The Experts below are selected from a list of 99 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Giridhar Athrey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effective population sizes and adaptive genetic variation in a Captive Bird population
    PeerJ, 2018
    Co-Authors: Giridhar Athrey, Nikolas Faust, Annesophie Charlotte Hieke, Lehr I Brisbin
    Abstract:

    : Captive populations are considered a key component of ex situ conservation programs. Research on multiple taxa has shown the differential success of maintaining demographic versus genetic stability and viability in Captive populations. In typical Captive populations, usually founded by few or related individuals, genetic diversity can be lost and inbreeding can accumulate rapidly, calling into question their ultimate utility for release into the wild. Furthermore, domestication selection for survival in Captive conditions is another concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the dynamics of population sizes, particularly the effective population size, and genetic diversity at non-neutral and adaptive loci in Captive populations. In this study, we assessed effective population sizes and genetic variation at both neutral microsatellite markers, as well as SNP variants from the MHC-B locus of a Captive Red Junglefowl population. This population represents a rare instance of a population with a well-documented history in captivity, following a realistic scenario of chain-of-custody, unlike many Captive lab populations. Our analyses, which included 27 individuals comprising the entirety of one Captive population show very low neutral and adaptive genetic variation, as well as low effective sizes, which correspond with the known demographic history. Finally, our study also shows the divergent impacts of small effective size and inbreeding in Captive populations on microsatellite versus adaptive genetic variation in the MHC-B locus. Our study provides insights into the difficulties of maintaining adaptive genetic variation in small Captive populations.

  • effective population sizes and adaptive genetic variation in a Captive Bird population
    bioRxiv, 2018
    Co-Authors: Giridhar Athrey, Nikolas Faust
    Abstract:

    Captive populations are considered a key component of ex situ conservation programs. Research on multiple taxa have shown the differential success of maintaining demographic versus genetic stability and viability in Captive populations. In typical Captive populations, usually founded by few or related individuals, genetic diversity can be lost and inbreeding can accumulate rapidly, calling into question their ultimate utility for release into the wild. Furthermore, domestication selection for survival in Captive conditions is another concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the dynamics of population sizes, particularly the effective population size, and genetic diversity at non-neutral, at adaptive loci in Captive populations. In this study, we assessed effective population sizes and genetic variation at both neutral microsatellite markers, as well as SNP variants from the MHC-B locus of a Captive Red Junglefowl population. This population is a rare instance of a well-documented history in captivity, and also following a realistic chain-of-custody, unlike Captive lab populations. Our analysis of 27 individuals that comprise the entirety of one Captive population. Our results show very low neutral and adaptive genetic variation, as well as low effective sizes, which are surprising in spite of the known demographic history. Finally, our study also shows the divergent impacts of small effective size and inbreeding in Captive populations on microsatellite versus adaptive genetic variation in the MHC B locus. Our study provides insights into the difficulties of maintaining adaptive genetic variation in small Captive populations.

Nikolas Faust - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effective population sizes and adaptive genetic variation in a Captive Bird population
    PeerJ, 2018
    Co-Authors: Giridhar Athrey, Nikolas Faust, Annesophie Charlotte Hieke, Lehr I Brisbin
    Abstract:

    : Captive populations are considered a key component of ex situ conservation programs. Research on multiple taxa has shown the differential success of maintaining demographic versus genetic stability and viability in Captive populations. In typical Captive populations, usually founded by few or related individuals, genetic diversity can be lost and inbreeding can accumulate rapidly, calling into question their ultimate utility for release into the wild. Furthermore, domestication selection for survival in Captive conditions is another concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the dynamics of population sizes, particularly the effective population size, and genetic diversity at non-neutral and adaptive loci in Captive populations. In this study, we assessed effective population sizes and genetic variation at both neutral microsatellite markers, as well as SNP variants from the MHC-B locus of a Captive Red Junglefowl population. This population represents a rare instance of a population with a well-documented history in captivity, following a realistic scenario of chain-of-custody, unlike many Captive lab populations. Our analyses, which included 27 individuals comprising the entirety of one Captive population show very low neutral and adaptive genetic variation, as well as low effective sizes, which correspond with the known demographic history. Finally, our study also shows the divergent impacts of small effective size and inbreeding in Captive populations on microsatellite versus adaptive genetic variation in the MHC-B locus. Our study provides insights into the difficulties of maintaining adaptive genetic variation in small Captive populations.

  • effective population sizes and adaptive genetic variation in a Captive Bird population
    bioRxiv, 2018
    Co-Authors: Giridhar Athrey, Nikolas Faust
    Abstract:

    Captive populations are considered a key component of ex situ conservation programs. Research on multiple taxa have shown the differential success of maintaining demographic versus genetic stability and viability in Captive populations. In typical Captive populations, usually founded by few or related individuals, genetic diversity can be lost and inbreeding can accumulate rapidly, calling into question their ultimate utility for release into the wild. Furthermore, domestication selection for survival in Captive conditions is another concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the dynamics of population sizes, particularly the effective population size, and genetic diversity at non-neutral, at adaptive loci in Captive populations. In this study, we assessed effective population sizes and genetic variation at both neutral microsatellite markers, as well as SNP variants from the MHC-B locus of a Captive Red Junglefowl population. This population is a rare instance of a well-documented history in captivity, and also following a realistic chain-of-custody, unlike Captive lab populations. Our analysis of 27 individuals that comprise the entirety of one Captive population. Our results show very low neutral and adaptive genetic variation, as well as low effective sizes, which are surprising in spite of the known demographic history. Finally, our study also shows the divergent impacts of small effective size and inbreeding in Captive populations on microsatellite versus adaptive genetic variation in the MHC B locus. Our study provides insights into the difficulties of maintaining adaptive genetic variation in small Captive populations.

Lehr I Brisbin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effective population sizes and adaptive genetic variation in a Captive Bird population
    PeerJ, 2018
    Co-Authors: Giridhar Athrey, Nikolas Faust, Annesophie Charlotte Hieke, Lehr I Brisbin
    Abstract:

    : Captive populations are considered a key component of ex situ conservation programs. Research on multiple taxa has shown the differential success of maintaining demographic versus genetic stability and viability in Captive populations. In typical Captive populations, usually founded by few or related individuals, genetic diversity can be lost and inbreeding can accumulate rapidly, calling into question their ultimate utility for release into the wild. Furthermore, domestication selection for survival in Captive conditions is another concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the dynamics of population sizes, particularly the effective population size, and genetic diversity at non-neutral and adaptive loci in Captive populations. In this study, we assessed effective population sizes and genetic variation at both neutral microsatellite markers, as well as SNP variants from the MHC-B locus of a Captive Red Junglefowl population. This population represents a rare instance of a population with a well-documented history in captivity, following a realistic scenario of chain-of-custody, unlike many Captive lab populations. Our analyses, which included 27 individuals comprising the entirety of one Captive population show very low neutral and adaptive genetic variation, as well as low effective sizes, which correspond with the known demographic history. Finally, our study also shows the divergent impacts of small effective size and inbreeding in Captive populations on microsatellite versus adaptive genetic variation in the MHC-B locus. Our study provides insights into the difficulties of maintaining adaptive genetic variation in small Captive populations.

Norbert Nowotny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • emergence and establishment of usutu virus infection in wild and Captive avian species in and around zurich switzerland genomic and pathologic comparison to other central european outbreaks
    Veterinary Microbiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Hanspeter W Steinmetz, Tamas Bakonyi, Herbert Weissenbock, Jeanmichel Hatt, Ulrike Eulenberger, Nadia Robert, Richard K Hoop, Norbert Nowotny
    Abstract:

    In late summer 2006 considerable mortality in wild and Captive Passeriformes and Strigiformes was observed in Zurich, Switzerland. All animals were found in a range of 2km(2). Observed clinical signs involved depression, ruffled plumage, incoordination, seizures and peracute death. Nutritional status was generally moderate to poor in wild Birds, and variable in Captive animals. Necropsy showed marked splenomegaly, a mild hepatomegaly, and pulmonary hyperemia in most animals. Histopathologic lesions were very discrete and consisted mainly of neuronal necrosis, leucocytolysis in and around the brain blood vessels, and miliary liver necrosis. The diagnosis Usutu virus (USUV) infection was established by USUV-specific immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Partial nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed>99% identity between the viruses that emerged in Zurich in 2006, in Vienna in 2001, and in Budapest in 2005. Since 2008 a significantly lower mortality was observed in wild Passeriformes, but USUV infection was confirmed for the first time beyond Zurich city limits. Indoor housing and regular treatment against ectoparasites are likely to have prevented acute USUV disease in Captive Strigiformes. USUV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus causing fatalities in various avian species. After the initial European outbreaks in Austria in 2001 it appears that the virus has extended its range in Central Europe and has established a transmission cycle between local Bird and mosquito species. Further episodes of increased avian mortality in the forthcoming years, with impact on wild and Captive Bird populations, predominantly Passeriformes and Strigiformes, can be anticipated. Furthermore, the possibility of broader dispersal of USUV in Europe during the next mosquito seasons must be considered and an increased mortality in Passeriformes and Strigiformes must be expected until protective "flock immunity" is established. Collections of valuable and endangered Passeriformes and Strigiformes, especially young of the year, should therefore be housed indoors or treated against ectoparasites at acceptable intervals between July and September each year.

Tamas Bakonyi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • emergence and establishment of usutu virus infection in wild and Captive avian species in and around zurich switzerland genomic and pathologic comparison to other central european outbreaks
    Veterinary Microbiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Hanspeter W Steinmetz, Tamas Bakonyi, Herbert Weissenbock, Jeanmichel Hatt, Ulrike Eulenberger, Nadia Robert, Richard K Hoop, Norbert Nowotny
    Abstract:

    In late summer 2006 considerable mortality in wild and Captive Passeriformes and Strigiformes was observed in Zurich, Switzerland. All animals were found in a range of 2km(2). Observed clinical signs involved depression, ruffled plumage, incoordination, seizures and peracute death. Nutritional status was generally moderate to poor in wild Birds, and variable in Captive animals. Necropsy showed marked splenomegaly, a mild hepatomegaly, and pulmonary hyperemia in most animals. Histopathologic lesions were very discrete and consisted mainly of neuronal necrosis, leucocytolysis in and around the brain blood vessels, and miliary liver necrosis. The diagnosis Usutu virus (USUV) infection was established by USUV-specific immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Partial nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed>99% identity between the viruses that emerged in Zurich in 2006, in Vienna in 2001, and in Budapest in 2005. Since 2008 a significantly lower mortality was observed in wild Passeriformes, but USUV infection was confirmed for the first time beyond Zurich city limits. Indoor housing and regular treatment against ectoparasites are likely to have prevented acute USUV disease in Captive Strigiformes. USUV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus causing fatalities in various avian species. After the initial European outbreaks in Austria in 2001 it appears that the virus has extended its range in Central Europe and has established a transmission cycle between local Bird and mosquito species. Further episodes of increased avian mortality in the forthcoming years, with impact on wild and Captive Bird populations, predominantly Passeriformes and Strigiformes, can be anticipated. Furthermore, the possibility of broader dispersal of USUV in Europe during the next mosquito seasons must be considered and an increased mortality in Passeriformes and Strigiformes must be expected until protective "flock immunity" is established. Collections of valuable and endangered Passeriformes and Strigiformes, especially young of the year, should therefore be housed indoors or treated against ectoparasites at acceptable intervals between July and September each year.