The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gianmarco Leon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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civil conflict and human Capital Accumulation the long term effects of political violence in peru
Journal of Human Resources, 2012Co-Authors: Gianmarco LeonAbstract:This paper provides empirical evidence of the persistent effect of exposure to political violence on human Capital Accumulation. I exploit the variation in conflict location and birth cohorts to identify the long- and short-term effects of the civil war on educational attainment. Conditional on being exposed to violence, the average person accumulates 0.31 less years of education as an adult. In the short term, the effects are stronger than in the long run; these results hold when comparing children within the same household. Further, exposure to violence during early childhood leads to permanent losses. I also explore the potential causal mechanisms.
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civil conflict and human Capital Accumulation the long term effects of political violence in peru
Social Science Research Network, 2010Co-Authors: Gianmarco LeonAbstract:This paper provides empirical evidence of the long- and short-term effects of political violence exposure on human Capital Accumulation. Using a novel data set that registers all the violent acts and fatalities during the Peruvian civil conflict, I exploit the variation in war location and birth cohorts of children to identify the effect of the civil war on educational attainment. The results show that, conditional on being exposed to violence, the average person accumulates about 0.21 less years of education as an adult. In the short-term, the effects are stronger than in the long run. Further, children are able to catch-up if they experience violence once they have already started their schooling cycle, while if they are affected earlier in life the effect persists in the long run. I explore the potential causal mechanisms, finding that supply shocks delay entrance to school but don't cause lower educational achievement in the long-run. On the demand side, suggestive evidence shows that the effect on mother's health status and the subsequent effect on child health is what drives the long-run results.
Omer Moav - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from physical to human Capital Accumulation inequality and the process of development
The Review of Economic Studies, 2004Co-Authors: Oded Galor, Omer MoavAbstract:This paper develops a growth theory that captures the replacement of physical Capital Accumulation by human Capital Accumulation as a prime engine of growth along the process of development. It argues that the positive impact of inequality on the growth process was reversed in this process. In early stages of the Industrial Revolution, when physical Capital Accumulation was the prime source of growth, inequality stimulated development by channelling resources towards individuals with a higher propensity to save. As human Capital emerged as a growth engine, equality alleviated adverse effects of credit constraints on human Capital Accumulation, stimulating the growth process. This research develops a growth theory that captures the endogenous replacement of physical Capital Accumulation by human Capital Accumulation as a prime engine of economic growth in the transition from the Industrial Revolution to modern growth. The proposed theory offers a unified account for the effect of income inequality on the growth process during this transition. It argues that the replacement of physical Capital Accumulation by human Capital Accumulation as a prime engine of economic growth changed the qualitative impact of inequality on the process of development. In the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, when physical Capital Accumulation was the prime source of economic growth, inequality enhanced the process of development by channelling resources towards individuals whose marginal propensity to save is higher. In the later stages of the transition to modern growth, as human Capital emerged as a prime engine of economic growth, equality alleviated the adverse effect of credit constraints on human Capital Accumulation and stimulated the growth process. The proposed theory unifies two fundamental approaches regarding the effect of income distribution on the process of development: the Classical approach and the Credit Market Imperfection approach. 1 The Classical approach was originated by Smith (1776) and was further interpreted and developed by Keynes (1920), Lewis (1954), Kaldor (1957), and Bourguignon (1981). According to this approach, saving rates are an increasing function of wealth and inequality therefore channels resources towards individuals whose marginal propensity to save 1. The socio-political economy approach provides an alternative mechanism: equality diminishes the tendency for socio-political instability, or distortionary redistribution, and hence it stimulates investment and economic growth. See the comprehensive survey of Benabou (1996b).
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from physical to human Capital Accumulation inequality and the process of development
The Review of Economic Studies, 2004Co-Authors: Oded Galor, Omer MoavAbstract:This paper presents a unified theory that provides an intertemporal reconciliation between conflicting viewpoints about the effect of inequality on economic growth. It argues that the replacement of physical Capital Accumulation by human Capital Accumulation as a prime engine of economic growth has changed the qualitative impact of inequality on the process of development. In early stages of industrialization as physical Capital Accumulation is a prime source of economic growth, inequality enhances the process of development by channeling resources towards individuals whose marginal propensity to save is higher. In later stages of development, however, as the return to human Capital increases due to Capital-skill complementarity, human Capital becomes the prime engine of growth and equality, given credit constraints, stimulating investment in human Capital and economic growth. As wages increase, however, credit constraints become less binding and the overall effect of inequality becomes insignificant.
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from physical to human Capital Accumulation inequality and the process of development
GE Growth Math methods, 2004Co-Authors: Oded Galor, Omer MoavAbstract:This paper develops a growth theory that captures the replacement of physical Capital Accumulation by human Capital Accumulation as a prime engine of growth along the process of development. It argues that the positive impact of inequality on the growth process was reversed in this process. In early stages of the Industrial Revolution, when physical Capital Accumulation was the prime source of growth, inequality stimulated development by channeling resources towards individuals with a higher propensity to save. As human Capital emerged as a growth engine, equality alleviated adverse effects of credit constraints on human Capital Accumulation, stimulating the growth process.
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from physical to human Capital Accumulation inequality in the process of development
Social Science Research Network, 2002Co-Authors: Omer Moav, Oded GalorAbstract:This paper develops a unified theory for the dynamic implications of income inequality on the process of development. The proposed theory argues that the replacement of physical Capital Accumulation by human Capital Accumulation as a prime engine of economic growth has changed the qualitative impact of inequality on the process of development. In early stages of industrialization as physical Capital Accumulation is a prime source of economic growth, inequality enhances the process of development by channeling resources towards individuals whose marginal propensity to save is higher. In later stages of development, however, as the return to human Capital increases due to Capital-skill complementarity, human Capital becomes the prime engine of growth and equality, in the presence of credit constraints, stimulates investment in human Capital and promotes economic growth. As wages increase, however, credit constraints become less binding, differences in the marginal propensity to save decline and the aggregate effect of income distribution on the growth process becomes therefore less significant.
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from physical to human Capital Accumulation inequality in the process of development
Research Papers in Economics, 1999Co-Authors: Oded Galor, Omer MoavAbstract:This paper presents a unified theory that provides an intertemporal reconciliation between conflicting viewpoints about the effect of inequality on economic growth. It argues that the replacement of physical Capital Accumulation by human Capital Accumulation as a prime engine of economic growth has changed the qualitative impact of inequality on the process of development. In early stages of industrialization as physical Capital Accumulation is a prime source of economic growth, inequality enhances the process of development by channeling resources towards individuals whose marginal propensity to save is higher. In later stages of development, however, as the return to human Capital increases due to Capital-skill complementarity, human Capital becomes the prime engine of growth and equality, given credit constraints, stimulating investment in human Capital and economic growth. As wages increase, however, credit constraints become less binding and the overall effect of inequality becomes insignificant.
Beverly B Tyler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationships between supplier development commitment social Capital Accumulation and performance improvement
Journal of Operations Management, 2007Co-Authors: Daniel R Krause, Robert B Handfield, Beverly B TylerAbstract:Abstract This study investigates the relationships between U.S. buying firms’ supplier development efforts, commitment, social Capital Accumulation with key suppliers, and buying firm performance. We identify linkages between supply chain management research on supplier development and organization theory research on social Capital to consider how buying firm commitment to a long-term relationship, cognitive Capital (goals and values), structural Capital (information sharing, supplier evaluation, supplier development), and relational Capital (length of relationship, buyer dependency, supplier dependency) are related to buying firm performance improvements (cost improvements, and quality, delivery, flexibility improvements). Analysis of buying firms from the U.S. automotive and electronics industries provides support for the theory that buyer commitment and social Capital Accumulation with key suppliers can improve buying company performance. Moreover, the findings suggest that the relationships of structural and relational Capital vary depending on the type of performance improvement considered.
Suyol Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of green supply chain management on the supplier s performance through social Capital Accumulation
Supply Chain Management, 2015Co-Authors: Suyol LeeAbstract:Purpose – This paper aims to examine the effects of green supply chain management (GSCM) on environmental and operational performances with a perspective of social Capital Accumulation in the supply chain. The roles of structural Capital and relational social Capital in GSCM were empirically explored. Design/methodology/approach – A research model was developed to investigate the effects of GSCM on a supplier’s environmental and operational performances through structural and relational social Capitals. Using an exploratory factor analysis, the study identified the structural and relational dimensions of social Capital and the environmental and operational performance dimensions of supplier’s performance. The hypotheses were tested on data of 207 responses collected from supplying firms in South Korea, using structural equation modeling. Findings – The paper finds that GSCM contributes to the environmental and operational performance improvements of the supply chain through social Capital Accumulation. Re...
Jeanphilippe Stijns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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natural resource abundance and human Capital Accumulation
World Development, 2006Co-Authors: Jeanphilippe StijnsAbstract:Summary This paper studies the link between resource abundance and human Capital Accumulation. It reviews the commonly used indicators of resource abundance and human Capital Accumulation. The case for a form of resource curse in human Capital Accumulation is not robust to reasonable changes in these indicators. In fact, subsoil wealth and resource rents per capita are shown to be significantly correlated with improved indicators of human Capital Accumulation. If mineral wealth is what authors have in mind when they refer to natural resource abundance, then they should choose indicators that measure this concept as accurately as possible.
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natural resource abundance and human Capital Accumulation
Conference Papers, 2001Co-Authors: Jeanphilippe StijnsAbstract:This study examines indicators of human Capital Accumulation together with data for natural resource abundance and rents in a panel of 102 countries running from 1970 to 1999. Mineral wealth makes a positive and marked difference on human Capital Accumulation. Matching on observables reveals that cross-country results are not driven by a third factor such as overall economic development. Political stability does seem to affect both human Capital Accumulation and subsoil wealth, but not enough to overturn my conclusions. Instrumentation reveals that reverse causality running from education to natural resources does not drive the results. Estimation of a panel VAR indicates that, over the three decades, a $1 shock to resource rent generates five cents of extra educational expenditure per year. These results are consistent with Hirschman's conjecture that enclave economies have weaker production leakages but stronger government revenue linkages than other activities. The "wealth channel" identified in this paper implies that caution should be exerted when discouraging countries from exploiting their mineral wealth, especially for countries where human Capital is scarce.
