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Essi Sarkkinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of alpha linolenic acid ndash rich Camelina sativa oil on serum fatty acid composition and serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2002Co-Authors: Henna M. Karvonen, Antti Aro, Niina Tapola, Irma Salminen, Matti Uusitupa, Essi SarkkinenAbstract:Camelina sativa-derived oil (Camelina oil) is a good source of alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in serum fatty acids is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We studied the effects of Camelina oil on serum lipids and on the fatty acid composition of total lipids in comparison to rapeseed and olive oils in a parallel, double-blind setting. Sixty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects aged 28 to 65 years were randomly assigned after a 2-week pretrial period to 1 of 3 oil groups: Camelina oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil. Subjects consumed daily 30 g (actual intake, approximately 33 mL) of test oils for 6 weeks. In the Camelina group, the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in fatty acids of serum lipids was significantly higher (P <.001) compared to the 2 other oil groups at the end of the study: 2.5 times higher compared to the rapeseed oil group and 4 times higher compared to the olive oil group. Respectively the proportions of 2 metabolites of alpha-linolenic acid (eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids) increased and differed significantly in the Camelina group from those in other groups. During the intervention, the serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration decreased significantly by 12.2% in the Camelina oil group, 5.4% in the rapeseed oil group, and 7.7% in the olive oil group. In conclusion, Camelina oil significantly elevated the proportions of alpha-linolenic acid and its metabolites in serum of mildly or moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Camelina oil's serum cholesterol-lowering effect was comparable to that of rapeseed and olive oils.
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Effect of [alpha ]-linolenic acid[ndash ]rich Camelina sativa oil on serum fatty acid composition and serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects
Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2002Co-Authors: Henna M. Karvonen, Antti Aro, Niina Tapola, Irma Salminen, Matti Uusitupa, Essi SarkkinenAbstract:Camelina sativa-derived oil (Camelina oil) is a good source of alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in serum fatty acids is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We studied the effects of Camelina oil on serum lipids and on the fatty acid composition of total lipids in comparison to rapeseed and olive oils in a parallel, double-blind setting. Sixty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects aged 28 to 65 years were randomly assigned after a 2-week pretrial period to 1 of 3 oil groups: Camelina oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil. Subjects consumed daily 30 g (actual intake, approximately 33 mL) of test oils for 6 weeks. In the Camelina group, the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in fatty acids of serum lipids was significantly higher (P
Leclere Margot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Introduire une espèce de diversification dans les systèmes de culture d’un territoire : articuler production de connaissances et conception dans des dispositifs multi-acteurs. Cas de la cameline dans l’Oise.
HAL CCSD, 2019Co-Authors: Leclere MargotAbstract:Crop diversification, which is a way to ensure agroecological transition, raises a major question: how to produce, at low cost, knowledge on these minor species, often poorly studied by agronomic research?Here, we proposed and implemented an approach combining design and knowledge production, within different multi-stakeholders platforms, to support the introduction of new species into cropping systems. The case study of Camelina, introduced either as a main crop or as a second crop in the cropping systems of the Oise department, in the context of the development of a local oilseed biorefinery, was used.First, we combined a multi-stakeholders workshop - bringing together farmers, advisors, researchers, agronomist from agricultural R&D and industrials - with on-farm trials on Camelina crop management routes as second crop, designed, managed and appraised by farmers themselves. This approach made it possible to identify knowledge gaps (e.g. the previous effect of the Camelina on sugar beet), but also to produce knowledge useful for design (e.g. decision-making rules).In parallel, we (researchers) designed and evaluated, within a multi-environments on-farm trials network, three herbicide-free crop management routes for spring Camelina. Our results show that increasing Camelina sowing rates or intercropping Camelina with another species (barley or peas) are effective agroecological ways to control weeds in Camelina crop. In addition, the diagnosis of the variability of the yield, the oil seed content, and the fatty acid composition, carried out within the same experimental network, made it possible to identify (i) the main explaining factors (e.g. nitrogen status of the crop for yield), and (ii) environmental conditions (e.g. supply of mineral nitrogen from the soil) and practices (e.g. species intercropping) determining these factors.This knowledge production led, during a design workshop, to broaden the range of modalities of introduction and management of Camelina designed by farmers.Finally, we discuss how this original combination of multi-stakeholder platforms makes it possible (i) to produce at a lower cost located and generic knowledge, useful for design, and (ii) to equip both the farmer-designer, the agricultural advisor and the researcher, to support crop diversification within a territory.L’introduction d’espèces de diversification, voie incontournable pour assurer la transition agroécologique pose aujourd’hui une question majeure : comment produire de manière économe les connaissances nécessaires sur ces espèces, orphelines de recherche ?Nous avons proposé et mis en œuvre une démarche articulant conception et production de connaissances, et combinant différents dispositifs multi-acteurs pour accompagner l’introduction d’une nouvelle espèce dans les systèmes de culture. Ce travail s’appuie sur le cas de la cameline, introduite soit en culture principale soit en double culture dans les systèmes de culture de l’Oise, en vue du développement d’une bioraffinerie oléagineuse.Nous avons combiné un atelier multi-acteurs -regroupant agriculteurs, conseillers, chercheurs, ingénieurs en R&D agricole et industriels- et des essais de modalités de conduite de la cameline en double culture, conçus, gérés et évalués par des agriculteurs dans leur ferme. Cette approche a permis d’identifier des trous de connaissances (ex : l’effet précédent de la cameline sur la betterave) et de produire des connaissances utiles pour la conception (ex : des règles de décision pour la conduite).En parallèle, nous (chercheurs) avons conçu et évalué, au sein d’un réseau multi-local et pluriannuel de parcelles agricoles, trois itinéraires techniques de la cameline de printemps sans herbicide. Nos résultats montrent que l’augmentation de la densité de semis de cameline ou l’association de la cameline avec une autre espèce (orge ou pois) sont des leviers agroécologiques efficaces pour maîtriser les adventices dans la culture de cameline. De plus, le diagnostic de la variabilité du rendement, de la teneur en huile des graines, et de leur composition en acides gras, réalisé au sein de ce même réseau d’essais, a permis d’identifier (i) les principaux facteurs responsables (ex : le statut azoté de la culture pour le rendement), et (ii) les conditions environnementales (ex : fourniture d’azote minéral par le sol) et les pratiques (ex : association d’espèces) déterminant ces facteurs.Ces connaissances produites ont conduit lors d’un atelier de conception à élargir la gamme des modalités d’insertion et de conduite de la cameline, conçues par les agriculteurs.Enfin, nous discutons en quoi cette combinaison originale de dispositif multi-acteurs, permet (i) de produire à moindre coût des connaissances situées et génériques, utiles pour la conception, et (ii) d’outiller à la fois l’agriculteur-concepteur, le conseiller agricole et le chercheur, pour accompagner la diversification des systèmes de culture d’une région
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Introducing diversifying species into the cropping systems of a territory : combining knowledge production and design within multi-stakeholders platforms. Application to the case study of Camelina in the Oise department.
2019Co-Authors: Leclere MargotAbstract:L’introduction d’espèces de diversification, voie incontournable pour assurer la transition agroécologique pose aujourd’hui une question majeure : comment produire de manière économe les connaissances nécessaires sur ces espèces, orphelines de recherche ?Nous avons proposé et mis en œuvre une démarche articulant conception et production de connaissances, et combinant différents dispositifs multi-acteurs pour accompagner l’introduction d’une nouvelle espèce dans les systèmes de culture. Ce travail s’appuie sur le cas de la cameline, introduite soit en culture principale soit en double culture dans les systèmes de culture de l’Oise, en vue du développement d’une bioraffinerie oléagineuse.Nous avons combiné un atelier multi-acteurs -regroupant agriculteurs, conseillers, chercheurs, ingénieurs en R&D agricole et industriels- et des essais de modalités de conduite de la cameline en double culture, conçus, gérés et évalués par des agriculteurs dans leur ferme. Cette approche a permis d’identifier des trous de connaissances (ex : l’effet précédent de la cameline sur la betterave) et de produire des connaissances utiles pour la conception (ex : des règles de décision pour la conduite).En parallèle, nous (chercheurs) avons conçu et évalué, au sein d’un réseau multi-local et pluriannuel de parcelles agricoles, trois itinéraires techniques de la cameline de printemps sans herbicide. Nos résultats montrent que l’augmentation de la densité de semis de cameline ou l’association de la cameline avec une autre espèce (orge ou pois) sont des leviers agroécologiques efficaces pour maîtriser les adventices dans la culture de cameline. De plus, le diagnostic de la variabilité du rendement, de la teneur en huile des graines, et de leur composition en acides gras, réalisé au sein de ce même réseau d’essais, a permis d’identifier (i) les principaux facteurs responsables (ex : le statut azoté de la culture pour le rendement), et (ii) les conditions environnementales (ex : fourniture d’azote minéral par le sol) et les pratiques (ex : association d’espèces) déterminant ces facteurs.Ces connaissances produites ont conduit lors d’un atelier de conception à élargir la gamme des modalités d’insertion et de conduite de la cameline, conçues par les agriculteurs.Enfin, nous discutons en quoi cette combinaison originale de dispositif multi-acteurs, permet (i) de produire à moindre coût des connaissances situées et génériques, utiles pour la conception, et (ii) d’outiller à la fois l’agriculteur-concepteur, le conseiller agricole et le chercheur, pour accompagner la diversification des systèmes de culture d’une région.Crop diversification, which is a way to ensure agroecological transition, raises a major question: how to produce, at low cost, knowledge on these minor species, often poorly studied by agronomic research?Here, we proposed and implemented an approach combining design and knowledge production, within different multi-stakeholders platforms, to support the introduction of new species into cropping systems. The case study of Camelina, introduced either as a main crop or as a second crop in the cropping systems of the Oise department, in the context of the development of a local oilseed biorefinery, was used.First, we combined a multi-stakeholders workshop - bringing together farmers, advisors, researchers, agronomist from agricultural R&D and industrials - with on-farm trials on Camelina crop management routes as second crop, designed, managed and appraised by farmers themselves. This approach made it possible to identify knowledge gaps (e.g. the previous effect of the Camelina on sugar beet), but also to produce knowledge useful for design (e.g. decision-making rules).In parallel, we (researchers) designed and evaluated, within a multi-environments on-farm trials network, three herbicide-free crop management routes for spring Camelina. Our results show that increasing Camelina sowing rates or intercropping Camelina with another species (barley or peas) are effective agroecological ways to control weeds in Camelina crop. In addition, the diagnosis of the variability of the yield, the oil seed content, and the fatty acid composition, carried out within the same experimental network, made it possible to identify (i) the main explaining factors (e.g. nitrogen status of the crop for yield), and (ii) environmental conditions (e.g. supply of mineral nitrogen from the soil) and practices (e.g. species intercropping) determining these factors.This knowledge production led, during a design workshop, to broaden the range of modalities of introduction and management of Camelina designed by farmers.Finally, we discuss how this original combination of multi-stakeholder platforms makes it possible (i) to produce at a lower cost located and generic knowledge, useful for design, and (ii) to equip both the farmer-designer, the agricultural advisor and the researcher, to support crop diversification within a territory
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Introduire une espèce de diversification dans les systèmes de culture d'un territoire : articuler production de connaissances et conception dans des dispositifs multi-acteurs Cas de la cameline dans l'Oise
HAL CCSD, 2019Co-Authors: Leclere MargotAbstract:Crop diversification, a way to ensure agroecological transition, raises a major question: how to produce, at low cost, knowledge on these minor species, usually poorly studied by agronomic research? We proposed and implemented an approach combining knowledge production and design, within several multi-stakeholders platforms, to support the introduction of new species into cropping systems. The case study of Camelina, introduced either as a main crop or as a second crop in the cropping systems of the Oise department, was used, in the context of the development of a local oilseed biorefinery.First, we combined a multi-stakeholders workshop - gathering farmers, advisors, researchers, agronomist from agricultural R&D and industrials - with on-farm trials on Camelina crop management routes as second crop. These crop management routes were designed, managed and appraised by farmers themselves. This approach made it possible to identify knowledge gaps and to produce knowledge useful for design (e.g. decision rules to manage Camelina). In parallel, we (researchers) designed and assessed, within an on-farm trial network, three herbicide-free crop management routes for spring Camelina. Our results show that increasing Camelina sowing rates or intercropping Camelina with another species (barley or peas) were effective agroecological ways to control weeds in Camelina crop. In addition, the diagnosis of the variability of yield, oil seed content, and fatty acid composition, carried out within the same experimental network, made it possible to identify (i) the main explaining factors (e.g. nitrogen status of the crop for yield), and (ii) environmental conditions (e.g. supply of mineral nitrogen from the soil) and practices (e.g. species intercropping) determining these factors.This knowledge production led, during a design workshop, to broaden the range of modalities of introduction and management of Camelina designed by farmers. Finally, we discuss how this original combination of multi-stakeholders platforms makes it possible (i) to produce at low cost located and generic knowledge, useful for design, and (ii) to provide tools to designer-farmers, agricultural advisors and researchers to support crop diversification within a territory.L’introduction d’espèces de diversification, voie incontournable pour assurer la transition agroécologique, pose aujourd’hui une question majeure : comment produire de manière économe les connaissances nécessaires sur ces espèces orphelines de recherche ? Nous avons proposé et mis en œuvre une démarche articulant production de connaissances et conception, et combinant différents dispositifs multi-acteurs, pour accompagner l’introduction d’une nouvelle espèce dans les systèmes de culture. Ce travail s’appuie sur le cas de la cameline, introduite soit en culture principale soit en double culture dans les systèmes de culture de l’Oise, en vue du développement d’une bioraffinerie oléagineuse. Nous avons d’abord articulé un atelier multi-acteurs -regroupant agriculteurs, conseillers, chercheurs, ingénieurs en R&D agricole et industriels- et des essais de modalités de conduite de la cameline en double culture, conçus, gérés et évalués par des agriculteurs dans leur ferme. Cette approche a permis d’identifier des trous de connaissances et de produire des connaissances utiles pour la conception (ex : des règles de décision pour la conduite de la cameline). En parallèle, nous (chercheurs) avons conçu et évalué, au sein d’un réseau multi-local et pluriannuel de parcelles agricoles, trois itinéraires techniques de la cameline de printemps sans herbicide, en comparaison à l’itinéraire technique classiquement recommandé. Nos résultats montrent que l’augmentation de la densité de semis de cameline ou l’association de la cameline avec une autre espèce (orge ou pois) sont des leviers agroécologiques efficaces pour maîtriser les adventices dans la culture de cameline.De plus, le diagnostic de la variabilité du rendement, de la teneur en huile des graines, et de leur composition en acides gras, réalisé au sein de ce même réseau d’essais, a permis d’identifier (i) les principaux facteurs responsables (ex : le statut azoté de la culture pour le rendement), et (ii) les conditions environnementales (ex : fourniture d’azote minéral par le sol) et les pratiques (ex : association d’espèces) déterminant ces facteurs. La formalisation de ces connaissances, leur confrontation à la littérature scientifique, ainsi que leur partage et leur mise en discussion au cours de différents dispositifs d’échanges multi-acteurs au champ et en salle ont conduit à élargir la gamme des modalités d’insertion et de conduite de la cameline, conçues par les agriculteurs et adaptées à leurs conditions individuelles, lors d’un atelier de conception.Enfin, nous discutons en quoi cette combinaison originale de dispositifs multi-acteurs, permet (i) de produire à moindre coût des connaissances situées et génériques, utiles pour la conception, et (ii) d’outiller à la fois l’agriculteur-concepteur, le conseiller agricole et le chercheur, pour accompagner la diversification des systèmes de culture d’une région
Henna M. Karvonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of alpha linolenic acid ndash rich Camelina sativa oil on serum fatty acid composition and serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2002Co-Authors: Henna M. Karvonen, Antti Aro, Niina Tapola, Irma Salminen, Matti Uusitupa, Essi SarkkinenAbstract:Camelina sativa-derived oil (Camelina oil) is a good source of alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in serum fatty acids is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We studied the effects of Camelina oil on serum lipids and on the fatty acid composition of total lipids in comparison to rapeseed and olive oils in a parallel, double-blind setting. Sixty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects aged 28 to 65 years were randomly assigned after a 2-week pretrial period to 1 of 3 oil groups: Camelina oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil. Subjects consumed daily 30 g (actual intake, approximately 33 mL) of test oils for 6 weeks. In the Camelina group, the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in fatty acids of serum lipids was significantly higher (P <.001) compared to the 2 other oil groups at the end of the study: 2.5 times higher compared to the rapeseed oil group and 4 times higher compared to the olive oil group. Respectively the proportions of 2 metabolites of alpha-linolenic acid (eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids) increased and differed significantly in the Camelina group from those in other groups. During the intervention, the serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration decreased significantly by 12.2% in the Camelina oil group, 5.4% in the rapeseed oil group, and 7.7% in the olive oil group. In conclusion, Camelina oil significantly elevated the proportions of alpha-linolenic acid and its metabolites in serum of mildly or moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Camelina oil's serum cholesterol-lowering effect was comparable to that of rapeseed and olive oils.
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Effect of [alpha ]-linolenic acid[ndash ]rich Camelina sativa oil on serum fatty acid composition and serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects
Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2002Co-Authors: Henna M. Karvonen, Antti Aro, Niina Tapola, Irma Salminen, Matti Uusitupa, Essi SarkkinenAbstract:Camelina sativa-derived oil (Camelina oil) is a good source of alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in serum fatty acids is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We studied the effects of Camelina oil on serum lipids and on the fatty acid composition of total lipids in comparison to rapeseed and olive oils in a parallel, double-blind setting. Sixty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects aged 28 to 65 years were randomly assigned after a 2-week pretrial period to 1 of 3 oil groups: Camelina oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil. Subjects consumed daily 30 g (actual intake, approximately 33 mL) of test oils for 6 weeks. In the Camelina group, the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in fatty acids of serum lipids was significantly higher (P
Jinling Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seed-specific suppression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in Camelina sativa increases seed size and weight
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2018Co-Authors: Niranjan Aryal, Abdelhak Fatihi, Jinling KangAbstract:Background: Camelina Camelina sativa L. is a promising oilseed crop that may provide sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. One of the major drawbacks of Camelina is its smaller seeds compared to other major oil crops such as canola, which limit oil yield and may also pose challenges in successful seedling establishment, especially in dryland cultivation. Previous studies indicate that seed development may be under metabolic control. In oilseeds, starch only accumulates temporarily during seed development but is almost absent in mature seeds. In this study, we explored the effect of altering seed carbohydrate metabolism on Camelina seed size through down-regulating ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a major enzyme in starch biosynthesis.Results: An RNAi construct comprising sequences of the Camelina small subunit of an AGPase (CsAPS) was expressed in Camelina cultivar Suneson under a seed-specific promoter. The RNAi suppression reduced AGPase activities which concurred with moderately decreased starch accumulation during seed development. Transcripts of genes examined that are involved in storage products were not affected, but contents of sugars and water were increased in developing seeds. The transgenic seeds were larger than wild-type plants due to increased cell sizes in seed coat and embryos, and mature seeds contained similar oil but more protein contents. The larger seeds showed advantages on seedling emergence from deep soils.Conclusions: Changing starch and sugar metabolism during seed development may increase the size and mass of seeds without affecting their final oil content in Camelina. Increased seed size may improve seedling establishment in the field and increase seed yield.
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generation of transgenic plants of a potential oilseed crop Camelina sativa by agrobacterium mediated transformation
Plant Cell Reports, 2008Co-Authors: Jinling KangAbstract:Camelina sativa is an alternative oilseed crop that can be used as a potential low-cost biofuel crop or a source of health promoting omega-3 fatty acids. Currently, the fatty acid composition of Camelina does not uniquely fit any particular uses, thus limit its commercial value and large-scale production. In order to improve oil quality and other agronomic characters, we have developed an efficient and simple in planta method to generate transgenic Camelina plants. The method included Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of plants at early flowering stage along with a vacuum infiltration procedure. We used a fluorescent protein (DsRed) as a visual selection marker, which allowed us to conveniently screen mature transgenic seeds from a large number of untransformed seeds. Using this method, over 1% of transgenic seeds can be obtained. Genetic analysis revealed that most of transgenic plants contain a single copy of transgene. In addition, we also demonstrated that transgenic Camelina seeds produced novel hydroxy fatty acids by transforming a castor fatty acid hydroxylase. In conclusion, our results provide a rapid means to genetically improve agronomic characters of Camelina, including fatty acid profiles of its seed oils. Camelina may serve as a potential industrial crop to produce novel biotechnology products.
Antti Aro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of alpha linolenic acid ndash rich Camelina sativa oil on serum fatty acid composition and serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2002Co-Authors: Henna M. Karvonen, Antti Aro, Niina Tapola, Irma Salminen, Matti Uusitupa, Essi SarkkinenAbstract:Camelina sativa-derived oil (Camelina oil) is a good source of alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in serum fatty acids is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We studied the effects of Camelina oil on serum lipids and on the fatty acid composition of total lipids in comparison to rapeseed and olive oils in a parallel, double-blind setting. Sixty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects aged 28 to 65 years were randomly assigned after a 2-week pretrial period to 1 of 3 oil groups: Camelina oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil. Subjects consumed daily 30 g (actual intake, approximately 33 mL) of test oils for 6 weeks. In the Camelina group, the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in fatty acids of serum lipids was significantly higher (P <.001) compared to the 2 other oil groups at the end of the study: 2.5 times higher compared to the rapeseed oil group and 4 times higher compared to the olive oil group. Respectively the proportions of 2 metabolites of alpha-linolenic acid (eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids) increased and differed significantly in the Camelina group from those in other groups. During the intervention, the serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration decreased significantly by 12.2% in the Camelina oil group, 5.4% in the rapeseed oil group, and 7.7% in the olive oil group. In conclusion, Camelina oil significantly elevated the proportions of alpha-linolenic acid and its metabolites in serum of mildly or moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Camelina oil's serum cholesterol-lowering effect was comparable to that of rapeseed and olive oils.
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Effect of [alpha ]-linolenic acid[ndash ]rich Camelina sativa oil on serum fatty acid composition and serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects
Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2002Co-Authors: Henna M. Karvonen, Antti Aro, Niina Tapola, Irma Salminen, Matti Uusitupa, Essi SarkkinenAbstract:Camelina sativa-derived oil (Camelina oil) is a good source of alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in serum fatty acids is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We studied the effects of Camelina oil on serum lipids and on the fatty acid composition of total lipids in comparison to rapeseed and olive oils in a parallel, double-blind setting. Sixty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects aged 28 to 65 years were randomly assigned after a 2-week pretrial period to 1 of 3 oil groups: Camelina oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil. Subjects consumed daily 30 g (actual intake, approximately 33 mL) of test oils for 6 weeks. In the Camelina group, the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in fatty acids of serum lipids was significantly higher (P
