The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maggy N. B. Momba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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removal of waterborne bacteria from surface water and groundwater by cost effective household water treatment systems hwts a sustainable solution for improving water quality in rural communities of africa
Water SA, 2013Co-Authors: Jocelyne K. Mwabi, Bhekie B Mamba, Maggy N. B. MombaAbstract:In this study 5 household water-treatment devices/systems (HWTS) were constructed using inexpensive local materials (sand, gravel, zeolites and clays). They included the silver-impregnated porous pot Filter (SIPP), the ceramic Candle Filter (CCF), the conventional biosand Filter (BSF-S), a modified biosand Filter with zeolites (BSF-Z), and a bucket Filter (BF). Their ability to remove turbidity and pathogenic bacteria ( Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella dysenteriae ) from synthetic sterile water, groundwater and surface-water sources was evaluated. The flow rates ranged from 0.05 l·h -1 to 2.49 l·h -1 for SIPP; 1 l·h -1 to 4 l·h -1 for CCF; 0.81 l·h -1 to 6.84 l·h -1 for BSF-S; 1.74 l·h -1 to 19.2 l·h -1 for BSF-Z; and from 106.5 l·h -1 to 160.5 l·h -1 for BF. The highest (64% to 98% (0.74 to 1.08 NTU)) and lowest (14% to 76% (2.91 to 7.19 NTU)) average percentage turbidity removals were noted for SIPP and BF, respectively. The SIPP was the only device that consistently removed 100% of all target pathogens throughout the study. Its performance was found to be significantly superior (p<0.05) compared to that of the other four devices. Sixty (60%) to 100% bacterial removals were observed for BSF-S; 90% to 100% for BSF-Z; 90% to 100% for CCF; and 40% to 99.9% for BF. Based on the findings of this study the SIPP can be recommended for use by rural communities as it consistently produced high-quality water that complied with the SANS 241 turbidity and microbiological limits for drinking water. Keywords: safe drinking water, household water treatment, waterborne pathogens
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removal of escherichia coli and faecal coliforms from surface water and groundwater by household water treatment devices systems a sustainable solution for improving water quality in rural communities of the southern african development community reg
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2012Co-Authors: Jocelyne K. Mwabi, Bhekie B Mamba, Maggy N. B. MombaAbstract:There is significant evidence that household water treatment devices/systems (HWTS) are capable of dramatically improving microbially contaminated water quality. The purpose of this study was to examine five Filters [(biosand Filter-standard (BSF-S); biosand Filter-zeolite (BSF-Z); bucket Filter (BF); ceramic Candle Filter (CCF); and silver-impregnated porous pot (SIPP)] and evaluate their ability to improve the quality of drinking water at the household level. These HWTS were manufactured in the workshop of the Tshwane University of Technology and evaluated for efficiency to remove turbidity, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli from multiple water source samples, using standard methods. The flow rates ranged from 0.05 L/h to 2.49 L/h for SIPP, 1 L/h to 4 L/h for CCF, 0.81 L/h to 6.84 L/h for BSF-S, 1.74 L/h to 19.2 L/h and 106.5 L/h to 160.5 L/h for BF The turbidity of the raw water samples ranged between 2.17 and 40.4 NTU. The average turbidity obtained after filtration ranged from 0.6 to 8 NTU (BSF-S), 1 to 4 NTU (BSF-Z), 2 to 11 NTU (BF), and from 0.6 to 7 NTU (CCF) and 0.7 to 1 NTU for SIPP. The BSF-S, BSF-Z and CCF removed 2 to 4 log10 (99% to 100%) of coliform bacteria, while the BF removed 1 to 3 log (90% to 99.9%) of these bacteria. The performance of the SIPP in removing turbidity and indicator bacteria (>5 log10, 100%) was significantly higher compared to that of the other HWTS (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that the SIPP can be an effective and sustainable HWTS for the Southern African Development Community (SADC) rural communities, as it removed the total concentration of bacteria from test water, can be manufactured using locally available materials, and is easy to operate and to maintain.
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www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Removal of Escherichia coli and Faecal Coliforms from Surface Water and Groundwater by Household Water Treatment Devices/Systems: A Sustainable Solution for Improving Water Quality in Rural Communities of the South
2012Co-Authors: Jocelyne K. Mwabi, Hekie . Mamba, Maggy N. B. MombaAbstract:Abstract: There is significant evidence that household water treatment devices/systems (HWTS) are capable of dramatically improving microbially contaminated water quality. The purpose of this study was to examine five Filters [(biosand Filter-standard (BSF-S); biosand Filter-zeolite (BSF-Z); bucket Filter (BF); ceramic Candle Filter (CCF); and silver-impregnated porous pot (SIPP)] and evaluate their ability to improve the quality of drinking water at the household level. These HWTS were manufactured in the workshop of the Tshwane University of Technology and evaluated for efficiency to remove turbidity, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli from multiple water source samples, using standard methods. The flow rates ranged from 0.05 L/h to 2.49 L/h for SIPP, 1 L/h to 4 L/h for CCF, 0.81 L/h to 6.84 L/h for BSF-S, 1.74 L/h to 19.2 L/h and 106.5 L/h to 160.5 L/h for BF The turbidity of the raw water samples ranged between 2.17 and 40.4 NTU. The average turbidity obtained after filtration ranged from 0.6 to 8 NTU (BSF-S), 1 to 4 NTU (BSF-Z), 2 to 11 NTU (BF), and from 0.6 to 7 NTU (CCF) and 0.7 to 1 NTU for SIPP. The BSF-S, BSF-Z and CCF removed 2 to 4 log10 (99 % to 100%) of coliform bacteria, while the BFInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 140 removed 1 to 3 log (90 % to 99.9%) of these bacteria. The performance of the SIPP i
Jocelyne K. Mwabi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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removal of waterborne bacteria from surface water and groundwater by cost effective household water treatment systems hwts a sustainable solution for improving water quality in rural communities of africa
Water SA, 2013Co-Authors: Jocelyne K. Mwabi, Bhekie B Mamba, Maggy N. B. MombaAbstract:In this study 5 household water-treatment devices/systems (HWTS) were constructed using inexpensive local materials (sand, gravel, zeolites and clays). They included the silver-impregnated porous pot Filter (SIPP), the ceramic Candle Filter (CCF), the conventional biosand Filter (BSF-S), a modified biosand Filter with zeolites (BSF-Z), and a bucket Filter (BF). Their ability to remove turbidity and pathogenic bacteria ( Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella dysenteriae ) from synthetic sterile water, groundwater and surface-water sources was evaluated. The flow rates ranged from 0.05 l·h -1 to 2.49 l·h -1 for SIPP; 1 l·h -1 to 4 l·h -1 for CCF; 0.81 l·h -1 to 6.84 l·h -1 for BSF-S; 1.74 l·h -1 to 19.2 l·h -1 for BSF-Z; and from 106.5 l·h -1 to 160.5 l·h -1 for BF. The highest (64% to 98% (0.74 to 1.08 NTU)) and lowest (14% to 76% (2.91 to 7.19 NTU)) average percentage turbidity removals were noted for SIPP and BF, respectively. The SIPP was the only device that consistently removed 100% of all target pathogens throughout the study. Its performance was found to be significantly superior (p<0.05) compared to that of the other four devices. Sixty (60%) to 100% bacterial removals were observed for BSF-S; 90% to 100% for BSF-Z; 90% to 100% for CCF; and 40% to 99.9% for BF. Based on the findings of this study the SIPP can be recommended for use by rural communities as it consistently produced high-quality water that complied with the SANS 241 turbidity and microbiological limits for drinking water. Keywords: safe drinking water, household water treatment, waterborne pathogens
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removal of escherichia coli and faecal coliforms from surface water and groundwater by household water treatment devices systems a sustainable solution for improving water quality in rural communities of the southern african development community reg
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2012Co-Authors: Jocelyne K. Mwabi, Bhekie B Mamba, Maggy N. B. MombaAbstract:There is significant evidence that household water treatment devices/systems (HWTS) are capable of dramatically improving microbially contaminated water quality. The purpose of this study was to examine five Filters [(biosand Filter-standard (BSF-S); biosand Filter-zeolite (BSF-Z); bucket Filter (BF); ceramic Candle Filter (CCF); and silver-impregnated porous pot (SIPP)] and evaluate their ability to improve the quality of drinking water at the household level. These HWTS were manufactured in the workshop of the Tshwane University of Technology and evaluated for efficiency to remove turbidity, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli from multiple water source samples, using standard methods. The flow rates ranged from 0.05 L/h to 2.49 L/h for SIPP, 1 L/h to 4 L/h for CCF, 0.81 L/h to 6.84 L/h for BSF-S, 1.74 L/h to 19.2 L/h and 106.5 L/h to 160.5 L/h for BF The turbidity of the raw water samples ranged between 2.17 and 40.4 NTU. The average turbidity obtained after filtration ranged from 0.6 to 8 NTU (BSF-S), 1 to 4 NTU (BSF-Z), 2 to 11 NTU (BF), and from 0.6 to 7 NTU (CCF) and 0.7 to 1 NTU for SIPP. The BSF-S, BSF-Z and CCF removed 2 to 4 log10 (99% to 100%) of coliform bacteria, while the BF removed 1 to 3 log (90% to 99.9%) of these bacteria. The performance of the SIPP in removing turbidity and indicator bacteria (>5 log10, 100%) was significantly higher compared to that of the other HWTS (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that the SIPP can be an effective and sustainable HWTS for the Southern African Development Community (SADC) rural communities, as it removed the total concentration of bacteria from test water, can be manufactured using locally available materials, and is easy to operate and to maintain.
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www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Removal of Escherichia coli and Faecal Coliforms from Surface Water and Groundwater by Household Water Treatment Devices/Systems: A Sustainable Solution for Improving Water Quality in Rural Communities of the South
2012Co-Authors: Jocelyne K. Mwabi, Hekie . Mamba, Maggy N. B. MombaAbstract:Abstract: There is significant evidence that household water treatment devices/systems (HWTS) are capable of dramatically improving microbially contaminated water quality. The purpose of this study was to examine five Filters [(biosand Filter-standard (BSF-S); biosand Filter-zeolite (BSF-Z); bucket Filter (BF); ceramic Candle Filter (CCF); and silver-impregnated porous pot (SIPP)] and evaluate their ability to improve the quality of drinking water at the household level. These HWTS were manufactured in the workshop of the Tshwane University of Technology and evaluated for efficiency to remove turbidity, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli from multiple water source samples, using standard methods. The flow rates ranged from 0.05 L/h to 2.49 L/h for SIPP, 1 L/h to 4 L/h for CCF, 0.81 L/h to 6.84 L/h for BSF-S, 1.74 L/h to 19.2 L/h and 106.5 L/h to 160.5 L/h for BF The turbidity of the raw water samples ranged between 2.17 and 40.4 NTU. The average turbidity obtained after filtration ranged from 0.6 to 8 NTU (BSF-S), 1 to 4 NTU (BSF-Z), 2 to 11 NTU (BF), and from 0.6 to 7 NTU (CCF) and 0.7 to 1 NTU for SIPP. The BSF-S, BSF-Z and CCF removed 2 to 4 log10 (99 % to 100%) of coliform bacteria, while the BFInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 140 removed 1 to 3 log (90 % to 99.9%) of these bacteria. The performance of the SIPP i
Shashikala Menon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microbiological performance of common water treatment devices for household use in India
International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas Clasen, Shashikala MenonAbstract:Diarrhoea and other diseases associated with unsafe drinking water are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and in India. Household-based water treatment has been shown to be an effective means of reducing this disease burden. Numerous such devices are manufactured and sold all over the world. We tested the microbiological performance of a leading brand of each of three common types of water treatment devices designed for household use in India: a ceramic Candle gravity Filter, an iodine resin gravity Filter and an iodine resin faucet mounted Filter. The ceramic Candle Filter and the iodine resin faucet Filter reduced bacteria by more than 4 logs. However, the reduction of the MS2 phage (surrogate for viruses) and 3 micron microspheres (surrogate for protozoan cysts) in these devices was lower than log 3.4 and log 2.6, respectively. There were also high levels of residual iodide (and in some cases, iodine) in treated water from the iodine-based devices. While household water treatment could play an important role in India, standards are necessary so that consumers can ensure that the devices they purchase and use in the home are effective and safe.
Bhekie B Mamba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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removal of waterborne bacteria from surface water and groundwater by cost effective household water treatment systems hwts a sustainable solution for improving water quality in rural communities of africa
Water SA, 2013Co-Authors: Jocelyne K. Mwabi, Bhekie B Mamba, Maggy N. B. MombaAbstract:In this study 5 household water-treatment devices/systems (HWTS) were constructed using inexpensive local materials (sand, gravel, zeolites and clays). They included the silver-impregnated porous pot Filter (SIPP), the ceramic Candle Filter (CCF), the conventional biosand Filter (BSF-S), a modified biosand Filter with zeolites (BSF-Z), and a bucket Filter (BF). Their ability to remove turbidity and pathogenic bacteria ( Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella dysenteriae ) from synthetic sterile water, groundwater and surface-water sources was evaluated. The flow rates ranged from 0.05 l·h -1 to 2.49 l·h -1 for SIPP; 1 l·h -1 to 4 l·h -1 for CCF; 0.81 l·h -1 to 6.84 l·h -1 for BSF-S; 1.74 l·h -1 to 19.2 l·h -1 for BSF-Z; and from 106.5 l·h -1 to 160.5 l·h -1 for BF. The highest (64% to 98% (0.74 to 1.08 NTU)) and lowest (14% to 76% (2.91 to 7.19 NTU)) average percentage turbidity removals were noted for SIPP and BF, respectively. The SIPP was the only device that consistently removed 100% of all target pathogens throughout the study. Its performance was found to be significantly superior (p<0.05) compared to that of the other four devices. Sixty (60%) to 100% bacterial removals were observed for BSF-S; 90% to 100% for BSF-Z; 90% to 100% for CCF; and 40% to 99.9% for BF. Based on the findings of this study the SIPP can be recommended for use by rural communities as it consistently produced high-quality water that complied with the SANS 241 turbidity and microbiological limits for drinking water. Keywords: safe drinking water, household water treatment, waterborne pathogens
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removal of escherichia coli and faecal coliforms from surface water and groundwater by household water treatment devices systems a sustainable solution for improving water quality in rural communities of the southern african development community reg
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2012Co-Authors: Jocelyne K. Mwabi, Bhekie B Mamba, Maggy N. B. MombaAbstract:There is significant evidence that household water treatment devices/systems (HWTS) are capable of dramatically improving microbially contaminated water quality. The purpose of this study was to examine five Filters [(biosand Filter-standard (BSF-S); biosand Filter-zeolite (BSF-Z); bucket Filter (BF); ceramic Candle Filter (CCF); and silver-impregnated porous pot (SIPP)] and evaluate their ability to improve the quality of drinking water at the household level. These HWTS were manufactured in the workshop of the Tshwane University of Technology and evaluated for efficiency to remove turbidity, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli from multiple water source samples, using standard methods. The flow rates ranged from 0.05 L/h to 2.49 L/h for SIPP, 1 L/h to 4 L/h for CCF, 0.81 L/h to 6.84 L/h for BSF-S, 1.74 L/h to 19.2 L/h and 106.5 L/h to 160.5 L/h for BF The turbidity of the raw water samples ranged between 2.17 and 40.4 NTU. The average turbidity obtained after filtration ranged from 0.6 to 8 NTU (BSF-S), 1 to 4 NTU (BSF-Z), 2 to 11 NTU (BF), and from 0.6 to 7 NTU (CCF) and 0.7 to 1 NTU for SIPP. The BSF-S, BSF-Z and CCF removed 2 to 4 log10 (99% to 100%) of coliform bacteria, while the BF removed 1 to 3 log (90% to 99.9%) of these bacteria. The performance of the SIPP in removing turbidity and indicator bacteria (>5 log10, 100%) was significantly higher compared to that of the other HWTS (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that the SIPP can be an effective and sustainable HWTS for the Southern African Development Community (SADC) rural communities, as it removed the total concentration of bacteria from test water, can be manufactured using locally available materials, and is easy to operate and to maintain.
Steffen Heidenreich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gas cleaning gas conditioning and tar abatement by means of a catalytic Filter Candle in a biomass fluidized bed gasifier
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Sergio Rapagna, Manuela Di Marcello, Steffen Heidenreich, Katia Gallucci, Muriel Matt, M. Nacken, Pier Ugo FoscoloAbstract:Abstract A bench-scale fluidized-bed biomass gasification plant, operating at atmospheric pressure and temperature within the range 800–820 °C, has been used to test an innovative gas cleaning device: a catalytic Filter Candle fitted into the bed freeboard. This housing of the gas conditioning system within the gasifier itself results in a very compact unit and greatly reduced thermal losses. Long term (22 h) tests were performed on the gasifier both with and without the catalytic Candle Filter, under otherwise identical conditions. Analysis of the product gas for the two cases showed the catalytic filtration to give rise to notable improvements in both gas quality and gas yield: an increase in hydrogen yield of 130% and an overall increase in gas yield of 69% – with corresponding decreases in methane and tar content of 20% and 79%, respectively. HPLC/UV analysis was used to characterize the tar compounds.
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in situ catalytic ceramic Candle filtration for tar reforming and particulate abatement in a fluidized bed biomass gasifier
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Sergio Rapagna, Manuela Di Marcello, Katia Gallucci, M. Nacken, Pier Ugo Foscolo, Steffen HeidenreichAbstract:Results are reported for the continuous steam gasification of biomass in a fluidized-bed reactor equipped with a catalytic ceramic Candle Filter in the freeboard. The Filter, a silicon carbide based element (DIA-SCHUMALITH) with a mullite outer membrane, was used as a carrier for a MgO-Al2O3-supported Ni catalyst. Tar in the product gas was monitored for gasification runs performed using both catalytic and noncatalytic Candle Filters over a temperature range of 675−840 °C. It was found that the catalytic Candles had the effect of raising the gas yield from 1.35 to 1.55 N m3 per kg of dry biomass and converting 58% of the product tar and 23% of the product methane.
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operation behavior of a multi Candle Filter with coupled pressure pulse recleaning during normal operation and in the case of a Filter Candle failure
2002Co-Authors: Leibold Seifert H H, Steffen Heidenreich, Walter HaagAbstract:A pilot Filter with the CPP recleaning system was installed and commissioned during the first half year of 2000 in ''PYDRA'', the pyrolytic rotary tube facility of the Institute for Technical Chemistry, Research Center Karlsruhe. The Filter, with a rated throughput of 50 std.m{sup 3}/h, is equipped with two clusters of three Filter Candles each (DIA-SCHUMALITH{reg_sign} T 10-20, 1 = 1500 mm), and has been designed for a maximum operating temperature of 550 C. After commissioning, the Filter was run in the stand-alone mode, first without pyrolysis, to Filter sticky inorganic dust of the type which can arise in waste incineration in the temperature range above 400 C.
