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Robert L Delong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hookworms uncinaria lyonsi in dead California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus pups and sand in winter 2014 2015 on san miguel island California
Comparative Parasitology, 2016Co-Authors: E T Lyons, Sharon R. Melin, Terry R Spraker, Tetiana A. Kuzmina, Robert L DelongAbstract:ABSTRACT: Necropsy of dead California Sea Lion (CSL) (Zalophus Californianus) pups (n = 20) born in 2014 was done on San Miguel Island, California, in December 2014 and February 2015. The main objective was to obtain data on prevalence/intensity of hookworms (Uncinaria lyonsi) in pups at that time of the year and to compare the results with data from previous studies conducted in December, January, and February. Fourteen dead pups were examined for adult hookworms in December 2014; all pups were infected (prevalence = 100%) with intensity from 6 to 140 (average 58.9 ± 38.9 SD) nematodes per host. Six dead pups were examined in February 2015. Hookworms were present in the intestines of 2 pups (prevalence=33%); two adult female worms were found in each infected pup. From 1 to 23 (average 7.5) parasitic larvae (L3) were found in the blubber of 4 pups. The findings in this study (2014–2015) verify, from earlier observation, that adult U. lyonsi are shed by pups by late February. The prevalence of parasitic L...
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investigations of peritoneal and intestinal infections of adult hookworms uncinaria spp in northern fur Seal callorhinus ursinus and California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus pups on san miguel island California 2003
Parasitology Research, 2011Co-Authors: Robert L Delong, Steven A Nadler, Jeffrey L Laake, B L Delong, Cecile PaganAbstract:The peritoneal cavity (PNC) and intestine of northern fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups and California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) pups that died in late July and early August, 2003, on San Miguel Island, California, were examined for hookworms. Prevalence and morphometric studies were done with the hookworms in addition to molecular characterization. Based on this and previous molecular studies, hookworms from fur Seals are designated as Uncinaria lucasi and the species from Sea Lions as Uncinaria species A. Adult hookworms were found in the PNC of 35 of 57 (61.4%) fur Seal pups and of 13 of 104 (12.5%) Sea Lion pups. The number of hookworms located in the PNC ranged from 1 to 33 (median = 3) for the infected fur Seal pups and 1 to 16 (median = 2) for the infected Sea Lion pups. In addition to the PNC, intestines of 43 fur Seal and 32 Sea Lion pups were examined. All of these pups were positive for adult hookworms. The worms were counted from all but one of the Sea Lion pups. Numbers of these parasites in the intestine varied from 3 to 2,344 (median = 931) for the fur Seal pups and 39 to 2,766 (median = 643) for the Sea Lion pups. Sea Lion pups with peritoneal infections had higher intensity infections in the intestines than did pups without peritoneal infections, lending some support for the hypothesis that peritoneal infections result from high-intensity infections of adult worms. There was no difference in intestinal infection intensities between fur Seal pups with and without peritoneal infections. Female adult hookworms in the intestines of both host species were significantly larger than males, and Sea Lion hookworms were larger than those in fur Seals. Worms in the intestine also were larger than worms found in the PNC. Gene sequencing and (RFLP) analysis of (PCR) amplified (ITS) ribosomal DNA were used to diagnose the species of 172 hookworms recovered from the PNC and intestine of 18 C. ursinus and seven Z. Californianus hosts. These molecular data revealed that U. lucasi (hookworm of C. ursinus) and Uncinaria species A (of Z. Californianus) infrequently mature in the intestine of the opposite host species in California rookeries. However, there is no support from molecular data for the hypothesis that cross-infection with “the wrong” Uncinaria species is a contributing factor in these cases of host peritonitis. The major significance of this reSearch is the unusual finding of adult hookworms in the PNC of so many dead pups. No obvious explanation for this occurrence could be determined. Further reSearch, like in the present study, should help understand and monitor the apparent ever changing role of hookworm diSease in the health of northern fur Seal and California Sea Lion pups on SMI.
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Seasonal prevalence and intensity of hookworms uncinaria spp in California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus pups born in 2002 on san miguel island California
Parasitology Research, 2005Co-Authors: E T Lyons, Robert L Delong, Terry R Spraker, Sharon R. Melin, Jeffrey L Laake, S C TolliverAbstract:Intestines of California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) pups (n= 204), born in 2002 on San Miguel Island, California, were examined for hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) as part of a Seasonal mortality study from June through December 2002 and January 2003. The investigation was planned to coincide with most of the previously established hookworm infection period of the pups. Prevalence of hookworms in dead pups was 100% for each month of the study. The geometric mean intensity of infections per month was: 94.03 (n=30) for June, 629.09 (n=50) for July, 319.90 (n=31) for August, 159.90 (n=30) for October, 109.03 (n=30) for November, 37.84 (n=24) for December 2002 and 11.05 (n=9) for January 2003. In addition to the temporal pattern, the infection intensity was higher for pups in good condition and for male pups. An inter-year comparison of hookworm counts from dead pups collected in July of 1996, 2000, and 2002 also demonstrated higher intensity in pups in better condition but sex-differences in intensity were inconsistent across years. The inter-year comparison also demonstrated higher intensities in dead pups collected from portions of the rookery with sandy substrate versus rocky substrate. No annual differences in intensity were found after adjusting for substrate and condition.
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Class II multiformity generated by variable MHC-DRB region configurations in the California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus)
Immunogenetics, 2004Co-Authors: Lizabeth Bowen, Robert L Delong, Sharon R. Melin, William Van Bonn, Linda J. Lowenstine, Frances M D Gulland, Jeffrey L Stott, Brian Michael Aldridge, Michael L JohnsonAbstract:In light of the immunological importance of molecules encoded within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), there are numerous studies examining the variability of these genes in wildlife populations. An underlying assumption in many of these studies is that MHC diversity invariably arises from a high level of allelic variation at a single gene locus, leading to widespread descriptions of thriving species with apparently limited MHC polymorphism. Indeed, in a previous study we failed to find sequence features compatible with traditionally diverse peptide-binding functions in MHC class II (DQA and DQB) genes in California Sea Lions and therefore expanded the Search for polymorphism to the DRA and DRB genes. Our results show that, in contrast to Zaca-DQA, -DQB, and -DRA, Zaca-DRB has sequence features compatible with antigen binding and presentation. In fact Zaca-DRB constitutes a gene family, comprising at least seven loci, each of which exhibits limited variability, and which are present in variable configurations between individuals. This unusual mechanism for generating MHC DRB diversity is similar to that observed in the rhesus macaque, but has not been reported in any other species. The identification of a novel system of class II MHC variability in the California Sea Lion justifies new studies into the organizational basis of immunogenetic diversity in other marine species, and its role in infectious diSease susceptibility.
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penetration of the small intestine of a California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus pup by adult hookworms uncinaria spp
Parasitology Research, 2004Co-Authors: Terry R Spraker, Robert L Delong, E T Lyons, R R ZinkAbstract:During a study on the mortality of California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) pups born on San Miguel Island, California in 2002, two adult female hookworms (Uncinaria spp) were found penetrating the serosal surface of the intestinal wall and protruding into the peritoneal cavity of one pup. Documentation and a description of this unexpected finding and associated lesions are presented here. Also, adult hookworms were found in the peritoneal fluid of two other dead Z. Californianus pups.
Terry R Spraker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hookworms uncinaria lyonsi in dead California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus pups and sand in winter 2014 2015 on san miguel island California
Comparative Parasitology, 2016Co-Authors: E T Lyons, Sharon R. Melin, Terry R Spraker, Tetiana A. Kuzmina, Robert L DelongAbstract:ABSTRACT: Necropsy of dead California Sea Lion (CSL) (Zalophus Californianus) pups (n = 20) born in 2014 was done on San Miguel Island, California, in December 2014 and February 2015. The main objective was to obtain data on prevalence/intensity of hookworms (Uncinaria lyonsi) in pups at that time of the year and to compare the results with data from previous studies conducted in December, January, and February. Fourteen dead pups were examined for adult hookworms in December 2014; all pups were infected (prevalence = 100%) with intensity from 6 to 140 (average 58.9 ± 38.9 SD) nematodes per host. Six dead pups were examined in February 2015. Hookworms were present in the intestines of 2 pups (prevalence=33%); two adult female worms were found in each infected pup. From 1 to 23 (average 7.5) parasitic larvae (L3) were found in the blubber of 4 pups. The findings in this study (2014–2015) verify, from earlier observation, that adult U. lyonsi are shed by pups by late February. The prevalence of parasitic L...
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cryptococcus albidus infection in a California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Shannon Mcleland, Colleen Duncan, Elizabeth Wheeler, Terry R Spraker, Shawn R. LockhartAbstract:Sporadic cases of cryptococcosis have been reported in marine mammals, typically due to Cryptococcus neoformans and, more recently, to Cryptococcus gattii in cetaceans. Cryptococcus albidus, a ubiquitous fungal species not typically considered to be pathogenic, was recovered from a juvenile California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) rescued near San Francisco Bay, California. Yeast morphologically consistent with a Cryp-tococcus sp. was identified histologically in a lymph node and C. albidus was identified by an rDNA sequence from the lung. Infection with C. albidus was thought to have contributed to mortality in this Sea Lion, along with concurrent bacterial pneumonia. Cryptococcus albidus should be considered as a potential pathogen with a role in marine mammal morbidity and mortality.
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antemortem diagnosis of a ventricular septal defect in a California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2011Co-Authors: Sophie Dennison, Terry R Spraker, Nicola Pussini, William Van Bonn, Marjorie Boor, James Adams, Frances M D GullandAbstract:A yearling California Sea Lion Zalophus Californianus stranded in poor body condition, and on physical examination a heart murmur was audible bilaterally. The Sea Lion was diagnosed with a left-to-right shunting membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) using B-mode, color-flow Doppler and continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography. A left-to-right intracardiac shunting lesion was confirmed during cardiac angiographic computed tomography. The VSD defect was verified during the necropsy examination. On histologic examination concurrent mild multifocal myocarditis with focal mild ventricular free-wall myocardial necrosis were identified. A specific cause for the myocarditis and myocardial necrosis was not found, and association with the VSD and resultant myocardial dysfunction was presumed. This is the first report of the antemortem diagnosis of a VSD in a marine mammal and the first report of a VSD in a California Sea Lion.
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Seasonal prevalence and intensity of hookworms uncinaria spp in California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus pups born in 2002 on san miguel island California
Parasitology Research, 2005Co-Authors: E T Lyons, Robert L Delong, Terry R Spraker, Sharon R. Melin, Jeffrey L Laake, S C TolliverAbstract:Intestines of California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) pups (n= 204), born in 2002 on San Miguel Island, California, were examined for hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) as part of a Seasonal mortality study from June through December 2002 and January 2003. The investigation was planned to coincide with most of the previously established hookworm infection period of the pups. Prevalence of hookworms in dead pups was 100% for each month of the study. The geometric mean intensity of infections per month was: 94.03 (n=30) for June, 629.09 (n=50) for July, 319.90 (n=31) for August, 159.90 (n=30) for October, 109.03 (n=30) for November, 37.84 (n=24) for December 2002 and 11.05 (n=9) for January 2003. In addition to the temporal pattern, the infection intensity was higher for pups in good condition and for male pups. An inter-year comparison of hookworm counts from dead pups collected in July of 1996, 2000, and 2002 also demonstrated higher intensity in pups in better condition but sex-differences in intensity were inconsistent across years. The inter-year comparison also demonstrated higher intensities in dead pups collected from portions of the rookery with sandy substrate versus rocky substrate. No annual differences in intensity were found after adjusting for substrate and condition.
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penetration of the small intestine of a California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus pup by adult hookworms uncinaria spp
Parasitology Research, 2004Co-Authors: Terry R Spraker, Robert L Delong, E T Lyons, R R ZinkAbstract:During a study on the mortality of California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) pups born on San Miguel Island, California in 2002, two adult female hookworms (Uncinaria spp) were found penetrating the serosal surface of the intestinal wall and protruding into the peritoneal cavity of one pup. Documentation and a description of this unexpected finding and associated lesions are presented here. Also, adult hookworms were found in the peritoneal fluid of two other dead Z. Californianus pups.
Sharon R. Melin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hookworms uncinaria lyonsi in dead California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus pups and sand in winter 2014 2015 on san miguel island California
Comparative Parasitology, 2016Co-Authors: E T Lyons, Sharon R. Melin, Terry R Spraker, Tetiana A. Kuzmina, Robert L DelongAbstract:ABSTRACT: Necropsy of dead California Sea Lion (CSL) (Zalophus Californianus) pups (n = 20) born in 2014 was done on San Miguel Island, California, in December 2014 and February 2015. The main objective was to obtain data on prevalence/intensity of hookworms (Uncinaria lyonsi) in pups at that time of the year and to compare the results with data from previous studies conducted in December, January, and February. Fourteen dead pups were examined for adult hookworms in December 2014; all pups were infected (prevalence = 100%) with intensity from 6 to 140 (average 58.9 ± 38.9 SD) nematodes per host. Six dead pups were examined in February 2015. Hookworms were present in the intestines of 2 pups (prevalence=33%); two adult female worms were found in each infected pup. From 1 to 23 (average 7.5) parasitic larvae (L3) were found in the blubber of 4 pups. The findings in this study (2014–2015) verify, from earlier observation, that adult U. lyonsi are shed by pups by late February. The prevalence of parasitic L...
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Seasonal prevalence and intensity of hookworms uncinaria spp in California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus pups born in 2002 on san miguel island California
Parasitology Research, 2005Co-Authors: E T Lyons, Robert L Delong, Terry R Spraker, Sharon R. Melin, Jeffrey L Laake, S C TolliverAbstract:Intestines of California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) pups (n= 204), born in 2002 on San Miguel Island, California, were examined for hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) as part of a Seasonal mortality study from June through December 2002 and January 2003. The investigation was planned to coincide with most of the previously established hookworm infection period of the pups. Prevalence of hookworms in dead pups was 100% for each month of the study. The geometric mean intensity of infections per month was: 94.03 (n=30) for June, 629.09 (n=50) for July, 319.90 (n=31) for August, 159.90 (n=30) for October, 109.03 (n=30) for November, 37.84 (n=24) for December 2002 and 11.05 (n=9) for January 2003. In addition to the temporal pattern, the infection intensity was higher for pups in good condition and for male pups. An inter-year comparison of hookworm counts from dead pups collected in July of 1996, 2000, and 2002 also demonstrated higher intensity in pups in better condition but sex-differences in intensity were inconsistent across years. The inter-year comparison also demonstrated higher intensities in dead pups collected from portions of the rookery with sandy substrate versus rocky substrate. No annual differences in intensity were found after adjusting for substrate and condition.
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Class II multiformity generated by variable MHC-DRB region configurations in the California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus)
Immunogenetics, 2004Co-Authors: Lizabeth Bowen, Robert L Delong, Sharon R. Melin, William Van Bonn, Linda J. Lowenstine, Frances M D Gulland, Jeffrey L Stott, Brian Michael Aldridge, Michael L JohnsonAbstract:In light of the immunological importance of molecules encoded within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), there are numerous studies examining the variability of these genes in wildlife populations. An underlying assumption in many of these studies is that MHC diversity invariably arises from a high level of allelic variation at a single gene locus, leading to widespread descriptions of thriving species with apparently limited MHC polymorphism. Indeed, in a previous study we failed to find sequence features compatible with traditionally diverse peptide-binding functions in MHC class II (DQA and DQB) genes in California Sea Lions and therefore expanded the Search for polymorphism to the DRA and DRB genes. Our results show that, in contrast to Zaca-DQA, -DQB, and -DRA, Zaca-DRB has sequence features compatible with antigen binding and presentation. In fact Zaca-DRB constitutes a gene family, comprising at least seven loci, each of which exhibits limited variability, and which are present in variable configurations between individuals. This unusual mechanism for generating MHC DRB diversity is similar to that observed in the rhesus macaque, but has not been reported in any other species. The identification of a novel system of class II MHC variability in the California Sea Lion justifies new studies into the organizational basis of immunogenetic diversity in other marine species, and its role in infectious diSease susceptibility.
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comparative biology of uncinaria spp in the California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus and the northern fur Seal callorhinus ursinus in California
Journal of Parasitology, 2000Co-Authors: Terry R Spraker, Sharon R. MelinAbstract:Studies on several aspects of the life cycle of hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) in the California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) and northern fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) were conducted on material collected on San Miguel Island (SMI), California and at The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California in 1997, 1998, and 1999. Examination of Z. Californianus intestines for adult hookworms and feces for eggs revealed that longevity of these parasites in pups is about 6–8 mo, and infections are probably not present in older Sea Lions. Parasitic third-stage larvae (L3) were recovered from the ventral abdominal tissue of Z. Californianus, suggesting transmammary transmission. Callorhinus ursinus pups had no hookworm eggs in their feces or adult worms (except for 1 probable contaminant) in their intestines in the fall and early winter, revealing that adult Uncinaria spp. are spontaneously lost at <3 mo of age of the pups. Sand samples from rookeries, used by both Z. Californianus and C. ursinus, on SMI were nega...
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UNCINARIASIS IN NORTHERN FUR SeaL AND California Sea Lion PUPS FROM California
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Sharon R. MelinAbstract:Northern fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) (n = 25) and California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) (n = 53) pups, found dead on rookeries on San Miguel Island (California, USA), were examined for adult Uncinaria spp. Prevalence of these nematodes was 96% in fur Seal pups and 100% in Sea Lion pups. Mean intensity of Uncinaria spp. per infected pup was 643 in fur Seals and 1,284 in Sea Lions. Eggs of Uncinaria spp. from dead Sea Lion pups underwent embryonation in an incubator; development to the free-living third stage larva occurred within the egg. This study provided some specific information on hookworm infections in northern fur Seal and California Sea Lion pups on San Miguel Island. High prevalence rate of Uncinaria spp. in both species of pinnipeds was documented and much higher numbers (2X) of hookworms were present in Sea Lion than fur Seal pups.
Kathleen M. Colegrove - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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common cancer in a wild animal the California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus as an emerging model for carcinogenesis
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2015Co-Authors: Helen M Browning, John A Hammond, Kathleen M. Colegrove, Ailsa J HallAbstract:Naturally occurring cancers in non-laboratory species have great potential in helping to decipher the often complex causes of neoplasia. Wild animal models could add substantially to our understanding of carcinogenesis, particularly of genetic and environmental interactions, but they are currently underutilized. Studying neoplasia in wild animals is difficult and especially challenging in marine mammals owing to their inaccessibility, lack of exposure history, and ethical, logistical and legal limits on experimentation. Despite this, California Sea Lions ( Zalophus Californianus ) offer an opportunity to investigate risk factors for neoplasia development that have implications for terrestrial mammals and humans who share much of their environment and diet. A relatively accessible California Sea Lion population on the west coast of the USA has a high prevalence of urogenital carcinoma and is regularly sampled during veterinary care in wildlife rehabilitation centres. Collaborative studies have revealed that genotype, persistent organic pollutants and a herpesvirus are all associated with this cancer. This paper reviews reSearch to date on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of urogenital carcinoma in this species, and presents the California Sea Lion as an important and currently underexploited wild animal model of carcinogenesis.
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diagnosis and treatment of sarcocystis neurona induced myositis in a free ranging California Sea Lion
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012Co-Authors: Daphne Carlsonbremer, Kathleen M. Colegrove, Christine K. Johnson, William Van BonnAbstract:Case Description—An underweight, lethargic adult female California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) became stranded along the California shore and was captured and transported to a rehabilitation hospital for assessment and care. Clinical Findings—Initial physical assessment revealed the Sea Lion was lethargic and in poor body condition. Active myositis was diagnosed on the basis of concurrent elevations in activities of alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase detected during serum biochemical analysis. Infection with Sarcocystis neurona was diagnosed after serologic titers increased 4-fold over a 3-week period. Diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of histopathologic findings, positive results on immunohistochemical staining, and results of quantitative PCR assay on biopsy specimens obtained from the diaphragm and muscles of the dorsal cervical region. Treatment and Outcome—Anticoccidial treatment was instituted with ponazuril (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) and continued for 28 days. Prednisone ...
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evidence of injury caused by gas bubbles in a live marine mammal barotrauma in a California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2011Co-Authors: W. Van Bonn, Sophie Dennison, Eric W Montie, Nicola Pussini, Jerome A Barakos, Kathleen M. Colegrove, Denise J Greig, Peter F Cook, Frances M D GullandAbstract:A yearling male California Sea Lion Zalophus Californianus with hypermetric ataxia and bilateral negative menace reflexes was brought to The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California, U.S.A., in late 2009 for medical assessment and treatment. The clinical signs were due to multiple gas bubbles within the cerebellum. These lesions were intraparenchymal, multifocal to coalescing, spherical to ovoid, and varied from 0.5 to 2.4 cm diameter. The gas composed 21.3% of the total cerebellum volume. Three rib fractures were also noted during diagnostic evaluation and were presumed to be associated with the gas bubbles in the brain. The progression of clinical signs and lesion appearance were monitored with magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive function testing and computed tomography. Gas filled voids in the cerebellum were filled with fluid on follow up images. Clinical signs resolved and the Sea Lion was released with a satellite tag attached. Post release the animal travelled approximately 75 km north and 80 km south of the release site and the tag recorded dives of over 150 m depth. The animal re-stranded 25 d following release and died of a subacute bronchopneumonia and pleuritis. This is the first instance of clinical injury due to gas bubble formation described in a living pinniped and the first Sea Lion with quantifiable cerebellar damage to take part in spatial learning and memory testing.
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characterization of California Sea Lion polyomavirus 1 expansion of the known host range of the polyomaviridae to carnivora
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2011Co-Authors: Rebecca Rivera, Linda L Archer, Celeste Benham, Jennifer K Muller, Stephanie Vennwatson, Kathleen M. Colegrove, Judy St. Leger, Hendrik H NollensAbstract:The genome of a novel polyomavirus first identified in a proliferative tongue lesion of a California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) is reported. This is only the third described polyomavirus of laurasiatherian mammals, is the first of the three associated with a lesion, and is the first known polyomavirus of a host in the order Carnivora. Predicted large T, small t, VP1, VP2, and VP3 genes were identified based on homology to proteins of known polyomaviruses, and a putative agnoprotein was identified based upon its location in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted late region proteins found that the laurasiatherian polyomaviruses, together with Squirrel monkey polyomavirus and Murine pneumotropic virus, form a monophyletic clade. Phylogenetic analysis of the early region was more ambiguous. The noncoding control region of California Sea Lion polyomavirus 1 is unusual in that only two apparent large T binding sites are present; this is less than any other known polyomavirus. The VP1 of this virus has an unusually long carboxy-terminal region. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction was developed and utilized on various samples from 79 additional animals from either managed or wild stranded California Sea Lion populations, and California Sea Lion polyomavirus 1 infection was found in 24% of stranded animals. Sequence of additional samples identified four sites of variation in the t antigens, three of which resulted in predicted coding changes.
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polyomavirus infection in a free ranging California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus with intestinal t cell lymphoma
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2010Co-Authors: Kathleen M. Colegrove, Rebecca Rivera, Peter F Moore, Robert W Nordhausen, Linda J. Lowenstine, Hendrik H NollensAbstract:An adult female California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) that stranded in central California was found to have a small glossal polypoid mass on gross necropsy. Histologically, the mass was consistent with a fibropapilloma, and intranuclear inclusions were found within endothelial cells lining small arterioles within the mass. Electron microscopy revealed 40-nm virions within endothelial intranuclear inclusions. Rolling circle amplification was used to obtain a partial viral genomic sequence. Sequence analysis identified the virus as a novel polyomavirus, tentatively named California Sea Lion polyomavirus 1. In addition, the Sea Lion had a severely thickened small intestine and swollen pale kidneys on gross examination. Severe renal amyloidosis with chronic interstitial nephritis was diagnosed histologically as well as T-cell intestinal lymphoma, which was confirmed via immunophenotyping and molecular clonality. The relationship, if any, between polyomavirus infection and the other diSease processes in...
Frances M D Gulland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hi c scaffolded short and long read genome assemblies of the California Sea Lion are broadly consistent for syntenic inference across 45 milLion years of evolution
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2021Co-Authors: Claire R Peart, Frances M D Gulland, Christina L Williams, Saurabh D Pophaly, Benjamin A Neely, David J Adams, William Cheng, Michael E Goebel, Olivier FedrigoAbstract:With the advent of chromatin-interaction maps, chromosome-level genome assemblies have become a reality for a wide range of organisms. Scaffolding quality is, however, difficult to judge. To explore this gap, we generated multiple chromosome-scale genome assemblies of an emerging wild animal model for carcinogenesis, the California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus). Short-read assemblies were scaffolded with two independent chromatin interaction mapping data sets (Hi-C and Chicago), and long-read assemblies with three data types (Hi-C, optical maps and 10X linked reads) following the "Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP)" pipeline. In both approaches, 18 major scaffolds recovered the karyotype (2n = 36), with scaffold N50s of 138 and 147 Mb, respectively. Synteny relationships at the chromosome level with other pinniped genomes (2n = 32-36), ferret (2n = 34), red panda (2n = 36) and domestic dog (2n = 78) were consistent across approaches and recovered known fissions and fusions. Comparative chromosome painting and multicolour chromosome tiling with a panel of 264 genome-integrated single-locus canine bacterial artificial chromosome probes provided independent evaluation of genome organization. Broad-scale discrepancies between the approaches were observed within chromosomes, most commonly in translocations centred around centromeres and telomeres, which were better resolved in the VGP assembly. Genomic and cytological approaches agreed on near-perfect synteny of the X chromosome, and in combination allowed detailed investigation of autosomal rearrangements between dog and Sea Lion. This study presents high-quality genomes of an emerging cancer model and highlights that even highly fragmented short-read assemblies scaffolded with Hi-C can yield reliable chromosome-level scaffolds suitable for comparative genomic analyses.
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development and validation of a quantitative pcr for rapid and specific detection of California Sea Lion adenovirus 1 and prevalence in wild and managed populations
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2017Co-Authors: Galaxia Corteshinojosa, Rebecca Rivera, Linda L Archer, Stephanie Vennwatson, Tracey Goldstein, Thomas B Waltzek, Frances M D Gulland, Gregory C Gray, James F X WellehanAbstract:California Sea Lion adenovirus 1 (CSLAdV-1) has been associated with hepatitis and enteritis in several wild and captive populations of diverse pinniped species. Currently available tests have been limited to pan-adenoviral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing. We present the development of a quantitative probe-hybridization PCR (qPCR) assay for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of this virus in California Sea Lions ( Zalophus Californianus) and other pinnipeds. This assay did not amplify other mammalian adenoviruses and is able to detect consistently down to 10 viral copies per well. Compared with the gold standard conventional pan-adenovirus PCR/sequencing assay, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 88.2% were found, respectively. The lower diagnostic specificity of this qPCR assay may be the result of the lower limit of detection of this assay compared with the gold standard rather than the result of detection of true false-positives.
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evidence of injury caused by gas bubbles in a live marine mammal barotrauma in a California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2011Co-Authors: W. Van Bonn, Sophie Dennison, Eric W Montie, Nicola Pussini, Jerome A Barakos, Kathleen M. Colegrove, Denise J Greig, Peter F Cook, Frances M D GullandAbstract:A yearling male California Sea Lion Zalophus Californianus with hypermetric ataxia and bilateral negative menace reflexes was brought to The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California, U.S.A., in late 2009 for medical assessment and treatment. The clinical signs were due to multiple gas bubbles within the cerebellum. These lesions were intraparenchymal, multifocal to coalescing, spherical to ovoid, and varied from 0.5 to 2.4 cm diameter. The gas composed 21.3% of the total cerebellum volume. Three rib fractures were also noted during diagnostic evaluation and were presumed to be associated with the gas bubbles in the brain. The progression of clinical signs and lesion appearance were monitored with magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive function testing and computed tomography. Gas filled voids in the cerebellum were filled with fluid on follow up images. Clinical signs resolved and the Sea Lion was released with a satellite tag attached. Post release the animal travelled approximately 75 km north and 80 km south of the release site and the tag recorded dives of over 150 m depth. The animal re-stranded 25 d following release and died of a subacute bronchopneumonia and pleuritis. This is the first instance of clinical injury due to gas bubble formation described in a living pinniped and the first Sea Lion with quantifiable cerebellar damage to take part in spatial learning and memory testing.
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antemortem diagnosis of a ventricular septal defect in a California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2011Co-Authors: Sophie Dennison, Terry R Spraker, Nicola Pussini, William Van Bonn, Marjorie Boor, James Adams, Frances M D GullandAbstract:A yearling California Sea Lion Zalophus Californianus stranded in poor body condition, and on physical examination a heart murmur was audible bilaterally. The Sea Lion was diagnosed with a left-to-right shunting membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) using B-mode, color-flow Doppler and continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography. A left-to-right intracardiac shunting lesion was confirmed during cardiac angiographic computed tomography. The VSD defect was verified during the necropsy examination. On histologic examination concurrent mild multifocal myocarditis with focal mild ventricular free-wall myocardial necrosis were identified. A specific cause for the myocarditis and myocardial necrosis was not found, and association with the VSD and resultant myocardial dysfunction was presumed. This is the first report of the antemortem diagnosis of a VSD in a marine mammal and the first report of a VSD in a California Sea Lion.
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polyomavirus infection in a free ranging California Sea Lion zalophus Californianus with intestinal t cell lymphoma
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2010Co-Authors: Kathleen M. Colegrove, Rebecca Rivera, Peter F Moore, Robert W Nordhausen, Linda J. Lowenstine, James F X Wellehan, Frances M D Gulland, Hendrik H NollensAbstract:An adult female California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) that stranded in central California was found to have a small glossal polypoid mass on gross necropsy. Histologically, the mass was consistent with a fibropapilloma, and intranuclear inclusions were found within endothelial cells lining small arterioles within the mass. Electron microscopy revealed 40-nm virions within endothelial intranuclear inclusions. Rolling circle amplification was used to obtain a partial viral genomic sequence. Sequence analysis identified the virus as a novel polyomavirus, tentatively named California Sea Lion polyomavirus 1. In addition, the Sea Lion had a severely thickened small intestine and swollen pale kidneys on gross examination. Severe renal amyloidosis with chronic interstitial nephritis was diagnosed histologically as well as T-cell intestinal lymphoma, which was confirmed via immunophenotyping and molecular clonality. The relationship, if any, between polyomavirus infection and the other diSease processes in this Sea Lion is not known, but it is considered unlikely that the polyomavirus induced the lymphoma.
