 conidia/Cadaver were produced. At 25°C, conidial yield was maximized under conditions in which Cadavers remained in contact with damp substrate. Relatively little sporulation occurred at 15°C (
-
seasonal patterns of persistence and infectivity of metarhizium anisopliae var acridum in grasshopper Cadavers in the sahel
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2001Co-Authors: Steve P Arthurs, Matthew B Thomas, J L LawtonAbstract:Field-based experiments were conducted to evaluate the fate and infectivity of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) in grasshopper Cadavers in the Sahel. Unlike uninfected Cadavers, which were rapidly scavenged, those infected with the fungus persisted in the environment for a number of weeks. The environmental factor most associated with Cadaver disappearance was rainfall. The high environmental humidity associated with rainfall was also required for sporulation of the fungus on host Cadavers, although the likelihood of sporulation differed between microsites. Characteristics of the infection profile from infective Cadavers were investigated by the sequential exposure of uninfected hosts to sporulating Cadavers in field cages. This experiment revealed that Cadavers remained infective for > 30 days, with the net infectivity changing through time. The most likely explanation for these changes is climatic influences on both the fungus and host. High humidity was not required for infection. A measurement of the transmission coefficient between healthy hosts and sporulating Cadavers in the field was obtained at a realistic density of infectious Cadavers. This revealed a figure of 0.45 m 2 day −1 . Overall, these experiments show that following host death, M. anisopliae var. acridum can be persistent in the environment, sporulate on host Cadavers and reinfect new hosts at a realistically low field density, although at least in arid or semi-arid areas, rainfall may be critical to the horizontal transmission of this pathogen.
Martin H. Villet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Pigs vs people: the use of pigs as analogues for humans in forensic entomology and taphonomy research
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Matuszewski S, Kenneth G. Schoenly, Aaron M. Tarone, Hall Mjr, Moreau G, Martin H. VilletAbstract:Most studies of decomposition in forensic entomology and taphonomy have used non-human Cadavers. Following the recommendation of using domestic pig Cadavers as analogues for humans in forensic entomology in the 1980s, pigs became the most frequently used model Cadavers in forensic sciences. They have shaped our understanding of how large vertebrate Cadavers decompose in, for example, various environments, seasons and after various ante- or postmortem Cadaver modifications. They have also been used to demonstrate the feasibility of several new or well-established forensic techniques. The advent of outdoor human taphonomy facilities enabled experimental comparisons of decomposition between pig and human Cadavers. Recent comparisons challenged the pig-as-analogue claim in entomology and taphonomy research. In this review, we discuss in a broad methodological context the advantages and disadvantages of pig and human Cadavers for forensic research and rebut the critique of pigs as analogues for humans. We conclude that experiments using human Cadaver analogues (i.e. pig carcasses) are easier to replicate and more practical for controlling confounding factors than studies based solely on humans and, therefore, are likely to remain our primary epistemic source of forensic knowledge for the immediate future. We supplement these considerations with new guidelines for model Cadaver choice in forensic science research.Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made
-
Pigs vs people: the use of pigs as analogues for humans in forensic entomology and taphonomy research
International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Szymon Matuszewski, Martin J. R. Hall, Gaétan Moreau, Kenneth G. Schoenly, Aaron M. Tarone, Martin H. VilletAbstract:Most studies of decomposition in forensic entomology and taphonomy have used non-human Cadavers. Following the recommendation of using domestic pig Cadavers as analogues for humans in forensic entomology in the 1980s, pigs became the most frequently used model Cadavers in forensic sciences. They have shaped our understanding of how large vertebrate Cadavers decompose in, for example, various environments, seasons and after various ante- or postmortem Cadaver modifications. They have also been used to demonstrate the feasibility of several new or well-established forensic techniques. The advent of outdoor human taphonomy facilities enabled experimental comparisons of decomposition between pig and human Cadavers. Recent comparisons challenged the pig-as-analogue claim in entomology and taphonomy research. In this review, we discuss in a broad methodological context the advantages and disadvantages of pig and human Cadavers for forensic research and rebut the critique of pigs as analogues for humans. We conclude that experiments using human Cadaver analogues (i.e. pig carcasses) are easier to replicate and more practical for controlling confounding factors than studies based solely on humans and, therefore, are likely to remain our primary epistemic source of forensic knowledge for the immediate future. We supplement these considerations with new guidelines for model Cadaver choice in forensic science research.
Steven P Arthurs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of temperature and relative humidity on sporulation of metarhizium anisopliae var acridum in mycosed Cadavers of schistocerca gregaria
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2001Co-Authors: Steven P Arthurs, Matthew B ThomasAbstract:Abstract The effects of relative humidity (RH) and temperature on the sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on mycosed Cadavers of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, were assessed in the laboratory. Quantitative assessments of conidial production over 10 days under constant conditions showed that sporulation was optimized at RH >96% and at temperatures between 20 and 30°C. Under both these conditions >109 conidia/Cadaver were produced. At 25°C, conidial yield was maximized under conditions in which Cadavers remained in contact with damp substrate. Relatively little sporulation occurred at 15°C (
Szymon Matuszewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Pigs vs people: the use of pigs as analogues for humans in forensic entomology and taphonomy research
International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Szymon Matuszewski, Martin J. R. Hall, Gaétan Moreau, Kenneth G. Schoenly, Aaron M. Tarone, Martin H. VilletAbstract:Most studies of decomposition in forensic entomology and taphonomy have used non-human Cadavers. Following the recommendation of using domestic pig Cadavers as analogues for humans in forensic entomology in the 1980s, pigs became the most frequently used model Cadavers in forensic sciences. They have shaped our understanding of how large vertebrate Cadavers decompose in, for example, various environments, seasons and after various ante- or postmortem Cadaver modifications. They have also been used to demonstrate the feasibility of several new or well-established forensic techniques. The advent of outdoor human taphonomy facilities enabled experimental comparisons of decomposition between pig and human Cadavers. Recent comparisons challenged the pig-as-analogue claim in entomology and taphonomy research. In this review, we discuss in a broad methodological context the advantages and disadvantages of pig and human Cadavers for forensic research and rebut the critique of pigs as analogues for humans. We conclude that experiments using human Cadaver analogues (i.e. pig carcasses) are easier to replicate and more practical for controlling confounding factors than studies based solely on humans and, therefore, are likely to remain our primary epistemic source of forensic knowledge for the immediate future. We supplement these considerations with new guidelines for model Cadaver choice in forensic science research.
Aaron M. Tarone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Pigs vs people: the use of pigs as analogues for humans in forensic entomology and taphonomy research
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Matuszewski S, Kenneth G. Schoenly, Aaron M. Tarone, Hall Mjr, Moreau G, Martin H. VilletAbstract:Most studies of decomposition in forensic entomology and taphonomy have used non-human Cadavers. Following the recommendation of using domestic pig Cadavers as analogues for humans in forensic entomology in the 1980s, pigs became the most frequently used model Cadavers in forensic sciences. They have shaped our understanding of how large vertebrate Cadavers decompose in, for example, various environments, seasons and after various ante- or postmortem Cadaver modifications. They have also been used to demonstrate the feasibility of several new or well-established forensic techniques. The advent of outdoor human taphonomy facilities enabled experimental comparisons of decomposition between pig and human Cadavers. Recent comparisons challenged the pig-as-analogue claim in entomology and taphonomy research. In this review, we discuss in a broad methodological context the advantages and disadvantages of pig and human Cadavers for forensic research and rebut the critique of pigs as analogues for humans. We conclude that experiments using human Cadaver analogues (i.e. pig carcasses) are easier to replicate and more practical for controlling confounding factors than studies based solely on humans and, therefore, are likely to remain our primary epistemic source of forensic knowledge for the immediate future. We supplement these considerations with new guidelines for model Cadaver choice in forensic science research.Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made
-
Pigs vs people: the use of pigs as analogues for humans in forensic entomology and taphonomy research
International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Szymon Matuszewski, Martin J. R. Hall, Gaétan Moreau, Kenneth G. Schoenly, Aaron M. Tarone, Martin H. VilletAbstract:Most studies of decomposition in forensic entomology and taphonomy have used non-human Cadavers. Following the recommendation of using domestic pig Cadavers as analogues for humans in forensic entomology in the 1980s, pigs became the most frequently used model Cadavers in forensic sciences. They have shaped our understanding of how large vertebrate Cadavers decompose in, for example, various environments, seasons and after various ante- or postmortem Cadaver modifications. They have also been used to demonstrate the feasibility of several new or well-established forensic techniques. The advent of outdoor human taphonomy facilities enabled experimental comparisons of decomposition between pig and human Cadavers. Recent comparisons challenged the pig-as-analogue claim in entomology and taphonomy research. In this review, we discuss in a broad methodological context the advantages and disadvantages of pig and human Cadavers for forensic research and rebut the critique of pigs as analogues for humans. We conclude that experiments using human Cadaver analogues (i.e. pig carcasses) are easier to replicate and more practical for controlling confounding factors than studies based solely on humans and, therefore, are likely to remain our primary epistemic source of forensic knowledge for the immediate future. We supplement these considerations with new guidelines for model Cadaver choice in forensic science research.
