The Experts below are selected from a list of 3 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Alfred P. Wolf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Structural Influences on the Chemical Reactivity of Hydrocarbons Toward Nucleogenic Carbon Atoms
    Tetrahedron, 1997
    Co-Authors: Richard A. Ferrieri, Ram B. Sharma, Alfred P. Wolf
    Abstract:

    Abstract A systematic measurement of the kinetic rate constant ratios for nucleogenic groundstate Carbon-11 Atom reactions with either a hydrocarbon or molecular oxygen has provided a means to intercompare the relative reactivities of several saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons and provide insight relating molecular structure with chemical reactivity at high kinetic energies. We noted from these studies that saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon reactivities tended to increase with size of the carbon skeleton relative to methane. We also noted that unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons were significantly more reactive than their saturated counterparts owing to the propensity for ground-state carbon Atoms to react at the π-bond. This action was exemplified by a 14.5-fold increase in ethylene reactivity over ethane. However, alkyl substituents lowered the magnitude of this effect. This behavior may be due in part to bond stabilization through electron delocalization, and in part to steric effects. This later effect was evident by the fact that cis-2-butene was twice as reactive as its trans-isomer. Interestingly, resonance stabilization carried to the extreme of aromatic behavior will render the molecule no more reactive than a saturated hydrocarbon of equivalent size. We noted that electron donating groups decreased reactivity while electron withdrawing groups especially in the meta position on the ring increased reactivity. This behavior seems atypical of what one would expect of an electrophilic reagent. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Richard A. Ferrieri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Structural Influences on the Chemical Reactivity of Hydrocarbons Toward Nucleogenic Carbon Atoms
    Tetrahedron, 1997
    Co-Authors: Richard A. Ferrieri, Ram B. Sharma, Alfred P. Wolf
    Abstract:

    Abstract A systematic measurement of the kinetic rate constant ratios for nucleogenic groundstate Carbon-11 Atom reactions with either a hydrocarbon or molecular oxygen has provided a means to intercompare the relative reactivities of several saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons and provide insight relating molecular structure with chemical reactivity at high kinetic energies. We noted from these studies that saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon reactivities tended to increase with size of the carbon skeleton relative to methane. We also noted that unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons were significantly more reactive than their saturated counterparts owing to the propensity for ground-state carbon Atoms to react at the π-bond. This action was exemplified by a 14.5-fold increase in ethylene reactivity over ethane. However, alkyl substituents lowered the magnitude of this effect. This behavior may be due in part to bond stabilization through electron delocalization, and in part to steric effects. This later effect was evident by the fact that cis-2-butene was twice as reactive as its trans-isomer. Interestingly, resonance stabilization carried to the extreme of aromatic behavior will render the molecule no more reactive than a saturated hydrocarbon of equivalent size. We noted that electron donating groups decreased reactivity while electron withdrawing groups especially in the meta position on the ring increased reactivity. This behavior seems atypical of what one would expect of an electrophilic reagent. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Ram B. Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Structural Influences on the Chemical Reactivity of Hydrocarbons Toward Nucleogenic Carbon Atoms
    Tetrahedron, 1997
    Co-Authors: Richard A. Ferrieri, Ram B. Sharma, Alfred P. Wolf
    Abstract:

    Abstract A systematic measurement of the kinetic rate constant ratios for nucleogenic groundstate Carbon-11 Atom reactions with either a hydrocarbon or molecular oxygen has provided a means to intercompare the relative reactivities of several saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons and provide insight relating molecular structure with chemical reactivity at high kinetic energies. We noted from these studies that saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon reactivities tended to increase with size of the carbon skeleton relative to methane. We also noted that unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons were significantly more reactive than their saturated counterparts owing to the propensity for ground-state carbon Atoms to react at the π-bond. This action was exemplified by a 14.5-fold increase in ethylene reactivity over ethane. However, alkyl substituents lowered the magnitude of this effect. This behavior may be due in part to bond stabilization through electron delocalization, and in part to steric effects. This later effect was evident by the fact that cis-2-butene was twice as reactive as its trans-isomer. Interestingly, resonance stabilization carried to the extreme of aromatic behavior will render the molecule no more reactive than a saturated hydrocarbon of equivalent size. We noted that electron donating groups decreased reactivity while electron withdrawing groups especially in the meta position on the ring increased reactivity. This behavior seems atypical of what one would expect of an electrophilic reagent. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.