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H L Shaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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digestible energy intake dry matter digestibility and effect of increased calcium intake on bone parameters of grazing thoroughbred weanlings in new zealand
New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2003Co-Authors: N D Grace, T L Faram, C. W. Rogers, Elwyn C. Firth, H L ShawAbstract:Abstract AIMS: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and the effects of increased calcium (Ca) intakes on apparent mineral absorption and bone characteristics in grazing weanling Thoroughbreds. METHODS: DM intake (DMI) and DEI were determined in 16 weanling Thoroughbreds grazing pasture from their daily faecal DM output, measured over 8 days, divided by the DM indigestible fraction (1–digestible DM) determined in a 6-day digestibility trial. The DM, gross energy content, crude protein, soluble Carbohydrate, Acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, lipid, Ca, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), sulphur (S) and magnesium (Mg) composition of perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture and faeces were determined and their digestibility and/or apparent absorption calculated. Calcium intake and bone growth studies used 17 weanlings, randomly divided into three groups and fed perennial ryegrass/ white clover pasture and 0...
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digestible energy intake dry matter digestibility and mineral status of grazing new zealand thoroughbred yearlings
New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2002Co-Authors: N D Grace, Elwyn C. Firth, E K Gee, H L ShawAbstract:Abstract AIM: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and to determine the effect of Ca, P, Cu, Zn, and Se supplementation on growth rate and degree of physeal swelling in Thoroughbred yearlings grazed on pasture. METHODS: Fourteen yearling horses were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups and rotationally grazed on a ryegrass/white clover pasture for 7 months. One group was supplemented daily with a mineral mix. Liveweight changes were recorded at fortnightly intervals and pasture mineral composition determined at monthly intervals. The DM intake (DMI) was determined from daily faecal DM outputs divided by the indigestible DM fraction (1 — digestible DM) determined from a digestibility study. The DEI was determined from the difference between the gross energy intake and the gross energy faecal output. The DM, gross energy content, crude protein (CP), soluble Carbohydrate, Acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF...
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Determination of the digestible energy intake and apparent absorption of macroelements in pasture-fed lactating Thoroughbred mares
New Zealand veterinary journal, 2002Co-Authors: N D Grace, H L Shaw, E K Gee, Elwyn C. FirthAbstract:Abstract AIM: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy (DE) intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and to determine the apparent absorption of macroelements in lactating Thoroughbred mares grazed on pasture. METHODS: DM intake (DMI) and DEI were determined from daily faecal DM output measured in grazing mares, divided by the DM indigestible fraction (1-digestible DM), measured in a digestibility trial using pasture-fed mares. Eight lactating mares and their foals, that had a mean age of 40 days, were grazed separately on 50x100 m areas of pasture and daily faecal DM outputs were recorded for 8 days. Five mares and their foals were then placed in individual bare 20x20 m corrals containing custom-made feeding stations for 14 days to determine the indigestible DM fraction. DM, gross energy content, crude protein (CP), soluble Carbohydrate, Acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lipid, and macroelement composition of the pasture offered and faeces we...
N D Grace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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digestible energy intake dry matter digestibility and effect of increased calcium intake on bone parameters of grazing thoroughbred weanlings in new zealand
New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2003Co-Authors: N D Grace, T L Faram, C. W. Rogers, Elwyn C. Firth, H L ShawAbstract:Abstract AIMS: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and the effects of increased calcium (Ca) intakes on apparent mineral absorption and bone characteristics in grazing weanling Thoroughbreds. METHODS: DM intake (DMI) and DEI were determined in 16 weanling Thoroughbreds grazing pasture from their daily faecal DM output, measured over 8 days, divided by the DM indigestible fraction (1–digestible DM) determined in a 6-day digestibility trial. The DM, gross energy content, crude protein, soluble Carbohydrate, Acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, lipid, Ca, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), sulphur (S) and magnesium (Mg) composition of perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture and faeces were determined and their digestibility and/or apparent absorption calculated. Calcium intake and bone growth studies used 17 weanlings, randomly divided into three groups and fed perennial ryegrass/ white clover pasture and 0...
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digestible energy intake dry matter digestibility and mineral status of grazing new zealand thoroughbred yearlings
New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2002Co-Authors: N D Grace, Elwyn C. Firth, E K Gee, H L ShawAbstract:Abstract AIM: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and to determine the effect of Ca, P, Cu, Zn, and Se supplementation on growth rate and degree of physeal swelling in Thoroughbred yearlings grazed on pasture. METHODS: Fourteen yearling horses were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups and rotationally grazed on a ryegrass/white clover pasture for 7 months. One group was supplemented daily with a mineral mix. Liveweight changes were recorded at fortnightly intervals and pasture mineral composition determined at monthly intervals. The DM intake (DMI) was determined from daily faecal DM outputs divided by the indigestible DM fraction (1 — digestible DM) determined from a digestibility study. The DEI was determined from the difference between the gross energy intake and the gross energy faecal output. The DM, gross energy content, crude protein (CP), soluble Carbohydrate, Acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF...
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Determination of the digestible energy intake and apparent absorption of macroelements in pasture-fed lactating Thoroughbred mares
New Zealand veterinary journal, 2002Co-Authors: N D Grace, H L Shaw, E K Gee, Elwyn C. FirthAbstract:Abstract AIM: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy (DE) intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and to determine the apparent absorption of macroelements in lactating Thoroughbred mares grazed on pasture. METHODS: DM intake (DMI) and DEI were determined from daily faecal DM output measured in grazing mares, divided by the DM indigestible fraction (1-digestible DM), measured in a digestibility trial using pasture-fed mares. Eight lactating mares and their foals, that had a mean age of 40 days, were grazed separately on 50x100 m areas of pasture and daily faecal DM outputs were recorded for 8 days. Five mares and their foals were then placed in individual bare 20x20 m corrals containing custom-made feeding stations for 14 days to determine the indigestible DM fraction. DM, gross energy content, crude protein (CP), soluble Carbohydrate, Acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lipid, and macroelement composition of the pasture offered and faeces we...
Elwyn C. Firth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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digestible energy intake dry matter digestibility and effect of increased calcium intake on bone parameters of grazing thoroughbred weanlings in new zealand
New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2003Co-Authors: N D Grace, T L Faram, C. W. Rogers, Elwyn C. Firth, H L ShawAbstract:Abstract AIMS: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and the effects of increased calcium (Ca) intakes on apparent mineral absorption and bone characteristics in grazing weanling Thoroughbreds. METHODS: DM intake (DMI) and DEI were determined in 16 weanling Thoroughbreds grazing pasture from their daily faecal DM output, measured over 8 days, divided by the DM indigestible fraction (1–digestible DM) determined in a 6-day digestibility trial. The DM, gross energy content, crude protein, soluble Carbohydrate, Acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, lipid, Ca, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), sulphur (S) and magnesium (Mg) composition of perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture and faeces were determined and their digestibility and/or apparent absorption calculated. Calcium intake and bone growth studies used 17 weanlings, randomly divided into three groups and fed perennial ryegrass/ white clover pasture and 0...
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digestible energy intake dry matter digestibility and mineral status of grazing new zealand thoroughbred yearlings
New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2002Co-Authors: N D Grace, Elwyn C. Firth, E K Gee, H L ShawAbstract:Abstract AIM: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and to determine the effect of Ca, P, Cu, Zn, and Se supplementation on growth rate and degree of physeal swelling in Thoroughbred yearlings grazed on pasture. METHODS: Fourteen yearling horses were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups and rotationally grazed on a ryegrass/white clover pasture for 7 months. One group was supplemented daily with a mineral mix. Liveweight changes were recorded at fortnightly intervals and pasture mineral composition determined at monthly intervals. The DM intake (DMI) was determined from daily faecal DM outputs divided by the indigestible DM fraction (1 — digestible DM) determined from a digestibility study. The DEI was determined from the difference between the gross energy intake and the gross energy faecal output. The DM, gross energy content, crude protein (CP), soluble Carbohydrate, Acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF...
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Determination of the digestible energy intake and apparent absorption of macroelements in pasture-fed lactating Thoroughbred mares
New Zealand veterinary journal, 2002Co-Authors: N D Grace, H L Shaw, E K Gee, Elwyn C. FirthAbstract:Abstract AIM: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy (DE) intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and to determine the apparent absorption of macroelements in lactating Thoroughbred mares grazed on pasture. METHODS: DM intake (DMI) and DEI were determined from daily faecal DM output measured in grazing mares, divided by the DM indigestible fraction (1-digestible DM), measured in a digestibility trial using pasture-fed mares. Eight lactating mares and their foals, that had a mean age of 40 days, were grazed separately on 50x100 m areas of pasture and daily faecal DM outputs were recorded for 8 days. Five mares and their foals were then placed in individual bare 20x20 m corrals containing custom-made feeding stations for 14 days to determine the indigestible DM fraction. DM, gross energy content, crude protein (CP), soluble Carbohydrate, Acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lipid, and macroelement composition of the pasture offered and faeces we...
Wolfgang Zech - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil organic matter within earthworm casts of an anecic-endogeic tropical pasture community, Colombia
Applied Soil Ecology, 1996Co-Authors: Georg Guggenberger, Richard J. Thomas, Wolfgang ZechAbstract:Large, round-shaped surface casts derived mainly from the anecic Martiodrilus sp., family Glossoscolecidae were investigated for their structural stability and the composition of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with different particle-size separates of the casts. Lignin (CuO oxidation) and Carbohydrate (Acid hydrolysis) signature of SOM was carried out in addition to 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data obtained for the casts were compared with those of the surrounding surface soil of an Oxisol under grass/legume pasture following native savanna. Earthworm casts showed significantly higher contents of large (3.15–5 and 5–8 mm) water-stable aggregates than the surrounding soil (765 g kg- 1 vs. 390 g kg−1). This higher structural stability of the casts corresponded with their higher organic C concentration (56 g C kg−1) compared with the surrounding soil (26 g C kg−1). The increase was most pronounced for organic C associated with sand-sized separates, i.e. SOM not involved in organo-mineral complexes. Signature of microbial lignin alteration and Carbohydrate composition as well as 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed that organic matter (OM) associated with sand was mainly composed of slightly decomposed plant residues. Hence, higher concentrations of Carbohydrates and lignin (primary resources) and lower proportions of C-substituted aromatic C and COOH (humic compounds) observed in whole casts compared with the unfractionated surrounding soil were partly due to the intense mixing of fresh litter into the mineral soil (anecic effect). Microbial products were enriched in clay-bound SOM, and humified organic compounds dominated silt-associated SOM. However, the structural chemical analyses showed that decomposition of SOM bound to silt- and clay-sized particles appeared to be in a more advanced stage in the surrounding soil than in the casts. The data provided evidence that Carbohydrate-rich plant debris is responsible for structural stability of earthworm casts, besides mucopolysaccharides derived from microorganisms in the intestines of earthworms and the earthworms themselves. According to Golchin et al. (1994) it was hypothesised that microbial metabolism of notably plant-derived Carbohydrates results in the release of mucilage and other metabolites which permeate the coatings of mineral particles and thus stabilise the casts. The consequence of the intimate association of slightly decomposed plant debris with the mineral phase is the build-up of a rather active but physically protected C pool which is released concurrently with the disintegration of the casts.
Guanghu Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside is a ligand for T cell adhesion: Regulation of sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside expression via nuclear factor κB signaling
Journal of neuroscience research, 2009Co-Authors: Somsankar Dasgupta, Jeane Silva, Guanghu WangAbstract:Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are cell-surface molecules and play multifunctional roles. They may act as cell surface antigens; bind with microorganisms and with their toxins, hormones, and viruses; initiate or modulate signal transduction; and participate in cell adhesion (Bergelson, 1995; Karlsson, 1995; Riboni et al., 1997; Hakomori, 2000; Kolter and Sandhoff, 2006). Two GSLs, sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside (SGPG) and its analogue sulfoglucuronosyl lactosaminylparagloboside (SGLPG; Chou et al., 1986; Ariga et al., 1987), are highly expressed during mouse embryonic brain development, but their concentration is reduced beyond the detection limit at later developmental stages (Schwarting et al., 1987), with an exception in murine cerebellum (Chou and Jungalwala, 1988). They have been characterized in peripheral nervous system (PNS) in an approximate ratio of SGPG:SGLPG of 10:1 (Kohriyama et al., 1987). SGPG has been identified as a minor component of total GSLs composition of bovine brain endothelial cells (ECs) and has been characterized in human cerebromicrovascular ECs (Kanda et al., 1994; Duvar et al., 2000), immortalized with SV40 T-antigen, and designated as SV-HCEC (Muruganandam et al., 1997). In vitro, SGPG concentration in ECs is elevated during inflammatory conditions with increasing T-cell adhesion (Kanda et al., 1995; Dasgupta et al., 2007). Hence, we postulated that SGPG participates in EC-leukocyte adhesion via recognition of cell adhesion molecules such as L-selectin (CD62L) that are abundantly expressed on the T-cell surface (Arbones et al., 1994; Rosen, 2004). L-selectin is a Carbohydrate-binding protein that binds with high endothelial venules (HEV) and promotes T-lymphocyte homing (Arbones et al., 1994). The interaction of these ligands is specific to Carbohydrate configuration such as sialyl Lewis X (sLex) and its sulfoderivative, which contains a sulfate group at C6-GlcNAc moiety and bears the structure as NeuAcα2–3Galβ1–4[Fucα1–3(sulfo-6)]GlcNAc (Rosen, 2004). The Carbohydrate ligand, 6-sulfo(GlcNAc)-sLex, of both O- and N-glycans reacts with L-selectin and mediates in vivo lymphocyte homing, and this has been demonstrated using mutant mice lacking both core 1 and core 2 extension enzymes of O-glycan synthesis (Mitoma et al., 2007). Studies indicate that the sulfation of sLex is carried out by two different GlcNAc-sulfotransferases, GlcNAc6ST-1 and GlcNAc6ST-2 (Mitoma et al., 2007). Mice that are deficient in both GlcNAc-sulfotransferases completely lack 6-sulfo(GlcNAc)-sLex and show impaired lymphocytes homing (Kawashima et al., 2005; Uchimura et al., 2005), indicating the importance of sulfation in L-selectin binding. Both SGPG and SGLPG contain a terminal sulfated Carbohydrate Acid (sulfated glucuronic Acid) with a neolacto-(GlcNAc-Gal) tetrasaccharide backbone (Chou et al., 1986; Ariga et al., 1987), and we have previously provided evidence that SGPG can act as a ligand for L-selectin (Kanda et al., 1995; Dasgupta et al., 2007). Our earlier study indicates that SGPG expression in bovine brain ECs is up-regulated by stimulation with interleukin (IL)-1β, and the up-regulation plays a significant role in T-cell adhesion (Kanda et al., 1995). More recently, we reported that inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β stimulate glucuronosyltransferase genes (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S) and elevate SGPG concentrations in SV-HCECs, promoting T-cell adhesion (Dasgupta et al., 2007). Although our study indicated that SGPG played a significant role during inflammatory responses, the precise mechanism of SGPG elevation and its role as the molecular ligand for L-selectin demands further study. We have now elucidated the mechanism of T-cell adhesion to ECs by regulating the in situ SGPG expression and examining the cell signaling pathways. By blocking specifically the SGPG expression and assessing the T-cell binding, we have unequivocally established that SGPG is a ligand for T-cell adhesion. We have further demonstrated that the SGPG up-regulation is mediated through the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway. Thus, our study has revealed a novel mechanism regarding the signaling pathway for SGPG expression under inflammatory conditions.