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Yaseen M. Arabi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lower versus higher dose of enteral Caloric Intake in adult critically ill patients a systematic review and meta analysis
Critical Care, 2016Co-Authors: Hasan M Aldorzi, Yaseen M. Arabi, Abdullah Albarrak, Mazen Ferwana, Mohammad Hassan MuradAbstract:Background There is conflicting evidence about the relationship between the dose of enteral Caloric Intake and survival in critically ill patients. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the effect of lower versus higher dose of enteral Caloric Intake in adult critically ill patients on outcome.
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Near‐Target Caloric Intake in Critically Ill Medical‐Surgical Patients Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes
JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Yaseen M. Arabi, Samir Haddad, Hani Tamim, Asgar H. Rishu, Maram Sakkijha, Salim H. Kahoul, Riette J. BrittsAbstract:Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether Caloric Intake independently influences mortality and morbidity of critically ill patients. Methods: The study was conducted as a nested cohort study within a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care intensive care unit (ICU). The main exposure in the study was average Caloric Intake/target for the first 7 ICU days. The primary outcomes were ICU and hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU-acquired infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), duration of mechanical ventilation days, and ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS). The authors divided patients (n = 523) into 3 tertiles according to the percentage of Caloric Intake/target: tertile I 64.6%. To adjust for potentially confounding variables, the authors assessed the association between Caloric Intake/target and the different outcomes using multivariate logistic regression for categorical outcomes (tertile I was used...
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near target Caloric Intake in critically ill medical surgical patients is associated with adverse outcomes
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Yaseen M. Arabi, Samir Haddad, Hani Tamim, Asgar H. Rishu, Maram Sakkijha, Salim H. Kahoul, Riette J. BrittsAbstract:Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether Caloric Intake independently influences mortality and morbidity of critically ill patients. Methods: The study was conducted as a nested cohort study within a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care intensive care unit (ICU). The main exposure in the study was average Caloric Intake/target for the first 7 ICU days. The primary outcomes were ICU and hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU-acquired infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), duration of mechanical ventilation days, and ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS). The authors divided patients (n = 523) into 3 tertiles according to the percentage of Caloric Intake/target: tertile I 64.6%. To adjust for potentially confounding variables, the authors assessed the association between Caloric Intake/target and the different outcomes using multivariate logistic regression for categorical outcomes (tertile I was used...
Virend K. Somers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Experimental Sleep Restriction on Caloric Intake and Activity Energy Expenditure
Chest, 2013Co-Authors: Andrew D. Calvin, James A. Levine, Rickey E. Carter, Taro Adachi, Paula Macedo, Felipe N. Albuquerque, Christelle Van Der Walt, Jan Bukartyk, Diane E. Davison, Virend K. SomersAbstract:Background Epidemiologic studies link short sleep duration to obesity and weight gain. Insufficient sleep appears to alter circulating levels of the hormones leptin and ghrelin, which may promote appetite, although the effects of sleep restriction on Caloric Intake and energy expenditure are unclear. We sought to determine the effect of 8 days/8 nights of sleep restriction on Caloric Intake, activity energy expenditure, and circulating levels of leptin and ghrelin. Methods We conducted a randomized study of usual sleep vs a sleep restriction of two-thirds of normal sleep time for 8 days/8 nights in a hospital-based clinical research unit. The main outcomes were Caloric Intake, activity energy expenditure, and circulating levels of leptin and ghrelin. Results Caloric Intake in the sleep-restricted group increased by +559 kcal/d (SD, 706 kcal/d, P = .006) and decreased in the control group by −118 kcal/d (SD, 386 kcal/d, P = .51) for a net change of +677 kcal/d (95% CI, 148-1,206 kcal/d; P = .014). Sleep restriction was not associated with changes in activity energy expenditure ( P = .62). No change was seen in levels of leptin ( P = .27) or ghrelin ( P = .21). Conclusions Sleep restriction was associated with an increase in Caloric consumption with no change in activity energy expenditure or leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Increased Caloric Intake without any accompanying increase in energy expenditure may contribute to obesity in people who are exposed to long-term sleep restriction. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ; No.: NCT01334788 ; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
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Abstract MP030: Insufficient Sleep Increases Caloric Intake but not Energy Expenditure
Circulation, 2012Co-Authors: Andrew D. Calvin, James A. Levine, Rickey E. Carter, Virend K. SomersAbstract:Introduction: Identifying and mitigating factors that promote obesity will have a large public health impact. Sleep may be an important regulator of metabolism and energy expenditure. Voluntary sleep restriction is common, with 27% of US adults regularly getting ≤6 h of sleep per day. Epidemiologic evidence suggests a link between short sleep duration and obesity. Human experiments suggest that acute sleep deprivation reduces the anorexigenic hormone leptin, increases the orexigenic factor ghrelin, and promotes Caloric Intake. Meanwhile, increased energy expenditure during prolonged wakefulness may counterbalance any increased Caloric Intake associated with a lack of sleep. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that 8 days of modest sleep restriction would reduce leptin, increase ghrelin, promote Caloric Intake, and increase activity energy expenditure. Methods: We studied 17 healthy individuals age 18–40 y. Subjects completed a protocol consisting of one week of home actigraphy, a 3 night acclimation phase, followed by an 8 night experimental phase in which they were randomized to sleep ad lib or two-thirds of their normal sleep time. Blood was collected at the end of the two periods, food was freely available and Caloric Intake was calculated daily, and activity energy expenditure was assessed by a comprehensively validated system comprised of inclinometers and accelerometers. Sleep was confirmed using continuous electroencephalography. Mean change from the acclimation period ± standard deviation are presented, with statistical testing by two sample t tests on the changes between acclimation and experimental periods. Results: Subjects included 11 men and 6 women, of whom 8 were randomized to sleep deprivation and 9 served as controls. Sleep duration during the acclimation period averaged 6.5±0.9 h/day but fell to 5.2±0.1 h/d among those randomized to sleep deprivation. The sleep deprivation group consumed +549±583 kcal/d, whereas those randomized to ad lib sleep consumed −143±420 kcal/d (P Conclusions: Eight days of modest sleep restriction, similar to that encountered in everyday life, was associated with a striking increase in Caloric Intake with no change in activity energy expenditure. Contrary to expectations, we observed a trend towards increased circulating concentrations of leptin and reduced concentrations of ghrelin, more consistent with a consequence of a positive energy balance than a cause. Our data suggest that chronic sleep restriction may be an important and modifiable behavior promoting obesity.
Riette J. Britts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Near‐Target Caloric Intake in Critically Ill Medical‐Surgical Patients Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes
JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Yaseen M. Arabi, Samir Haddad, Hani Tamim, Asgar H. Rishu, Maram Sakkijha, Salim H. Kahoul, Riette J. BrittsAbstract:Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether Caloric Intake independently influences mortality and morbidity of critically ill patients. Methods: The study was conducted as a nested cohort study within a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care intensive care unit (ICU). The main exposure in the study was average Caloric Intake/target for the first 7 ICU days. The primary outcomes were ICU and hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU-acquired infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), duration of mechanical ventilation days, and ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS). The authors divided patients (n = 523) into 3 tertiles according to the percentage of Caloric Intake/target: tertile I 64.6%. To adjust for potentially confounding variables, the authors assessed the association between Caloric Intake/target and the different outcomes using multivariate logistic regression for categorical outcomes (tertile I was used...
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near target Caloric Intake in critically ill medical surgical patients is associated with adverse outcomes
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Yaseen M. Arabi, Samir Haddad, Hani Tamim, Asgar H. Rishu, Maram Sakkijha, Salim H. Kahoul, Riette J. BrittsAbstract:Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether Caloric Intake independently influences mortality and morbidity of critically ill patients. Methods: The study was conducted as a nested cohort study within a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care intensive care unit (ICU). The main exposure in the study was average Caloric Intake/target for the first 7 ICU days. The primary outcomes were ICU and hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU-acquired infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), duration of mechanical ventilation days, and ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS). The authors divided patients (n = 523) into 3 tertiles according to the percentage of Caloric Intake/target: tertile I 64.6%. To adjust for potentially confounding variables, the authors assessed the association between Caloric Intake/target and the different outcomes using multivariate logistic regression for categorical outcomes (tertile I was used...
Namni Goel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sex and race differences in Caloric Intake during sleep restriction in healthy adults
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: Andrea M. Spaeth, David F. Dinges, Namni GoelAbstract:Background: Evidence indicates that men and African Americans may be more susceptible to weight gain resulting from sleep loss than women and whites, respectively. Increased daily Caloric Intake is a major behavioral mechanism that underlies the relation between sleep loss and weight gain. Objective: We sought to assess sex and race differences in Caloric Intake, macronutrient Intake, and meal timing during sleep restriction. Design: Forty-four healthy adults aged 21–50 y (mean ± SD: 32.7 ± 8.7 y; n = 21 women, n = 16 whites) completed an in-laboratory protocol that included 2 consecutive baseline nights [10 or 12 h time in bed (TIB)/night; 2200–0800 or 2200–1000] followed by 5 consecutive sleep-restriction nights (4 h TIB/night; 0400–0800). Caloric Intake and meal-timing data were collected during the 2 d after baseline sleep and the first 3 d after sleep restriction. Results: During sleep restriction, subjects increased daily Caloric Intake (P < 0.001) and fat Intake (P = 0.024), including obtaining more calories from condiments, desserts, and salty snacks (Ps < 0.05) and consumed 532.6 ± 295.6 cal during late-night hours (2200–0359). Relative to women, men consumed more daily calories during baseline and sleep restriction, exhibited a greater increase in Caloric Intake during sleep restriction (d = 0.62), and consumed a higher percentage of daily calories during late-night hours (d = 0.78, Ps < 0.05). African Americans and whites did not significantly differ in daily Caloric Intake, increased Caloric Intake during sleep restriction, or meal timing. However, African Americans consumed more carbohydrates, less protein, and more caffeine-free soda and juice than whites did during the study (Ps < 0.05). Conclusions: Men may be more susceptible to weight gain during sleep loss than women due to a larger increase in daily Caloric Intake, particularly during late-night hours. These findings are relevant to the promotion of public health awareness by highlighting nutritional risk factors and modifiable behaviors for weight gain related to sleep-wake timing. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02128737","term_id":"NCT02128737"}}NCT02128737 and {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02130791","term_id":"NCT02130791"}}NCT02130791.
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effects of experimental sleep restriction on weight gain Caloric Intake and meal timing in healthy adults
Sleep, 2013Co-Authors: Andrea M. Spaeth, David F. Dinges, Namni GoelAbstract:Study Objectives: Examine sleep restriction’s effects on weight gain, daily Caloric Intake, and meal timing. Design: Repeated-measures experiments assessing body weight at admittance and discharge in all subjects (N = 225) and Caloric Intake and meal timing across days following 2 baseline nights, 5 sleep restriction nights and 2 recovery nights or across days following control condition nights in a subset of subjects (n = 37). Setting: Controlled laboratory environment. Participants: Two hundred twenty-five healthy adults aged 22-50 y (n = 198 sleep-restricted subjects; n = 31 with Caloric Intake data; n = 27 control subjects; n = 6 with Caloric Intake data). Interventions: Approximately 8-to-1 randomization to an experimental condition (including five consecutive nights of 4 h time in bed [TIB]/night, 04:00-08:00) or to a control condition (all nights 10 h TIB/night, 22:00-08:00). Measurements and Results: Sleep-restricted subjects gained more weight (0.97 ± 1.4 kg) than control subjects (0.11 ± 1.9 kg; d = 0.51, P = 0.007). Among sleep-restricted subjects, African Americans gained more weight than Caucasians (d = 0.37, P = 0.003) and males gained more weight than females (d = 0.38, P = 0.004). Sleep-restricted subjects consumed extra calories (130.0 ± 43.0% of daily Caloric requirement) during days with a delayed bedtime (04:00) compared with control subjects who did not consume extra calories (100.6 ± 11.4%; d = 0.94, P = 0.003) during corresponding days. In sleep-restricted subjects, increased daily Caloric Intake was due to more meals and the consumption of 552.9 ± 265.8 additional calories between 22:00-03:59. The percentage of calories derived from fat was greater during late-night hours (22:00-03:59, 33.0 ± 0.08%) compared to daytime (08:00-14:59, 28.2 ± 0.05%) and evening hours (15:00-21:59, 29.4 ± 0.06%; Ps < 0.05). Conclusions: In the largest, most diverse healthy sample studied to date under controlled laboratory conditions, sleep restriction promoted weight gain. Chronically sleep-restricted adults with late bedtimes may be more susceptible to weight gain due to greater daily Caloric Intake and the con
Andrew D. Calvin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Experimental Sleep Restriction on Caloric Intake and Activity Energy Expenditure
Chest, 2013Co-Authors: Andrew D. Calvin, James A. Levine, Rickey E. Carter, Taro Adachi, Paula Macedo, Felipe N. Albuquerque, Christelle Van Der Walt, Jan Bukartyk, Diane E. Davison, Virend K. SomersAbstract:Background Epidemiologic studies link short sleep duration to obesity and weight gain. Insufficient sleep appears to alter circulating levels of the hormones leptin and ghrelin, which may promote appetite, although the effects of sleep restriction on Caloric Intake and energy expenditure are unclear. We sought to determine the effect of 8 days/8 nights of sleep restriction on Caloric Intake, activity energy expenditure, and circulating levels of leptin and ghrelin. Methods We conducted a randomized study of usual sleep vs a sleep restriction of two-thirds of normal sleep time for 8 days/8 nights in a hospital-based clinical research unit. The main outcomes were Caloric Intake, activity energy expenditure, and circulating levels of leptin and ghrelin. Results Caloric Intake in the sleep-restricted group increased by +559 kcal/d (SD, 706 kcal/d, P = .006) and decreased in the control group by −118 kcal/d (SD, 386 kcal/d, P = .51) for a net change of +677 kcal/d (95% CI, 148-1,206 kcal/d; P = .014). Sleep restriction was not associated with changes in activity energy expenditure ( P = .62). No change was seen in levels of leptin ( P = .27) or ghrelin ( P = .21). Conclusions Sleep restriction was associated with an increase in Caloric consumption with no change in activity energy expenditure or leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Increased Caloric Intake without any accompanying increase in energy expenditure may contribute to obesity in people who are exposed to long-term sleep restriction. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ; No.: NCT01334788 ; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
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Abstract MP030: Insufficient Sleep Increases Caloric Intake but not Energy Expenditure
Circulation, 2012Co-Authors: Andrew D. Calvin, James A. Levine, Rickey E. Carter, Virend K. SomersAbstract:Introduction: Identifying and mitigating factors that promote obesity will have a large public health impact. Sleep may be an important regulator of metabolism and energy expenditure. Voluntary sleep restriction is common, with 27% of US adults regularly getting ≤6 h of sleep per day. Epidemiologic evidence suggests a link between short sleep duration and obesity. Human experiments suggest that acute sleep deprivation reduces the anorexigenic hormone leptin, increases the orexigenic factor ghrelin, and promotes Caloric Intake. Meanwhile, increased energy expenditure during prolonged wakefulness may counterbalance any increased Caloric Intake associated with a lack of sleep. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that 8 days of modest sleep restriction would reduce leptin, increase ghrelin, promote Caloric Intake, and increase activity energy expenditure. Methods: We studied 17 healthy individuals age 18–40 y. Subjects completed a protocol consisting of one week of home actigraphy, a 3 night acclimation phase, followed by an 8 night experimental phase in which they were randomized to sleep ad lib or two-thirds of their normal sleep time. Blood was collected at the end of the two periods, food was freely available and Caloric Intake was calculated daily, and activity energy expenditure was assessed by a comprehensively validated system comprised of inclinometers and accelerometers. Sleep was confirmed using continuous electroencephalography. Mean change from the acclimation period ± standard deviation are presented, with statistical testing by two sample t tests on the changes between acclimation and experimental periods. Results: Subjects included 11 men and 6 women, of whom 8 were randomized to sleep deprivation and 9 served as controls. Sleep duration during the acclimation period averaged 6.5±0.9 h/day but fell to 5.2±0.1 h/d among those randomized to sleep deprivation. The sleep deprivation group consumed +549±583 kcal/d, whereas those randomized to ad lib sleep consumed −143±420 kcal/d (P Conclusions: Eight days of modest sleep restriction, similar to that encountered in everyday life, was associated with a striking increase in Caloric Intake with no change in activity energy expenditure. Contrary to expectations, we observed a trend towards increased circulating concentrations of leptin and reduced concentrations of ghrelin, more consistent with a consequence of a positive energy balance than a cause. Our data suggest that chronic sleep restriction may be an important and modifiable behavior promoting obesity.
